US2218137A - Motor fuel - Google Patents
Motor fuel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2218137A US2218137A US156956A US15695637A US2218137A US 2218137 A US2218137 A US 2218137A US 156956 A US156956 A US 156956A US 15695637 A US15695637 A US 15695637A US 2218137 A US2218137 A US 2218137A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- carbinol
- alcohols
- gasoline
- motor fuel
- fuel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title description 16
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- WVYWICLMDOOCFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-2-pentanol Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)O WVYWICLMDOOCFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- MRMOZBOQVYRSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethyllead Chemical compound CC[Pb](CC)(CC)CC MRMOZBOQVYRSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPTXVXKCQZKFBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N (S)-(-)-1,1'-Bi-2-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C3=C4C=CC=CC4=CC=C3O)=C(O)C=CC2=C1 PPTXVXKCQZKFBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PLSMHHUFDLYURK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4-trimethyl-3-pentanol Chemical compound CC(C)C(C)(O)C(C)C PLSMHHUFDLYURK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IKECULIHBUCAKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethylbutan-2-ol Chemical compound CC(C)C(C)(C)O IKECULIHBUCAKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BAYAKMPRFGNNFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dimethylpentan-3-ol Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)C(C)C BAYAKMPRFGNNFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISTJMQSHILQAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-3-pentanol Chemical compound CCC(O)C(C)C ISTJMQSHILQAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RGCZULIFYUPTAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-Methylhexan-3-ol Chemical compound CCC(O)CC(C)C RGCZULIFYUPTAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZDVJGWXFXGJSIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methylhexan-2-ol Chemical compound CC(C)CCC(C)O ZDVJGWXFXGJSIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical group OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- BWRHOYDPVJPXMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cis-Caran Natural products C1C(C)CCC2C(C)(C)C12 BWRHOYDPVJPXMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 229940087654 iron carbonyl Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- -1 methyl isobutyl Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DFOXKPDFWGNLJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pinacolyl alcohol Chemical compound CC(O)C(C)(C)C DFOXKPDFWGNLJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940065287 selenium compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003343 selenium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
- C10L1/023—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for spark ignition
Definitions
- This invention relates to a composition of matter suitable for motor fuel, and is particularly concerned with gasoline type motor fuels comprising or blended with certain secondary alco- 5 hols which tend' to reduce the knocking of the engine.
- gasoline type fue as used in this specification and the appended claims refers to fuels used in spark ignition engines, ex-
- normally liquid alcohols of six or more carbon atoms having at least two aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals linked to the carbinol group, at least one of which groups is a branched chained aliphatic radical, and boiling within the boiling range of gasoline type fuels, i. e., which boil below about 300 C. are highly useful for reducing the knocking of spark ignition engines, and may be used alone as a motor fuel or as blending agents in gasoline type fuels, because they have relatively high anti-knock properties, and improve the antiknock properties (i. e., they raise the octane number) of the blended fuel.
- the most desirable alcohols are those having from six to ten carbon atoms in the molecule, although higher alcohols which are liquid may also be employed.
- the alcohols have the formula: RC(0H)(R)R" wherein R represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical, such as normal aliphatic, branched chain aliphatic, or cyclic aliphatic, R represents hydrogen or an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical, and R represents a branched chain aliphatic hydrocarbon radical, such as isopropyl, isobutyl, tertiary butyl, isoamyl, and tertiary amyl radicals.
- the aliphatic chains may be saturated or unsaturated.
- alcohols which are poor solvents for water are generally preferred when there is danger of contamination with water. If used in fighting grade aviation gasoline which should have an A. S. T. M. 90% boiling point not above 135? C., alcohols ,of 6 or 7 carbon atoms, especially methyl isobutyl carbinol, are especially desir able; and if used in automotive gasoline having ethyl isopropyl carbinol, methyl isobutyl caran"A. S. T. M. 90% boiling point of not above 200 C., alcohols of 6 to 10 carbon atoms are more useful.
- dimethyl isopropyl carbinol dimethyl tertiary butyl carbinol, ethyl isobutyl carbinol, methyl isoamyl carbinol, di-isopropyl carbinol, and methyl di-isopropyl carbinol.
- methyl isobutyl carbinol is the preferred example.
- metal-organic or organic catalytically acting knock suppressors such as 40 tetraethyl lead, iron carbonyl, nickel carbonyl, organic selenium compounds, aniline, etc., may also be used together with the alcohol in the composition according to thisinvention.
- a gasoline type motor fuel containing from 5 to 60% methyl isobutyl carbinol.
Description
Patented Get. 15, 1940 STATES MOTOR FUEL Frederic M. Pyzel, Piedmont, Califl, assignor to Shell Development Company, San Francisco, Calif., a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application August 2, 1937, Serial No. 156,956
2 Claims.
This invention relates to a composition of matter suitable for motor fuel, and is particularly concerned with gasoline type motor fuels comprising or blended with certain secondary alco- 5 hols which tend' to reduce the knocking of the engine.
The expression gasoline type fue as used in this specification and the appended claims refers to fuels used in spark ignition engines, ex-
0 amplesof such fuels being liquefied normally gaseous hydrocarbons, aviation gasoline, automotive gasoline, and tractor fuel, as well as blends of hydrocarbons with ethyl alcohol, similar. oxygenated hydrocarbons, and the like.
Fighting grade aviation gasoline boils up to about 140 C., automotive gasoline up to about 220 C., and tractor fuel up to about 300 C.
It has now been found that normally liquid alcohols of six or more carbon atoms, having at least two aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals linked to the carbinol group, at least one of which groups is a branched chained aliphatic radical, and boiling within the boiling range of gasoline type fuels, i. e., which boil below about 300 C. are highly useful for reducing the knocking of spark ignition engines, and may be used alone as a motor fuel or as blending agents in gasoline type fuels, because they have relatively high anti-knock properties, and improve the antiknock properties (i. e., they raise the octane number) of the blended fuel. The most desirable alcohols are those having from six to ten carbon atoms in the molecule, although higher alcohols which are liquid may also be employed. As is apparent from the definition given above, the alcohols have the formula: RC(0H)(R)R" wherein R represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical, such as normal aliphatic, branched chain aliphatic, or cyclic aliphatic, R represents hydrogen or an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical, and R represents a branched chain aliphatic hydrocarbon radical, such as isopropyl, isobutyl, tertiary butyl, isoamyl, and tertiary amyl radicals. The aliphatic chains may be saturated or unsaturated. The
alcohols which are poor solvents for water are generally preferred when there is danger of contamination with water. If used in fighting grade aviation gasoline which should have an A. S. T. M. 90% boiling point not above 135? C., alcohols ,of 6 or 7 carbon atoms, especially methyl isobutyl carbinol, are especially desir able; and if used in automotive gasoline having ethyl isopropyl carbinol, methyl isobutyl caran"A. S. T. M. 90% boiling point of not above 200 C., alcohols of 6 to 10 carbon atoms are more useful.
Specific examples of suitable alcohols are:
binol, dimethyl isopropyl carbinol, methyl tertiary butyl carbinol, ethyl isobutyl carbinol, methyl isoamyl carbinol, di-isopropyl carbinol, and methyl di-isopropyl carbinol. Of these methyl isobutyl carbinol is the preferred example.
While the anti-knock value of these pure alcohols is comparatively high, it was found that their greatest value lies in their ability to raise the octane numbers of gasolines, and particularly of gasolines consisting predominantly of non-aromatic hydrocarbons, when blended therewith. For example, upon testing mixtures containing various amounts of methyl isobutyl carbinol and a gasoline having an octane num- 20 her of 43, as determined by the A. S. T. .M. method D-357-34-T were tested, the octane numbers of the blends were as shown in the following table: 1
gases It is understood that these alcohols may be blended with hydrocarbon fuels in any desired proportions; however, the greatest advantage is gained when making blends containing between about 5 and 60% of alcohol.
Small quantities of metal-organic or organic catalytically acting knock suppressors, such as 40 tetraethyl lead, iron carbonyl, nickel carbonyl, organic selenium compounds, aniline, etc., may also be used together with the alcohol in the composition according to thisinvention. r
I claim as my invention:
1. A gasoline type motor fuel containing from 5 to 60% methyl isobutyl carbinol. Y
2. In a process of running a spark ignition engine, the step of subjecting a gasoline type motor fuel containing 5 to methyl isobutyl carbinol to combustion in saidv engine as an antiknock fuel.
FREDERIC M. PYZEL.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US156956A US2218137A (en) | 1937-08-02 | 1937-08-02 | Motor fuel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US156956A US2218137A (en) | 1937-08-02 | 1937-08-02 | Motor fuel |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2218137A true US2218137A (en) | 1940-10-15 |
Family
ID=22561783
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US156956A Expired - Lifetime US2218137A (en) | 1937-08-02 | 1937-08-02 | Motor fuel |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2218137A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3082070A (en) * | 1959-01-28 | 1963-03-19 | Texaco Inc | Motor fuel containing synergistic octane appreciator |
-
1937
- 1937-08-02 US US156956A patent/US2218137A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3082070A (en) * | 1959-01-28 | 1963-03-19 | Texaco Inc | Motor fuel containing synergistic octane appreciator |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US2228662A (en) | Motor fuel | |
| US2046243A (en) | Motor fuel | |
| US2120244A (en) | Treatment of motor fuel | |
| US3030195A (en) | Motor fuels | |
| US1713589A (en) | Low-compression fuel | |
| US2021088A (en) | Motor fuel | |
| US4078901A (en) | Detergent fuel composition | |
| US2087582A (en) | Motor fuel | |
| US2230844A (en) | High octane number motor fuel | |
| US1757837A (en) | Motor fuel | |
| US2218137A (en) | Motor fuel | |
| US3009793A (en) | Motor fuel containing synergistic anti-knock additive | |
| US2184956A (en) | Blending agent for gasoline | |
| US3523769A (en) | Mono-substituted hydrocarbon fuel additives | |
| US2324779A (en) | Motor fuel | |
| US1757838A (en) | Liquid fuel | |
| US1496810A (en) | Fuel composition | |
| US2916366A (en) | Motor fuel composition | |
| US2178403A (en) | Motor fuel | |
| US2985522A (en) | Unleaded motor fuel | |
| US2149033A (en) | Motor fuel | |
| US1666693A (en) | Composition to be used in connection with antiknock compounds | |
| US2406667A (en) | Motor fuels and processes for making same | |
| US3083086A (en) | N-propyl n-butyrate in leaded gasoline | |
| US2078736A (en) | Motor fuel |