US2223014A - Recoil absorber for firearms - Google Patents

Description

NW. 26, 1940. I N; J A GALLIOT ETAL I 2,223,014

' I REcoIL ABSORBER FOR FIREARMS Filed July 28, 1937 Fig.5

Patented Nov. 26,1940 f t UNITED STATES {rabbit A me Rfmn- E R r Galliotpvaucressonl {and I ,aJeanne Adrienneyictorine Annaqhable, Paris, Y

l F ee"? App t The present invention relates to muzzle checksj or recoil absorbers for-lfirearmsof the type including one or several convergent divere I gent nozzles fixed-to the end of thebarrel or 'tube of the'arm,'a1ongthe axis thereof, andintended to increase the kinetic energy of the gases, which are subsequentlydeflected and di'spharged to the outside by means-of a stationary deflector system including deflecting surfaces generated by therevolution, about-the longitu- 1 dinal axis ofthe barrel, of one or more curvilinear qa'ros having their concavity turned toward the rear of the weapon, whereby the energy of the gases which escape through this deflector system" I is utilizedjfor exerting a tractive force-in a direc -v I force 'producing the tionopposed to that of'the recoil of'th'e arm.

I The present invention relates"especia1l3 "=to the -construction and assembly of thedeflector elements; v I,

It has already been proposed, in our {Patent 'N0."2,143,596 dated January 10, 1939, to constitute the deflector elements partly by the curved rear faces of thelnozzles, and partly'by "the front faces of the aperturesprovided in an outer casing for the outflow of'athe gases. In.

the construction described in this patent, each of thenozzlesv is providedwith inwardly eX tendling" helical partitions or ridges serving to maini by the rifiing in the barrel}. l

1 The object of the presentiinve'nti'on'is to protain and accelerate the rotary movement-offlthe gases around the axis of the weapon produced vide a=simplified construction ofJa recoil absorb-er ofth'is type. 1 i 1 i- Accordingto the essentialfeature'of the present invention-these internal ridges carried by the respective nozzles'are prolonged toward the'f'ront so as to be in contact each with the partx'of a deflector element formed" by the rearface of the l .next nozzlein said forward directions. I

According to another feature of the present invention in orderto oppose rotary displacement g of thenozzles as might-result from the'rea'ction of the'gases on said ridges, we provide steel wire rings, acting as springs, adapted tofit in circ'ular grooves provided-in the envelope, opposite the nozzles, and carryinglradial, inward'projec- 'tions', which extend through the envelope and penetrate into corresponding holes of the noz-- zles.

Other features of the present. invention will result from the following detailed description of some specific embodiments thereof.

Preferred embodiments ofthe present invenendlofithebarrel of a firearm;

;erit.invention. l l "In the drawing, a designates 1the barrelliof a Fig. 1 is a partial longitudinal section ialon firearm; bis afirst convergent-divergentnozzle,

Reference characters c,.c designate annular outlet passages," limited Htoward ,thegfront b'y the rear faces c2. :ofthe nextrespectiveinozzles, '(or for the lastpassage, cLtow ard the right hand side-of Fig. 1) by therear facerf? :of the flange ,f of casing e, allthese surfacesbeing ,of revolution" about axis -.'l: ;r'. Nozzles 1),"0, 'c'and e; are provided with helical inward ridges 19 ,493;

screwed to the front end of thefgbarrekj c are three other convergent-divergent.,no.z- .-zles, mounted in front of' the ffirst one, behind I one-another, onthe inside of envelope lorgjcasing v e; The front part f of said. casing constitutes *an inwardflangeand surrounds a circumferem tially;groo ved axial opening for .the;pas,sagelof the projectile.

e;I -and-"c respectively; in such'mannera's to con? .stitute rifling's which prolong bore of th'e barrel.- II I I These helical inner ridges b the ,rifiings of the o ciand ciolf the barrel; Preferably, the pitch of the ridges b of the nozzle 1) is shorter than that of the-said I rifiing. In a like manner, the pitch of the ridges .10 of-each of the nozzles c is'shorter than-thatof the-preceding one, so-that these ridges 12 ,0 03, ,will ;r naintain,-and even accelerate; the rotary movement ofthe-gases aboutgaxis :c':c,-:produced loythe rifling OfthSbaI'IEL r I The gases, which are thus-given vided-injcasing-e, passing betweensuitablyshaped course turn in the same-direction as the rifiingof 7 a high-speed rotary (or rather helical) movement about'axis armsror partitions e which are. for instan'celbevel- :shaped'on their "inner edge; The curved front face 6 of each of these apertures e prolongs'the curved rear face 0 of each of the nozzles 0 respectively or the curved rear face I of flange f. In thisway, each of the deflector surfaces'is constituted, partly by the rear face 0 of a nozzle (or I I by the rear face f of flange J) and partly by the front face of-the ports e provided in casinge.

As shown by the drawing, casing e is fixed, by screwing at 17*, on the first nozzle b, itself screwed at a to the barrel. The other nozzles c, c, c are housed, behind one another, in the smooth cylindrical bore of casing e.

In order to keep these nozzles suitably spaced from one another, according to our invention, the internal ridges b or 0 carried by each of said nozzles are prolonged toward the front so that their front ends constitute bevelled or wedge- V shaped noses extending across passages and bearing against the rear edges of the next nozzles, respectively (or, for the last set of ridges, carried by the last nozzle toward the right of the drawing, against the rear edge of flange In other words, according to the present invention, the wedge-shaped noses constituted by the front ends of the ridges b and c act as longitudinal spacing members for maintaining the desired intervals between the successive nozzles.

With such an arrangement, the thrust exerted by the gases is transmitted from one nozzle to the next one through these helical partitions b 0 thus prolonged.

In order positively to prevent rotation of the nozzles we may provide, in the outer face of casing e, opposite each of the nozzles b, c, a circular groove 6 in which is engaged a steel wire ring g, constituting a spring. This ring a (Fig. 2) is provided with radial pointed projections 9 extending inwardly, through suitable radial holes provided in the casing into corresponding holes 12 or 0 provided in nozzles b or c, which prevents any rotation of said nozzles. When assembling the parts, it suflices to open the ring slightly by elastically deforming it, in such manner as to force the pointed projections outwardly, so as to permit of fitting the ring in position in a groove e Under the -eifect of the elasticity of the ring, pointed projections g penetrate into the holes of the casing and the nozzle thus preventing relative rotation thereof. Removal of the rings is effected in a similar manner.

We might also (as shown by Fig. 3) provide, in the rear face (0 F) of each nozzle, small recesses c in which would be engaged the front ends of the noses of the helical ridges b 0 so as to prevent rotary displacement of the nozzles.

under the effect of the reaction resulting from the thrust of the gases upon these helical ridges.

Also, it should be well understood that this arrangement might apply to a muzzle check system in which the internal ridges of the nozzles would be parallel to the axis of the barrel instead of being helically' disposed with respect thereto. I

In brakes which are strongly cooled, as those employed in aviation, in which mechanical qualities are more important than resistance to wear, the envelope may be made of a light alloy, preferably containing a high percentage of silicium or another alloy having a coefiicient of expansion approximating that of steel.

In this case, in order to reduce the fatigue of the partitions provided between the gas exhaust apertures of the casing (which fatigue is due to the obliquity of the helical ports), these partitions maybe made parallel to the axis of the weapon.

In all cases, the nozzles will be preferably made of inoxidizable steel, in order to facilitate the removal by sliding.

For the same purpose, the nozzles may have their outer lateral face of slightly conical shape, instead of being cylindrical, the small base of the cone being on the side of the front end of the arm; the bore of the casing will be correspondingly conical.

In a general manner, while we have, in the above description, disclosed that we deem to be practical and efiicient embodiments of the present invention, it should be well understood that we do not wish to be limited thereto as there might be changes made in the arrangement, disposition and form of the parts without departing from the principle of the present invention as comprehended within the scope of the appended claims.

What we claim is:

1. In connection with a firearm having a barrel, a recoil absorber for said firearm which comprises, in combination, a convergent-divergent nozzle fixed directly to the end of said barrel, in line therewith a casing coaxial with said barrel fixed directly to said nozzle, and at least two other convergent-divergent nozzles mounted in said casing, in line with said first mentioned nozzle, said casing being provided with apertures corresponding with the intervals between said nozzles and the front walls of which prolong the rear faces of the respective nozzles so as to form, together with them, deflector surfaces for causing the gases escaping through said intervals and said apertures to flow out in a rearward direction and helical inward ridges carried by each of said nozzles having their front ends prolonged toward the front to engage each the rear part of the next nozzle for keeping said nozzles in correct relative longitudinal spacing relation with respect to one another.

2. A recoil absorber according to claim 1 in which said casing and said nozzles are provided with radial holes adapeed to register with one another when all the parts are in correct relative positions, which further includes elastic steel wire rings adapted to fit radially around said envelope, and inward projections carried by said rings adapted to engage in said corresponding holes of said envelope and said nozzles, so as to lock said part in correct angular position about the axis of said firearm.

3. A recoil absorber according to claim 1 in which the front end prolonged portions of said ridges, located ahead of the front edge of the the inward ridges carried by the preceding nozzle.

NORBERT JULES ANDRE GALLIOT. JEANNE ADRIENNE VICTORINE ANNA CHABLE.

Images