US2231355A - Liquid actuated motor - Google Patents

Description

Feb.11,1941. 1 P, E, ASQTGN ETAL 2,231,355

LIQUID ACTUATED MOTOR Feb' 1l, 1941 P. E. ASHTON E-rm. 2,231,355

LIQUID ACTUA'IED MOTOR Filed June 14, 1938 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Feb.` 11, 1941. P. E. ASHTON ETAL LIQUID ACTUATED MOTOR 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed June 14, 1938 TCRNEY Feb. 11, 1941. P, E, ASHTON ETAL 2,231,355

LIQUID ACTUATED MOTOR Filed June 14, 1958 4 sheets-sheet 4 f M f TTORNEY Patented Feb. 11, 1941 UNITED STATES LIQUID ACTUATED MOTOR Philip E. Ashton and Sidney L. Wolfson, Meriden,

Conn., assignors to The Cuno Engineering Corporation, Meriden, Conn., a corporation of Connecticut Application June 14, 1938, Serial No. 213,583

18 Claims.

Our invention relates particularly to motive devices for self cleaning liquid filters.

The Cuno Patent 1,747,149 shows a multipleplate type lter in a pressure lubricating system with means for automatically turning the plates with respect to cleaning members upon certain periodic or intermittent changes of pressure in the system. The Cuno Patent 1,769,502 shows another filter with liquid actuated means for continually cleaning the filter while the system is in operation.

Our present invention seeks to provide a motorv device which is reliable and capable of long sustained' use under the `most trying circumstances such as in aeroplane engine lubricating systems.

There .are many requirements for such a motive device. It should operate on the usual available oil pressure. The cleaning action should be self starting from any position. The iilter should continue to operate for a substantial period even if the cleaning means becomes disabled. It should be compact and capable of quick installation, easy to inspect and easy to clean. it should be capable of satisfactory operation under the greatly varying conditions which occur in such systems-such as changes in motor speed, wide temperature changes, changes in viscosity of the oil, and considerable changes in the oil pressure. It should be self lubricating under all circumstances.

It is also desirable that it be capable of replacing existing hand turned filters without structural changes to the engine.

Preferably the liquid actuated motor should use the clean liquid which has already been ltered. It should require only a small percentage of the oil for itspower device or motor and there should be no waste.

It is highly desirable to avoid the necessity for packing or stufling boxes. There should be means for automatically by-passing the ilter in case it gets clogged. It is also best to avoid external parts or pipe-lines. In order to prolong the useful life of the filter all the movements of the filter and of the motive device should be very slow and yet positive. Although the cleaning action should preferably be substantially continuous and automatic, it is desirable to provide for turning the filter element by hand in case of emergency and in order to test the lter to see that it will turn.

We have illustrated the invention as applied to the rotatable multiple-spaced plate type of lter with intervening stationary scraping or cleaning fingers. It should be understood however that the invention relates Ato the genera] construction and to the means for supporting and actuating the movable element of the lilter. In the form shown herein the motor which rotates the filter element is mounted in a housing which also encloses the control valve mechanism. The lter elements are secured to this housing so that the entire structure may be handled and installed as .a single unit. The motor has a reciprocating piston which turns the Valve back and forth to reverse the direction of pressure on the piston, without danger of stopping on a dead center.

A spring pressed toggle arm and lever have a lost motion connection with the valve. A clutch on the end of the filter shaft extension in the housing is rotated by the action of the piston. All of the moving parts are enclosed .and immersed in oil and parts are so designed that only a small quantity of oil is required to operate the cleaning motor and even that oil is returned to the system. y

Fig. 1 is a side view of a construction involving one form of our invention showing in dotted lines the parts of the oil reservoir of an engine with which it would be used.

Fig. 1a is an enlarged fragmentary section showing a detail of the iilter support.

Fig. 2 -is an end view of the ltering device.

Fig. 3 is an end View of the housing which contains all of the moving parts of the liquid .actuated motor for turning the filtering element or the cleaning element as the case may be, the lter parts being omitted.

Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of parts of the housing, clutch .and relief valve.

Fig. 5 is a cross sectional view of the liquid actuated motor 'and its valve and housing on the plane lof the line 5-5 of Fig. 6.

Fig. 6 is a longitudinal sectional View -oi the same parts on the plane of the line 6 6 of Fig. 5.

Fig. 7 is a view of the inner face of the cover of the housing showing the attached parts of the motor and its control valve mechanism.

Fig. 8 is an end View, partly in section, looking into the housing and showing the clutch device, the ycover and attac-hed motor parts being removed.

Fig. 9 is an exploded perspective view of the parts of the control valve and its connections.

Fig. 10 is a side view and partial section showing the control valve and its arrangement in the housing.

Fig. 11 is a rear View and section of the control-valve device and its support.

Fig. 12 is a sectional view showing the valve in a position reverse to that of Fig. 5.

`It is desirable that the filtering unit be a multiple spaced plate type having a set of plates such as plates I5 and scraper members i6 interposed between the plates. One of these sets is rotatable, preferably the plates I5 which are mounted on the rotatable shaft ll. The scraper plates or ngers are mounted on a shaft I6 which may be square in cross section Where the scrapers are mounted. One of the plates I 5 fixed on the shaft I1 has a bearing in the annular plate I8. The annular plate I9 similarly supports the opposite end of the shaft l1. in the rear part 23 of the head 22 and pass through plates I8, I8'. A nut 20 holds plate I8 on each rod 20. A sleeve 2| is secured to the head extension 23 and ts into openings 26', 26" in the engine casing. A collar 2 I carried by the inner end of the filter unit ts into another opening in the engine casing leading to the discharge port 21. Passages I8a extend through the plates of the filter unit. The collar 2l fits snugly in the engine casing and acts as a support or bearing for the inner end of the rotatable part of the filter unit. The sleeve 2| may be extended beneath the lter unit so as to act as a collector of sludge removed from the plates during the filtering operations and thus facilitate removal of sludge from thengine casing and may have openings 2|" for passage of oil to the filter plates.

The hea-d 22 of the filter unit constitutes a housing for the motor and clutch. A cover 24 is suitably secured to the housing by screws or bolts 24 and supports the parts of the mo-tor. The unit is lsecured inV place in the engine casing by screws or bolts 22'.

'Ihe motor and clutch are mounted in the chamber 25 in the housing and the filtering unit extends into a pressure chamber 26 in the oil reservoir which is sealed from the main chamber 28 by sleeve 2 I. The oil to be filtered is under pressure of the usual oil pump (not shown) and passes into chamber 26 and -then inwardly through openings 2l in the sleeve 2| and through the lter unit to the interior from which it passes normally through passages I 8a to the outlet or discharge 21. The main chamber 28 receives and holds the oil after it has passed through the lubricating system.

Chamber 29 is in communication With the interior passages I8a of the filter and through them with the outlet 21. Partition I9 also serves as a seal between chambers 26 and 29. A pipe 35 has an opening 3D' in the chamber 26 and a discharge opening surrounded by avvalve seat 30 in the partition I 9. A spring pressed valve 3l closes this discharge outlet under normal conditions but in case the filter becomes clogged excess pressure is built up in the chamber 26 and valve 3l is opened automatically so that the oil from the chamber 26 may pass into the chamber 29 and back through the passages ISa inside the filter and thus through the discharge port 21 so that the oil feed will not be stopped.

The housing 22 is provided with an oil inlet 32 and oil outlet 33. The inlet receives ltered oil from the chamber 29 and the outlet 33 permits the oil which has done the work in the motor to escape into the chamber 28 through the passage 33' in the head extension 23 and sleeve 2I.

The motor has a cylinder 35 which may be cast as a part of cover plate 24. In this cylinder there is a piston 36 which is moved back and forth by the pressure of the oil. Inside the cylinder is a chamber 31 which receives oil on one side of the piston. The chamber 25 which contains all of the valve and motor mechanism is also filled with oil. The'piston is moved back and forth by the pressure of the oil as will be later understood. In the bottom of chamber 25 is located the clutch mechanism including a clutch disk 4I1 which has Rods 20, 20 are secured a hollow hub 4I in the end of which the shaft I1 ts. A pin 4I' extends through a slot in the end of the shaft I1 and connects the shaft rotatably to the hub but permits longitudinal separation. A spring 42 exerts pressure to hold the shaft against longitudinal movement, the thrust of the spring 42 on the shaft being transmitted by the rotatable plates to the thrust bearing provided by stationary plate I8. 'This spring pressed slidable coupling between clutch 40 and shaft I1 is adapted to accommodate slight variations in the length of the filtering unit and also creates a constant one way pressure which prevents end play between the unit and its bearings. End play at these points is liable to be very destructive when the parts are subject to the severe vibration frequently present in aeroplane engines. A bushing 43 is preferably provided as an outer bearing for the hub 4I of the clutch disk. A bottom plate 44 serves as a bearing for the clutch disk and to prevent rollers 46 wearing the metal of the housing 22. A clutch ring 45 surrounds the disk 40. Between the disk and the ring are interposed a number of spring pressed balls or rollers 46 so that as the ring is oscillated the disk is rotated step by step in one direction.

Between the piston of the motor and the clutch ring is a vsort of bell crank connection. A post 41 is carried by the cover 24 and has a step bearing 41 in the bottom of the housing 22. On this post is mounted a sleeve 48 having at one end a forked arm 48 which loosely embraces a projection 45' on the clutch ring. On the other end of the sleeve 48 is another forked arm 48 which loosely engages the roller or pin 49 carried by the piston. The reciprocation of the piston rocks the sleeve 48 back and forth and thus oscillates the clutch ring 45 and turns the disk 46 and connected filter shaft I1 intermittently. 4

The shaft I1 may also be turned by hand. For this -purpose a gear 52 is secured to the outer surface of the clutch disc 40 and a shaft 53 is mounted in the housing and carries a pinion 54 meshing with the gear 52. One end of this shaft y53 projects through the ,cover and thus provides means for turning the gear 52 and the attached clutch disc by force applied from outside the housing. A hardened bearing member 35h may be provided to take up the thrust of the gear 52 produced by the action of the spring 42. The shaft 53 is provided with a bearing in the transverse wall of the housing 22 and also with another bearing in the bushing 55 which is secured to cover 24 and through which one end of the shaft protrudes. Bushing 55 has an external thread adapted to receive one end of the special nut 56 which, when in the position shown in Fig. 4, serves to protect the protruding end of the shaft and also to seal bushing 55 against oil leakage through the bearing from chamber 25. When it is desired to turn the filter by hand the nut 56 is unscrewed from the bushing and turned end for end so that seat 56' may be screwed on to shaft extension 53'; when screwed on to the shaft the nut 56 serves as a handle or to accommodate a Wrench and by this means the filtering unit may be rotated, in one direction, by hand. After turning the filter by means of the nut, the nut is readily removed by unscrewing, rotative movement in the direction reverse to normal causing the clutch parts to lock and permitting the nut to unscrew without difculty.

The valve for controlling the action of the piston of the motor is mounted in a block 60 plunger device connected to the rocker.

let

which .is .detachably secured to the ...cover rby 'screwsf' andfrwithin the housing. This'valve and sealing oi the -ends which are not used i. e. plugs 6| and 62 seal off the outer 'ends of these passages. 'A smalltube 8| leads to the inlet 6| anda small tube 62 leads from the out- These tubes arecarried bythe block 68 vand are thus mechanically supported by the cover 24. When the parts are/assembled `as shown in Fig. l0, the tube 6| extendsinto the inlet passage 32 in the housing and the tube .62 extends into the outlet passage 33 in the housing. In the block 68 is mounted a valve `bushing 63 which has a central cylindrical recess in which the valve member 68 oscillates. The central part of the member B4 divides the valve chamber into two parts 63a and 63h. Thevalve block has a passage 65 which is connected at one end to the valve chamber 63a and at the other end to a port 35a. in the cylinder 35. A second passage 86 in the valve block leads from theA valve chamber @3b to the chamber 25 in the housing 22.

The valve member 64 is secured to an `oscillating arm 61 which rests against an end surface of the bushing 83 or block 60 and has two projections 81 which limit the oscillatory movement of the arm 81 and attached valve. In this instance, these projections project on opposite sides of the tube 62' which serves as a stop. This arm 61 is rocked back andforth by the action of the piston 36 through a lost motion toggle mechanism.

A cross bar 1|) is mounted in a slot in the piston and has a key hole slot 1| interlocked with the pin 49 which is grooved where it engages the bar 18. This cross bar 10 has a flange 18 which is secured to the piston. A spacer 1li" is secured to the cross bar 18 to assist in positioning it in the slot in the piston. This spacer 1i!" and cross bar 18 also engage a slot 35 in the walls ofthe cylinder 35, as shown in Fig. 6, to prevent rotation of the piston '36. A throwing lever or'rocker 12 has a shaft 12 mounted in a bushing 13 which is carried by the plate 14, the latter plate being suitably supported lfrom. the valve block 60. The cross bar 18 has a projection 10a which as the piston is moved back and forth alternately engages the lugs 12a and 12b on the lever 12 so as torock the member 12 back and forth as the piston moves back and' forth. Member 12 alsoV has lugs 120 and 12d which alternately engage the projection 61a. on the valve arm E51 so'that-as the rocker 12 is snapped back and `forth it will alternately move the valve arm61back and forth-so as to turn the valve 64 back and forth .from the position of Fig. 5 to the position of Fig. 12 and vice versa. A spring pressed I,ball 15 engages the tip of the projection .6111.. sc as to resiliently hold the valve arm 61y in its two respective positions.

In order to provide for the lost motion action of the rocker 12, we provide 'a spring pressed This device comprises a pin 80 having a `flange 80' and an end part 8U" which is a slip t in pivot member 11 carried invalve block 68. A tube 8| is a sliding t on pin 80 and has a hinge yconiwith;1.a:ho1e.18" in .anend wall which is1aslip .fit onrl'and isiI held againstflange 8|'. The in- .terioriof sleeve 18 accommodatesone end of compression spring 19 which is a sliding rit on 8|. Dash pot cylinder 16 has an extension sleeve 16" -with an end wall having a hole which `is a slip 't along pin 80 as far as flange l88. The interior fsleevel" is a sliding iit for the other end of ispringlwhichiis placed on8l and between the 1 end Yflanges of 18 and 16 so that these latter enclose the spring and are urged apart by it and "transmit the spring stress through 8|] and 8| to pivot 11 andhinge 82. Dash pot piston 18 is a sliding t in cylinder 16 which has a bleed hole 16"'rand relief openings 16', the bleed hole a1- lowing communication between the interior of xcylinder'lii and chamber 25 at al1 times and the relief slots, which are much larger than the `bleed, hole, duplicating thiscommunication only when the piston 18 is near the outward end of 'its stroke and one of throwing lever lugs 12C and 12d is about to contact oscillating arm pro- A jectionlm By this means bleed hole 16' conltrols the rate of extension of spring 19 and 'through this governs the time of the operating cycle 'but .thefrelief openings periodically relieve the bleed control and allow the'iull power of spring 19 to .become eiectivefor moving the valve 64 from one position to another. This 'method'of control also'prevents destructive ham- :mer-like blows being imposed on the valve gear lby lever '12 as would be the case if the spring action were not damped. The distance between the lugs 12a. and 12b is such that the rocker 12 is thrown over center a short distance before pis- Yten 36 attains its furthest in vor out position so that if there, is a tendency for the rocker to stick,

:it can be carried furtherover center than would `in Fig. :5,vk the oil pressure created by the usual oil' pump (not shown) forces oil through the rfilter unit and throughthe discharge outlet 21.

Some of the oil from the chamber within the '45 kiilter unit passes through the inlet passage 32 (Fig. 1'0), the tube' 6|', inlet passage 6I, and

" around 'the valve member 64 (Fig. 5) to the with it andthe projection v18a. engages the lug 12ms-oas `to` turn the rocker 12 clock-wise as viewed in Figs. '7 and 9. This movement of the vrocker 12 compresses thespring 19 inthe throwking device or toggle action member and just beforethepiston 36 reaches the outer end of its stroke the spring 19 of the toggle throwing device "i suddenly swings the rocker 12 so that the lug '|20 strikes against the projection 61a and suddenly turns the valve 64 from the position of Fig. 5 to the position of Fig. l2. This change 'of position of the valve 64 diverts the pres` sure of` the oil to the opposite end of the piston 36, the course o'f the oil pressure now being `through the passage 6|, valve chamber 63h, passage 6B-t0 chamber 125 where the oil pres- `sure is "exerted against theright hand facefA of-the piston 36 vas viewed in Fig. 5. Meanwhile the oil from the other end of the piston 36 is exhausted through the passages 35a. and 65,

chamber 65a and discharge passage 62 as previously described.

lIt will be seen from the foregoing that this construction is free from projecting or external moving parts or connections and that the only force required to operate the filter unit under normal conditions is the engine lubricating oil pressure. It will also be seen that the power unit is self-starting even though it has previously been stopped by such conditions as lack of pressure or exceedingly low temperatures 0r excessively high pressures. Although the motor has the advantage of simplicity of single cylinder motors there is no possibility of the parts being caught on a dead center. The oil used as a motive power is taken from the discharge side of the lter and is therefore clean and unlikely to clog up the hydraulic motor. After the oil -passes from the motor it is discharged to the engine crank case at approximately atmospheric pressure. located entirely within the filter unit. It should be understood however that the particular elements of the device may be employed with either external or internal connections.

As all the moving parts are immersed in the working fluid, no glands or stufng boxes are required. Also the clutch hub 4| being mounted in long, close fitting bearings, there is little likelihood of leakage.

When the cover of the housing is removed, it will be noted that all parts of the motor device come away with it so that they may be handled as a unit, and that the complete clutch mechanism can be withdrawn from engagement with the shaft Il without the use of tools.

The motive device herein shown and described will operate on oil pressures varying from-a few pounds to more than a hundred pounds per square inch. Pressures varying from 60 to 75 pounds are usual. Only approximately 50 cubic inches per minute are required for operation.

It should be understood that various changes in details of the valve mechanism and in the other parts of the motor may be made within the scope of our invention as set forth in the following claims.

We claim:

1. A motor for a lter comprising a housing having inlet and outlet passages, a detachable cover .for said housing, a liquid actuated motor enclosed within the housing and carried by the inner side of said cover and removable therewith and including a control valve and ducts leading to said valve carried by the cover and detachably engaged with the inlet and outlet passages of the housing when the cover is applied to the housing.

2. Motor mechanism for a lter or the like comprising a housing having a removable cover, a motor cylinder secured to said cover within the housing, a piston reciprocable in said cylinder, means including an oscillating valve within the housing and having passages leading to the opposite ends of the cylinder, means connected to the piston for actuating said valve, and a spring pressed toggle arm having a lost motion connection with the valve within the housing.

3. Motor mechanism actuated by liquid pressure and comprising a housing having an inlet for liquid under pressure and an outlet, a cylin- In the present design, all passages are containingA the moving parts immersed in oil and having means at one end for connection with a support and a shaft connection for a device to be ldriven by the motor outside of the housing, a.

clutch in the housing connected to the shaft connection, an oil pressure actuated piston in the housing, a rock shaft, means connecting the rock shaft to the piston and other means connecting the rock shaft to the clutch, means including a valve controlling passages leading to the opposite ends of the piston and passages leading to and from the housing and lost-motion means of connection between the piston and said valve all operating in the oil within the housing and a cover for the housing.

5. A liquid pressure-actuated motor comprising a housing, a reciprocating liquid-pressure-actuated piston in the housing, means including an oscillating Valve having passages leading to opposite ends of the piston in the housing, a spring pressed toggle device having a lost motion connection with said valve, a detent coacting with said Valve and means of connection between said piston and said toggle device for actuating the same, all of the movable parts being immersed in the liquid in said housing, vand means of connection between said piston and an element outside of said housing.

6. In a lter moto-r, a housing, a clutch therein, a detachable cover for said housing, a motor cylinder and piston carried by said cover, a rock shaft supported by the housing and by the cover, one end of said shaft being connected to the piston and the other end of said rock shaft being connected detachably with a part of the clutch and a control valve in the housing connected to the piston in the housing.

7. In a liquid-pressure-actuated motor construction, a housing, la clutch disk mounted in the housing and having a connection for an outside shaft, a clutch ring surrounding the disk, a liquid-pressure actuated piston mounted in the housing and having means of connection with the clutch ring, valve mechanism mounted in the housing and having means of connection with the piston, a gear member connected to the clutch disk, a pinion meshing with the said gear and means for actuating said gear independently of the piston,

8. A lter motor head having an oil inlet and an outlet, a clutch Imounted in oil in the head, a double acting piston in the oil in the head, a bell crank connection between the piston and the clutch, means including a valve with passages for controlling the passage of oil alternately to the opposite sides of the piston and a toggle action throw-over device for controlling the action of the valve.

9. In a motor, a housing, `a drive shaft extending from the housing, a removable cover for said housing, a liquid driven piston in said cover for actuating said shaft, a valve carried by said cover for controlling the inlet and outlet to said piston and valve actuating mechanism carried by said cover and operatively connected to said piston.

10. A self-starting motor comprising a housing, a removable cover therefor, a liquid driven piston in the housing for driving a shaft, a valve for controlling the inlet and outlet of liquid to said piston and mechanism operatively connected to said piston for actuating said valve, said mechanism including a toggle action device and a spring pressed dash pot, said piston, valve and valve actuating mechanism being removable with said cover vas a unit.

11. For use in an oil driven motor system, a motor housing to be fed from a source of oil under pressure and to discharge oil under less pressure back into the system, a cylinder removably mounted in the housing, a piston reciprocable in said cylinder under pressure of said oil, a valve device in said housing, lost motion l oil pressure to one face of the piston and then to the other and simultaneously allow discharge of the oil which has completed its work and means for transmitting motion from said piston to the outside of said housing, said cylinder and piston being removable as a unit independently of said means for transmitting motion to the outside of said housing.

12. For use in an oil driven motor system, a motor housing to be fed from a source of oil under pressure and to .discharge oil under less pressure back into the system, a piston reciprocable in said housing under pressure of said oil, a valve device including a valve seat and a movable valve in said housing, lost motion snap action mechanism in the oil in said housing actuated iby the movement of said piston back and forth in the housing and connected to said Avalve to alternately admit oil pressure to one face of the piston and then to the other and simultaneously allow discharge of the oil which has completed its work and means including a clutch running in oil in said housing for transmitting motion from said piston outside of said housing, said Valve device and said snap action mechanism being removable as a unit from said housing.

13. An oil pressure motor including a cylinder,

" a double acting reciprocating piston therein,

valve mechanism governing the flow of oil to and exhaust from each side of the piston, a valve operating device between said piston and valve and a housing constituting at least a portion of the wall of said cylinder and containing said valve mechanism and said valve operating device, and a piston motion translating device havsure within the housing, said motor requiring only a small volume of oil for operation and returning the used oil to the source and having a connection in one end of the housing for transmitting motion outside of the housing, said inlet and said outlet being located in the same end of the housing.

15.. A self starting oil driven motor for an internal combustion engine lubricating oil lter comprising a housing having a removable cover and an extension for carrying the lter and its cleaning mechanism and for fitting within a recess in the engine wall, said housing having oil inlet and outlet passages in said extensionl and containing a piston actuated by the pressure of oil from the engine lubricatingr system and discharging the used oil back to the engine oil chamber, clutch mechanism in said housing actuated intermittently by said piston and a shaft connected to said clutch mechanism and extending through said extension to drive a part of lter cleaning mechanism.

16. A self starting liquid driven motor comprising a casing having inlet and outlet passages, snap action Valve mechanism for controlling said passages, a motor cylinder and coacting piston mounted within the casing, said piston being actuated by liquid passing through said passages, means of connection between said piston and said valve mechanism, means for transmitting motion from said piston to a point outside of one face of said casing, and means accessible outside of another face of said casing for manually moving a part of said means for transmitting motion, said means for4 manually moving a part of said means for transmitting motion to a point outside of said casing being removable independently of the said means for transmitting motion.

17. In a liquid driven motor, a casing having a chamber With a removable cover, a driven shaft having a bearing in the bottom of the casing, a slow motion clutch mounted in the bottom of the casing and having one part connected to said shaft, a piston reciprocable in the casing, means `of connection between said piston and another part of the clutch, and a spring-pressed snap-action valve having a lost motion connection with said piston, said casing having inlet and outlet passages controlled by said valve, said piston being removable from the casing independently of said clutch.

18. A self starting liquid driven motor comprising a casing having inlet and outlet passages, clutch mechanism mounted in the bottom of the casing, a motor removably mounted in the casing and including a cylinder containing a piston, the cylinder having a chamber at one end between the piston and the adjacent end of the cylinder and the casing having a chamber between the piston and inner walls of the casing, valve controlled means having passages connecting the inlet and outlet passages with the respective chambers, means of connection between the piston and the clutch mechanism for actuating the clutch mechanism from the piston, and means of connection between the piston and the valve whereby the valve is actuated by the piston.

PHILIP E. ASHTON. SIDNEY L. WOLFSON.

Images