US2229158A - Switching of spare repeater sections - Google Patents

Switching of spare repeater sections Download PDF

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Publication number
US2229158A
US2229158A US296893A US29689339A US2229158A US 2229158 A US2229158 A US 2229158A US 296893 A US296893 A US 296893A US 29689339 A US29689339 A US 29689339A US 2229158 A US2229158 A US 2229158A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
circuit
spare
section
circuits
sections
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US296893A
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English (en)
Inventor
Ira G Wilson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AT&T Corp
Original Assignee
Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc filed Critical Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
Priority to US296892A priority Critical patent/US2229108A/en
Priority to US296890A priority patent/US2229089A/en
Priority to US296891A priority patent/US2229090A/en
Priority to US296893A priority patent/US2229158A/en
Priority to GB11628/40A priority patent/GB543841A/en
Priority to FR869045D priority patent/FR869045A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2229158A publication Critical patent/US2229158A/en
Priority to BE441443D priority patent/BE441443A/xx
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F1/52—Circuit arrangements for protecting such amplifiers
    • H03F1/54—Circuit arrangements for protecting such amplifiers with tubes only
    • H03F1/542—Replacing by standby devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/74—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission for increasing reliability, e.g. using redundant or spare channels or apparatus
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J1/00—Frequency-division multiplex systems
    • H04J1/02—Details
    • H04J1/16—Monitoring arrangements

Definitions

  • 'Ihis invention relates vparticularly to broadband transmission systems such as multichannel carrier current', signaling systems.
  • the invention is applicable to openwire circuits, wire cable and coaxial cablev circuits, it relates to problems which become especially signicant in circuits carrying a large number of signal channels, such as a coaxial cable.
  • a large number of line repeaters in tandem spaced at intervals which may be as short as ve miles, or even less, with several unattended repeaters between attended repeater points.
  • the section between such attended points may be perhaps fifty or one hundred miles long. If certain types of failure or a degradation in the operation of any one of the large number of elements in the circuit occurs, such as a tube failure, it means that the whole circuit fails or is degraded Vand this may involve several hundred signal channels in the circuit.
  • my invention provides certain spare facil'- ities and the purpose of the invention is to arrange for the simultaneous use of the spare facilities with the regular facilities or for the substitution of such spare facilities in place of the regular facilities to such extent as is needed in case of failure.' Another purpose is to make any substitution in such manner as to reduce to a minimum any interruption or any irregularity in the transmission of the various signals or types of signals which are being transmitted.
  • Fig. 1 shows an extended transmission circuit made up of several sections and installed in duplicate for simultaneous use
  • Fig. 2 is a modification of the circuit of Fig. l;
  • Fig. 3 shows a detail of a portion of the circuit of Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 4 is a modication of Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 5 shows a detail of a portion of Fig. 4.
  • Fig. 1 there is shown a transmission circuit in duplicate. While in this figure, as well as the subsequent ones, the
  • the 35 duplicate circuits are indicated by the letter S. These symbols, however, in this particular iigure have no special signicancefor, inv accordance with my invention, the two circuits in any ones'ection are yboth normally in operation in 40 parallel in identically the same manner.
  • the two circuits in any ones'ection are yboth normally in operation in 40 parallel in identically the same manner.
  • the triangles In each section there are a plurality of spaced repeaters indicated bythe triangles, the pointing of the triangles indicating the direction of transmission, which is shown asthe same in all the flg- 415 ures.
  • the' output is impressed on the parallel circuits of section B'. If in any one of the sections a failure occurs in one of the circuits, the signal is then carried entirely by the other circuit with no great 55 effect or reaction on the preceding or following sections of line.
  • Fig. 2 is a circuit essentially the same as Fig. 1 in which, for simplicity, the equivalent of the 5 two-wire circuit of the coaxial is represented by a singleline.
  • the connection from the receiving ends of section A to the common portion of the circuit at the repeater point A1 is made by ordinary transformers. I iind, however, that l0 it is extremely useful to provide for conjugacy between such circuits as N and S in any section and at both ends of the section. This can be provided by means of suitable hybrid coil connections I-Ii and H2 at each attended repeater point.
  • Fig. 3 While a number of circuit arrangements can be used for establishing such conjugaoy, one circuit which I find particularly simple is shown in Fig. 3, this being a circuit which is well known in the communication art.
  • the four-coil winding 5 has two of its coils connected to the terminals of one incoming circuit.
  • a balancing network M with an impedance equal to that of the outgoing line is associated as shown. With the second incoming circuit connected in bridge as indicated,
  • circuits N and S will be conjugate to each other.
  • Fig. 2 takes oognizance of the fact that the phase shift for the two circuits of a given section may not be identically the same.
  • Fig. 2 is provided with phase shifting networks i in each circuit. In some instances it may be desirable to so adjust the signals that they add up in phase at the output of the hybrid coil at the end of the section. More generally, however, I find it preferable to introduce a phase diiference of 120 degrees between the message coming over the two circuits in a section.
  • the vector sum of the two components will still be a and in case one of the circuits is completely disabled the amplitude of the signal impressed on the hybrid coil is still equal to a. In case of partial degradation of one of the circuits, the resultant of the two components will not'differ very largely from the same value.
  • pilot frequency will be present on the circuit for continually and continuously regulating or adjusting the gain of the repeaters to values appropriate for the eX- isting physical condition of the transmission circuit. It is assumed that such a pilot frequency is present on both the normal and the spare circuits of Fig. 4 but with the arrangement as shown therein the spare circuit is shorted and therefore neither signal nor pilot frequency pass out from the spare circuit to the hybrid coil. Pilot 5 signal will however be transmitted over the normal circuit. Such signal will be picked olf from the line by a filter F and, through an amplifier detector, will then operate a relay R.
  • Fig. 6 shows a modication of the circuit of 60 Fig. 4 in that the pick-off point for the pilot channel filter is placed directly on the normal circuit in front of the hybrid coil.
  • the spare circuit will be disabled. If the pilot signal fails and the relay R is released then the spare circuit is enabled.
  • pilot signal coming 'over the spare 70 circuit will not enter through the filter F to operate the relay R.
  • the pilot signal coming thereover will disable the spare circuit and thus there is an auto- 75 matic restoration of normal operating conditions.
  • Fig. 7 is similar to Fig. 4 except that either circuit may be disabled at will. In this case provision therefor is made by the introduction in each circuit of some suitable switching device, here shown as similar to that in Fig. 5 but somewhat simplied.
  • Fig. 'I the schematic form of circuit of Fig. 2 is used in part but in order to more fully illustrate the manner of connection, the one-line showing is extended into the two-line showing. Means for exciting the relays in Fig. 7 are omitted but it is evident that they may be operated from any desired points and from any desired source such as direct current batteries or pilot signal or otherwise.
  • Fig. 8 a further modification of the circuit of Fig. 2, is sho-wn, this circuit calling for but one hybrid coil.
  • the regular and the spare sections are connected at the transmit end in the same manner as indicated in connection with the previous figures. Instead, howeverI of bringing them together through a hybrid coil at the receive end, provisions are made for direct switching in the transmission path.
  • Fig. 8 it will be observed that, through a suitable relay, contact is normally made for transmission over the regular path to the hybrid coil of the next section.
  • the relay for maintaining this connection is controlled by pilot signals coming over the two circuits, these pilot signals being selected by amplier-detectors to energize two windings of a biased relay.
  • the relay is so biased by direct current or otherwise that connection is normally made from the regular circuit to the next section, the pilot signal over the two circuits virtually neutralizing each other. If, however, pilot signal fails or is degraded over the regular circuit, then pilot signal over the spare takes control and switches the relay contacts so that transmission now takes place to the next section over the spare circuit.
  • a communication system comprising a section of broad-band signal transmission line subject to impairment of service, a substantially identical section serving as a spare, normal connections from the receive end of the previous section to the transmit end of the regular and the spare sections for continuously activating both by signals, and means at the receive end of said regular and spare sections for connecting them alternatively to activate the next section.
  • a communication system comprising a section of broad band signal transmission line subject to impairment of service, a substantially identical section serving as a spare, means for concurrently activating the transmit ends of said sections with signals from the previous section, means for concurrently activating the next section with signals from the receive ends of both said regular and said spare sections, and phase adjusting means in one of the two firstmentioned sections to bring the respective outputs of said two sections into a desired phase relationship such that if one of said two sections is disabled the vectorially combined output will remain approximately the same.
  • a communication system comprising a section of signaling circuit subject to impairment of service, a substantially identical section serving as a spare, a six-terminal network connecting the transmit ends of the regular and spare sec-tions in conjugate relation with each other for normally concurrent activation by signal from the receive end of the previous section, and another six-terminal network connecting the receive ends of the regular and spare sections in conjugate relation with each other and to the transmit end of the next section.
  • a communication system comprising a section of coaxial circuit subject to impairment of service, a substantially identical section serving as a spare, a hybrid coil connection from the receive end of the previous section to the transmit end of the regular and the spare sections whereby both the regular and the spare sections are normally activated by signal in parallel, a hybrid coil connection from the receive ends of the regular and spare sections to the transmit end of the next section, a pad connection at the receive end of the spare section and means controlled by the pilot signal in the normal circuit to control the pad whereby when pilot signal is normal the losses due to the pad are high and when pilot signal is below normal the losses due to the pad are low.
  • a communication system comprising a section of coaxial circuit subject to impairment of service, a substantially identical section serving as a spare, a hybrid coil connection from the receive end of the previous section to the transmit end of the regular and the spare sections whereby both the regular rand the spare sections are normally activated by signal in parallel, and means for normally disabling the spare circuit but for enabling it when the regular circuit is impaired.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Cable Transmission Systems, Equalization Of Radio And Reduction Of Echo (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)
  • Radio Relay Systems (AREA)
US296893A 1939-09-28 1939-09-28 Switching of spare repeater sections Expired - Lifetime US2229158A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US296892A US2229108A (en) 1939-09-28 1939-09-28 Switching of spare repeater sections
US296890A US2229089A (en) 1939-09-28 1939-09-28 Switching of spare channel
US296891A US2229090A (en) 1939-09-28 1939-09-28 Switching of spare repeater sections
US296893A US2229158A (en) 1939-09-28 1939-09-28 Switching of spare repeater sections
GB11628/40A GB543841A (en) 1939-09-28 1940-07-12 Improvements relating to electrical communication systems
FR869045D FR869045A (fr) 1939-09-28 1941-01-07 Systèmes de transmission à large bande
BE441443D BE441443A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1939-09-28 1941-05-14

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US296892A US2229108A (en) 1939-09-28 1939-09-28 Switching of spare repeater sections
US296890A US2229089A (en) 1939-09-28 1939-09-28 Switching of spare channel
US296891A US2229090A (en) 1939-09-28 1939-09-28 Switching of spare repeater sections
US296893A US2229158A (en) 1939-09-28 1939-09-28 Switching of spare repeater sections

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2229158A true US2229158A (en) 1941-01-21

Family

ID=42710534

Family Applications (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US296893A Expired - Lifetime US2229158A (en) 1939-09-28 1939-09-28 Switching of spare repeater sections
US296891A Expired - Lifetime US2229090A (en) 1939-09-28 1939-09-28 Switching of spare repeater sections
US296892A Expired - Lifetime US2229108A (en) 1939-09-28 1939-09-28 Switching of spare repeater sections
US296890A Expired - Lifetime US2229089A (en) 1939-09-28 1939-09-28 Switching of spare channel

Family Applications After (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US296891A Expired - Lifetime US2229090A (en) 1939-09-28 1939-09-28 Switching of spare repeater sections
US296892A Expired - Lifetime US2229108A (en) 1939-09-28 1939-09-28 Switching of spare repeater sections
US296890A Expired - Lifetime US2229089A (en) 1939-09-28 1939-09-28 Switching of spare channel

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (4) US2229158A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE441443A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR869045A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB543841A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2592716A (en) * 1949-03-25 1952-04-15 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Self-correcting amplifier
US2686256A (en) * 1951-02-06 1954-08-10 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Signal transmission system
US2773944A (en) * 1950-08-08 1956-12-11 Bendix Aviat Corp Amplifying system with stand-by channel
US3365666A (en) * 1964-07-29 1968-01-23 Philips Corp Transmission channel switching device responsive to channel noise
US3519945A (en) * 1967-09-05 1970-07-07 Bell Telephone Labor Inc System for replacing all or part of a faulty amplifier

Families Citing this family (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2478395A (en) * 1943-03-05 1949-08-09 Automatic Elect Lab Automatic by-pass for repeaters
US2552787A (en) * 1946-11-23 1951-05-15 Automatic Elect Lab Channel switching in voice current repeater stations
GB653966A (en) * 1948-07-13 1951-05-30 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Improvements in or relating to the automatic replacement of defectiye repeating or receiving equipment in high frequency electric communication systems
US2625613A (en) * 1950-10-04 1953-01-13 Maico Company Inc Tone interrupter for audiometers
US2663010A (en) * 1952-02-01 1953-12-15 Itt Switching system
BE527208A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1953-03-28
US2802990A (en) * 1953-08-04 1957-08-13 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Switching system in multiple line multiplex transmission system
DE954796C (de) * 1954-09-25 1956-12-20 Siemens Ag UEbertragungsanlage mit Breitbandkabel mit koaxialen Leitern
US3009133A (en) * 1956-06-25 1961-11-14 Westinghouse Air Brake Co Automatic changeover for carrier circuits
US3111624A (en) * 1960-01-04 1963-11-19 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Automatic system for selectively substituting spare channels for failed working channels in a multichannel multilink communication system
NL260534A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1960-02-10
US3170071A (en) * 1960-03-30 1965-02-16 Ibm Error correction device utilizing spare substitution
NL267532A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1960-07-29
US3138781A (en) * 1960-12-21 1964-06-23 Westinghouse Brake & Signal Electronic drive circuits for remote control systems
US3202941A (en) * 1960-12-23 1965-08-24 Bell Telephone Labor Inc High frequency channel switching unit, employing electromechanical contact means
US3248693A (en) * 1961-09-25 1966-04-26 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Data transmission system for operation in signal environment with a high noise level
US3204204A (en) * 1962-09-26 1965-08-31 Automatic Elect Lab Fast-switching arrangement for the transfer of communication channels
US3451042A (en) * 1964-10-14 1969-06-17 Westinghouse Electric Corp Redundant signal transmission system
US3319088A (en) * 1964-11-25 1967-05-09 John B Payne Selective delay device
NL6507233A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1965-06-05 1966-12-06
US3403357A (en) * 1966-04-14 1968-09-24 Hughes Aircraft Co Switching apparatus for selectively coupling a predetermined number of microwave devices between an input and an output port
US3694765A (en) * 1971-02-08 1972-09-26 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Signal coupling circuit
US4264894A (en) * 1979-06-18 1981-04-28 Ellington Stephen P Fault bypass for data transmission system
FR2511772A1 (fr) * 1981-08-24 1983-02-25 Inst Francais Du Petrole Dispositif de transmission sequentielle de signaux par radio ou par cable, entre un systeme central de commande et des appareils d'acquisition de donnees
US4565972A (en) * 1985-03-18 1986-01-21 Tx Rx Systems, Inc. Tower mounted preamplifier
US5418490A (en) * 1994-03-01 1995-05-23 Tx Rx Systems, Inc. Failure responsive alternate amplifier and bypass system for communications amplifier

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2592716A (en) * 1949-03-25 1952-04-15 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Self-correcting amplifier
US2773944A (en) * 1950-08-08 1956-12-11 Bendix Aviat Corp Amplifying system with stand-by channel
US2686256A (en) * 1951-02-06 1954-08-10 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Signal transmission system
US3365666A (en) * 1964-07-29 1968-01-23 Philips Corp Transmission channel switching device responsive to channel noise
US3519945A (en) * 1967-09-05 1970-07-07 Bell Telephone Labor Inc System for replacing all or part of a faulty amplifier

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB543841A (en) 1942-03-16
US2229089A (en) 1941-01-21
BE441443A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1941-11-29
FR869045A (fr) 1942-01-22
US2229108A (en) 1941-01-21
US2229090A (en) 1941-01-21

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