US222824A - Improvement in smoke-consuming furnaces - Google Patents

Description

J. G. HUNT. Sm ke-Consuming Furnaoe.

Patentd Dec. 23,1879.

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m w m Inventor.

` N-PETERS. FHOTO-LTHOGRAPHER. WASQVHNGTDN, D C,

U ITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. i

JAMES Gr. HUNT, OF CINCINNATI, OHIO.

IMPROVEMENT IN SMOKE-CONSUMING FURNACES.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 222.824. dated December 23, 1879; application filed August 29, 1879. V

To all whom it may concm:

Be it known that I, JAMEs Gr. HUNT, of the city of Cincinnati, county of Hamilton, and

State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Smoke- Gonsuming Furnaces, of which the following is a specification. i

My improvement is applicable to the various descriptions of app-aratus for burning fuel, but is more particularly designed to be used in connection with apparatus for generating stearn; and my improvements have for their object the consumption of the smoke generated by the combustion of fuel in said apparatus.

The first feature of my invetion consists in such an arrangement of the grate-bars of the furnace and of the ash-pit as that the gratebars shall be substantially on a level With each other, and the ash-pit shall be divided into two chamloers, the rear one of which shall be capable of supplying the fire on the grate above said chamber with fresh air of a desired temperature, the air thus passing up through the grate over the said rear or second chamber acting, in connection with the bed of coals thereupon, to consume the smoke generated from the greener fuelburning upon the grate over the front chamber.

The second feature of my invention consists in adding to a furnace constructed according to the first part of my invention, and behind the rear brid ge-wall a plate or grating, located in substantially the same horizontal plane as the grate, and provided with perforations to admit of the passage from beneath of air through the same to the unconsumed smoke and gases passing over the bridge-wall, for the purpose of consuning the said smoke and gases.

The third feature of my invention consists in combining with a twin furnace-that is, a furnace having duplicate ch ambers, each chamber provided with one orboth of the aforementioned features of my invention--an opening located near the forward end of the furnace and connectin g the same, and also in providin g suitable dampers at the last bridge-wall of said furnaces, in such a manner that the smoke and unconsumed gases from either furnace shall be compelled to pass through the other furnace at will, and in their passage over the fire of the latter shall be consuned.

The fourth feature of my invention consists in the application to either or any of the aforementioned features of my invention of a useful device for introducin g air or steam, or both mixed together, the introduction of said gases being on opposite sides, and near the rear part of the furnace, for the purpose of increasing the draft of the fire, and also of aiding in consuming the smoke.

While this dcvicc naywith advantage he located at many points in the furnace, the location hereinafter specified is a very advantageous one, and this location is another feature of my invention.

For convenience of illustration, I will describe a twin furnace employed to heat a steamboilcr, and provided with my improvements.

In the accompanyin g drawings, making part of this specification, Figure l is a perspective view of a furnace and boilcr enbodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a horizontal sectional View of same, taken on a level with the center of the boilcr, the boiler being removed to show the parts beneath. Fig. 3 is a sectional View taken at the line x x of Fig. 2. Fg. 4 is a sectional view taken at the liney y, Fig. 2, and looking toward the rear, the boiler also being shown in position. Fig. 5 is a device for closing the orifice Q.

AA' are the furnaces, over which is a steanboiler, B, providedlwith a return-fine, b, the rear end of which is suitably connected with the furnace, and the forward end to the chimney (J. Each furnace is provided with a set, D, of horizontal grate-bars, supported in the usual manner in front, and at the rear by the partition or bridge wall E, which latter supports the forward end of a second set, F, of gratin g, supported at the rear by a brid ge-wall, g. These two sets of gratcs may be' one; but for the convenience of setting, wear, and repair, they are preferably made as described. Directly behind the grate a damper, H, is so arranged as to be capable of shutting ofi' the space under the rear portion of the boiler from the furnace.

This dam per may be connected and operated in any suitable manner, but is preferably, as here, hinged at its upper edge, and operated 222.824&

by a shaft, d, terminating in a crank-handle, e, the latter being located outside of the furnace, and within reach of the stoker or eugineer.

At the rear of the damper His the perfo- 'rated plate or grating I, suit-ably supported, as

shown. This plate is preferably somewhat inclined downward from front to rear, as shown, so that ashes or dust cannot accumulate 011 it to such an exteut as to cover over the holes.

The ash-pit D', under grate D, and the ashpit F', under grate F, and the ash-pit I', under plate or grating 1, are each provided with a suitable door, f, for the removal of the ashes, and for permitting, when desired, a very free fiow of air through the same.

The partition-walls E and Gr are also preferably connected with each other by means of an opening or openings, J, as shown, closed by appropriate dampers. The ash-pit I', in addition to the dampers in the ash-pit door, may also be provided with one or more orit'ces,f', located in its side and regulated by appropriate dampers.

The two furnaces are entirely separated by a partition-wall, K, except at their front portion above the grate and below the boiler, where an opening, L, connects them. Each of these furnaces is fed through the usual door M, suitably located at the front, as shown, or side of the furnace. At the inner side of the outer Wall of each furnace, and near the junclion of the latter with the boiler, is located a perforated discharge device, N, fed through a pipe, P, which is preferubly continued to the front of the furnace, and terminates in a bell-shaped nouth, Q, outside the wall, into which mouth enters a steain-pipe, R, connected with the steam-space of the boiler. This pipe E is some- 'what smaller than pipe P, for the reasons hereinafter mentioned, and does not extend quite to the end of P.

My improvements operate as follows:

Where but one furnace is employed, or the furnaces are operated separate] y, the operation of the same is as follows: A fire of green coal being kindled and allowed to burn for a short time, the incandescent coals are pushed back onto grate F and more green fuel supplied by grate D. The ordinary combustion takes place on grate D, which is supplied with air from ashpit D', derived through ash-pit door A or any other suitable source. The gases and smoke generated by the ignition of the green fuel pass over the incandescent coals upon grate F, and, by means of a fresh supply of air com-v ing up through the latter grate from ashpit F' and supplying fresh oxygen to the fire at this point, the conbustion is increased and intensiied and the smoke and gases are i gnited. Any residue of gases and smoke (if it should happen that any of same should not be consuned over the grate F) passing off of grate F are supplied in their passage over plate or gratin g I with fresh air (oxygen from the pit l') through the orifces in said plate I, and are thereby oonsumed.

The fresh air from without the furnace to be supplied to the grates D, F, or I may be introduced to the same in any suitable manner, but is preferably introduced as follows: The air for grate. F may be supplied through the door of pit F', or through orifices in the side wall above the door, or from ash-pits D' or I' through orifices J in the partition-walls, as desired; and the air for grate I may be supplicd through the door of ash-pit I', or through orifices in the side of the furnace above the same, as g, or through the orifices J from ashpit D' or ash-pit F'.

YVhere the air to be supplied to grate F or I is needed in a warm condition, it is preferable to have it pass beneath grate D or F, or both, for grate l, and beneath grate D or I for F.

The operation of device N P Q R is as follows: The passage of steam through pipe R being controlled by faucet IL, the pipe E is closed whenever it appears desirable to introduce air alone to the fire through the device Q P R. The draft of the fire draws air through opening Q; at the sides of pipe R, and through pipe P, and through the orifices in device N, and the air thus introduced increases the combustion of the fuel, and also of the smoke and gases generated therefrom; or, should it be desirable to introduce steam alone, the orificc Q may be closed by some appropriate device around the pipe P, thus not allowing air to enter. I have found, however, that a mixture of steam and air introduced to the furnace by device N contributes much more toward a perfect combustion of the fuel, smoke, and gases, 850., than either air or steam alone. To thus introduce such a mixture by faucet h, I open pipe R, and thus allow the steam to pass through pipe R and into pipe P, whece it passes (by its own projcctile impulsion and by the draft of the furnacefire creating a suction through pipe P toward N) through pipe P, at which point it becomes mixed with air drawn in through inlet Q, and in this mixed condition' the air and stean pass through the device Nin numerous jets to increase the com bustion.

The draft of the furnaces is to be regulated by suitable dampers-as, for example, damper H can be used for this purpose.

The unconsumable invisible gases and heated air pass through the fiue of the boiler from rear to front, and thence into chimney O, in the usual nianner.

When it becomes desirable to employ the furnaces together, by means of opening L, the green fire is first made in one of the furnacessay A-and damper H in furnace A being closed, and damper H in furnace A' being opened, till the fire has become a.bed of live coals.

The operation of this furnace in consuming the smoke is carried on by means of grates F and I, as heretofore specified, the heated air and unconsumable products of combustion passing through the open damper H in furnace A, and thence through the boiler into the chimney. I then make afire of green coals in furnace A', and the unconsumed smoke, 850., generated from said green fire in furnace A pass from said furnace'through opening L into furnace A, and over the bed of coals in the latter, the air 'supplied by grates F- and I as sisting in the combustiou of said smoke and gases, and the air and steam-entering through device N of furnace A assisting in the result. The steam and air as they enter the furnace through the device Nstrike against the closed daniper H, causing an eddy or whirl, thus causing the more complete miXture of the various gases. It then takes a course toward the opening L, causing a greatincrease in the draft.

Steam being iutroduced through the device N of the opposite side of the furnace does not meet with the resistance of the damper H, as this damper is open. This steam, therefore, passee through the open damper, also giving a great increase to the draft.

The perforations in device N are 1'ret`erably directed at a backward an gle to direct the steam and air toward the damper H. The nonconsumable gases then pass through damper H in furnace A, and through the boiler, &c., as specified.

When the fire in fu-nace A is to bc repleislied the damperH of the same is to be closed,

means at'oresaid, and the residue thereof pass through damper H in furnaee A', and through the boiler, as specified. This operation is repeated as often as fresh fuel is added, care being taken so to operate the dampers as to cause the smoke and gases from the green coal in the one chamber to pass through the other furnace, and thus over the live coals therein.

What I claim as new and of my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The combination of the grates D and F, substantially on the same level, and the perforated plate or grating I, and the chambers D F', and I', immediately succeeding each other, the perforated plate or grating I being immediately over the chamber I', substantially as and for the purposes specified.

2. The combination of the grates D and F, substantially on the same level, and the perforated plate or grating I, Situated above the chamber I', and the chanbers D', F', and I' immediately succeeding each other, and ashdoors and orifices J, said orifices being in bridge-wall Gr, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

3. The combination of grates D F and plate I andchanbers D' F' I' and damper H, placed between grate F and plate I, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

4. The combination of the grates D F, placed substantially on the same level, and the chambers D' and F and the damper H, placed directly after the grate F and between the boiler and bridge-wall, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

5. The twin furnaces A and A', each provided with grates D, F, and I, and chanbers D', F', and l', and dampers H, located between grates F and I, said furnaces being connected by opening L, substantially as and for the purposes specified;

(i. The twin furnaces A and A', each provided with grates D and F, and chambers D' and F', and dampers H, located immediately above bridge-wall G, all in combination with opening L, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

7. The combinatiou of the perforated dischargevessel N and pipe P, located substantially as described, and the grates D and F and chambers D' F', substantially as and tor the purposes specified.

S. The conbinaton of the discharging device N P, located substautially as described, and the grates D, F, and l, and chambers D', F', and I', substantially as and for the purposes specified.

9. In a twin furnace, the combinatiou of the discharging device N P, and the grates D and F and I, and chambers D', F', and I',`aud opening L, and dampers H, located between grates F and I, substautally as and for the purposes specified.

JAMES GEORGE HUNT.

Attest:

E. H. FOSTER, JNO. W. STREHLL

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