US22331A - Method of - Google Patents

Description

I 2 Sheets-#Sheet l.

Patented Dec. 14, 1858.

C. PEPPER.v

Gas Stove 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

Patented Dec. t4, 1858.

C. PEPPER.

Gas Stove.

" No.` 22,331.V

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UNITED STATES PATENT GFFICE.

CALVIN PEPPER, OF ALBANY, NEIV YORK, ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF AND JOHN G. TREAD\VIQ`LL, OF SAME PLACE.

METHOD 0F APPLYING GAS FOR HEATING AND ILLUMINATING PURPOSES.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 22,331, dated December 14, 1858.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CALVIN PEPPER, of Albany, in the State of New York, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in the Method of Applying Gas for Heating and Illuminating Purposes; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a vertical section of a stove for heating and illulninating purposes, and Fig. 2 a horizontal section thereof taken at the line A, aof Fig. l. Fig. 3 is an elevation and Fig. 4 a vertical section of a stove for heating Ventilating and illuminating railroad cars, and Fig. 5 is a vertical section of a modification of my improved method of heating and illuminating.

The same letters indicate like parts in all the gures.

My invention consists in passing coal gas, or other inflammable gas, alone or in admixture with atmospheric air through a mass of sand and intlaming it at the surface where it issues from the mass. By this means the gas is greatly diffused for heating purposes, the slight interstices between the particles composing the mass of sand presenting a multiplicity of minute burners which can be spread over a much greater extent of surface, in proportion to the quantity of gas that issues therefrom than could be obtained by any other known means, the combustion of the gas at the surface heats the granular mass which becomes a reservoir of heat, that in turn heats the gas passing through it so that it will be in a better condition to be ignited for heating and illuminating purposes, and while a portion of the gas is thus burned at the surface of the mass of sand for heating purposes, another portion, if desired, can be drawn from the sand for the purposes of illumination.

In the accompanying drawings (A.) represents the chamber which receives the gas by an ordinary gas pipe B, provided with a stop cock (C.) either from a gas main or from a local gasometer (Q.) loaded at in the usual manner for supplying the gas under pressure. This chamber is separated from the other part of the stove by a stratum of sand (F) placed on a diaphragm E of fine wire gauze, the meshes of which should be sufficiently tine to prevent the passage of the grains of sand. The chamber H above is the chamber of combustion and may be of any form desired and suited to the intended purpose. In the examples given for heating a room or a railroad car it should present a large extent of heating surface and in addition, the heating surface may be extended by vertical tubes (D.) extending from the bottom to the top and thence passing through the gas chamber, the stratum of sand and the chamber of combustion. The air of the apartment enters at the bottom and is discharged at the top into the same or may be conducted to any other apartment after having been heated in its passage. If desired a diaphragm or plate (J.) may divide the upper chamber H into two compartments, in which case the -upper compartment may be used for baking or other like purposes.

For heating cars I prefer the modification represented in Figs. 8 and 4f. in which L represents a water chamber below the gas chamber. the lower ends of the tubes D communicating with the said chamber above the surface of the water, and their upper ends communicating with the chamber above the plate (J The space above the said plate is divided into two compartments (N.) and (0.). Atmospheric air taken from above the car through a pipe P, by the motion of the train is forced down into the compartment (N), thence passes down a portion of the tubes D, into the water chamber, where it is deprived of dust and smoke, and then it rises through the other tubes D, into the other compartment (O.) from which it escapes into the car through apertures (p.) after having been heated in its passage through the series of tubes.

The gas pipe B, I prefer to branch in various directions as at (b, b, 1),) Iiig. 2, the upper surface being pierced with numerous small holes for the escape of and the better to diffuse the gas under the stratum of sand.

Air is supplied to the gas chamber through the bottom by apertures or small tubes (c), which air mingling with the gas,

and becoming heated with the gas in passing through the stratum of sand is thereby rendered a better supporter of combustion than if supplied separately and in the cold state to the flame, but nevertheless the chamber of combustion must be provided, in the manner represented, or in any other suitable manner with apertures for the admission of atmospheric air. And although the apparatus above described can be used in an apartment Withouta chimney, for the same reason that the sameA quantity of gas can be consumed in an apartment for the purposes of illumination, yet I prefer to connect the chamber of combustion in any suitable manner with a chimney to carry 0H the noxious gases resulting from the combustion.

Just above the central portion of the stratum of sand I place a hollow cone, or inverted funned (f,) with a gas burner or burners at or near the apex. A portion of the gas which passes through the stratum of heated sand, with or Without atmospheric air, in escaping above from the sand is caught by the inverted funnel and by it concentrated so t-hat it Will burn with a bright flame for the purposes of illumination, the heat evolved being taken up by the apparatus for the purposes of heating.

I propose as a modification of the mode of applying my said invention to invert the arrangement above described as represented in Fig. 5, of the accompanying drawings, in which L, represents the chamber of combustion, in this case below the stratum of sand F, and the gas accumulates in the chamber above the sand, the air tubes D being arranged as in Figs. l and 2. The pipe B in this case is placed inside the stratum of sand with the apertures for the discharge of gas in the under surface. The gas for the purposes of illumination can be taken either from the inside of the stratum of sand byan inverted funnel f with a pipe leading from the apex to the burner outside, or it may be taken to the burners by separate pipes (S, S,) from the chamber H in which it accumulates after filtering through the stratum of heated sand.

In either of the modes of application described or in any analogous mode, the gas after filtering through the sand issues to the surface and being ignited burns with a bluish flame producing a sheet of such 'llame over the entire surface of the stratum, which in a short time heats the sand to a high temperature, which thus becomes a reservoir of caloric, that is thence transmitted by conduction and radiation to the entire structure for heating purposes and at the same time forming a heating medium for heating the gas to a high temperature as it passes through the interstices to the surface Where it is ignited, and also in like manner heating the supporter of combustion if mingled with the gas before passing through the stratum. And the gas thus supplied is not only in a better condition for ignition at the surface of the stratum of sand for the purposes of heating but that Which is not so consumed is in a much better condition for illumination than if ignited as it issues directly from a gas pipe through a burner in the usual way. And although I have above described the only modes in which I have applied my said invention, or in which I have contem` plated its application, I do not Wish to be understood as limiting my invention to such modes of application, as other modes will be thereby suggested to persons skilled in this branch of the arts.

I do not claim to be the first inventor-of a porous gas burner, as I am aware that erick C. Krause, and by some other substances other than silicious sand, and I do .not claim the burning of gas in such Way except through silicious sand in a state of. division, and I do not claim to be the inventor of passing gas through sand for the purpose of purifying the gas; and I make no cla-im for burning gas for illuminating purposes only, after having passed through the sand and separate from the sand, and I make not claim in this application for the use of gas or sand in a separate state, and I make no claim for the Ventilating arrangement described, or for the admixture of gas and atmospheric air before burning.

That I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is- Passing coal or other inflammable gas alone or in admixture with atmospheric air through a stratum or mass of silicious sand Without aggregation of particles to be inflamed at the surface substantially as described for heating purposes, and also vfor illumination, as incident thereto, as described.

CALVIN PEPPER. Witnesses:

BARTH. J. HACKETT, M. LA FAYETTE NORTON.

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