US2212110A - Radio beacon system - Google Patents

Radio beacon system Download PDF

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Publication number
US2212110A
US2212110A US157239A US15723937A US2212110A US 2212110 A US2212110 A US 2212110A US 157239 A US157239 A US 157239A US 15723937 A US15723937 A US 15723937A US 2212110 A US2212110 A US 2212110A
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Prior art keywords
seid
energy
antenna
entenne
errey
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Expired - Lifetime
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US157239A
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Beuermann Wilhelm
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Telefunken AG
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Telefunken AG
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/74—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/75—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems using transponders powered from received waves, e.g. using passive transponders, or using passive reflectors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S1/00—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith
    • G01S1/02—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith using radio waves

Definitions

  • the present lnventlon 1s concerned wlth a very na.l will be.received the characterlstlcs of whlch simple radlo be.con arrangement. depend upon the radiatlon pattern o1 the rotatlng For the identlflcatlon or marking 01 certaln antenna system a.s well as upon the number of polnts, lt ha.s been general practlce in, the prlor mvolutlons per mlnute of the rotating antenna.
  • Flg. 2 shows a, rotatable refiector-antenna;
  • es shown in Fig. 3 shows a modlfication of the arra)ngement 8- ac p e 8 prefemb1y l p0rted by a. 25 1' Flg, 2, und horizontal arm radlating from the vertical rotary F1g 4
  • the number of 1 1 am ⁇ 2 h a typical b di i; Qf this lobes in the radlatlon pattern is dependent upon pie.
  • the refiector an the right-hand slde of Fig'. the dlstance at which the dlp 8re Sp apart 70 1 comprises two dlpoles D1 and D2 being mounted a ti upon the number 0f d p0l s in 1J .1 m) 80 a. distance equal to 2x apart.
  • the dlrectlonal .or 8 well 88 up t e W8 Ve e gth that ls chosen for radiatlon characteristlc o1 thls arra.y possesses p t on 0 the system. eight lobes C.
  • the two dlpoles are mounted on In third' emb0dimenll 0f the inventi0n, Es the vertical shaft of a. motor, a.nd are c'ontlnushown in the Plurality 0f dip0le te nas 5 ously r t t d thereby ls replaced by a single vertlcally disposed metallic 5
  • Flg. 1 lt 1s assumed th9t the plate
  • D1Dz 1 flxed radiation pattern are llkewlse rotated.
  • the Othel' embodiments 0f yinv ntlon Will readlly observer ls provlded with a. recelver R also located .Suggefit themselves 150 ⁇ 711058 Skllled in e er: in
  • the radiatlons from the w 13118 8JJOVB p n. t'ransmitter T are preferably made sharply dl- 10181111! rectional by means of an antenna.
  • a non-dlrectlonal 0f rdiant y 8 receivel v g a directional transmlttlng antenna maybe used but m th1s antennalocated adjacent seid source und shlelded ca.se shleldlng means would need to be provided fr t d t s f id y a refle tlnz between the transmlttlng antenna 2 and receiving antenna System located in the p th of seid dlrect antenna 3 so that the latter may not be influenced rays lind l o in 8 i le p l 0n r f fl ln8 by direct radlatlons from the transmitter.
  • the seid mys toward the dlrectional antenna of sald 50 receiving antenna, 3 ma.y also b mad sharply recei ver, seid reflecting antenna system comprlsdlrectlonal in the same manner.
  • a plurality of vertically disposed dipole's the When the antenna, 2 is almed in the direction axes of which are equldlstant from a echter 01' of the reflector D1D2 and the energy ls thus rotatlon. and means for rotatlng sald reflectlng reflected back to the recelvlng antenna.
  • a. sigantenns. system continuously, thereby to rotate 55 the fleld intianaity diezrexn thereot andhence 150 further cberacterized in thet seid reflecting antenne system compiises only two dipoies.;
  • seid trensmitter heving an antenne system for projecting seid energy towerd seid reflecting arrengement, meens ior determining the direction 01 seid reflecting errangement from seid creft, seid meens comprising e receiver mounted an seid creft end hziving e directionel entenne System which is orienteble in the direction oi.
  • seid reflecting errengement, seid receiver beim responsive to varietions in the intensity 015 seid redient energy refiected towerd the receiving entenne by seid refiecting errangement.
  • a system for the location of -e geogrephic point with respect to e remote point o! observetion which comprises. e redio trensmitter und e redio receiver both edjecent seid point 01 observation, means for shielding seid receiver from the direct influence 01 energy radietion i'rom seid transmitter, an entenne errey et seid geogrephic point, seid errey heving e non-uniform field intensity pettern, means Ior ceusing continuous rotetion of seid fleld intensity pettern eboui; e verticel exis, meens for directively propegeting unmoduleted energy !rom seid trensmitter by scenning the horizon with e directionel beem until seid beem strikes seid entenne errey, end meens in seid receiver ior producing e pulseting response to such 013 seid energy es is refleeted back by seid entenne
  • e redio beecon system including an entenne errey roteteble on e verticel axis end having e non-unitorm ileld intensity nettem, seid entenne errey belng conductively isoleted from other redio epparatus
  • the method 011 determining' the direction in which seid entenne errey s tends with respeqt to the locus 01 peopezetion 01 unmoduleted -redient energy, which comprises, directing e beem of seid energy in diiiferent directions untilit strikes seid entenna, errey und isreflected back thereby, receiving seid reiiected energy et e point adjecent the point 01 propagetion, end detecting periodic emplitude verletions in the receiving response due to the rotetion o1 the non-uniform fleld intensity nettem o! seid entenne errey.
  • a redio beecon system comprlsing an erray oi parallel linear entennee mounted in fixed reletion to one another, meens 1or continuously revolving seid entennee through e common orbit eboui: an exis parallel to the entenne exes meens tor directing unmoduleted redient energy towerd seid antenne errey i'rom e remote point, end e receiver edjecent seid remote point, seid receiver being sensitive to moduletion 01 seid radient enersy produced by re-redietion thereoi' by seid entenne errey.
  • a redio beecon system comprising e metallic refiecting' device heving e non-uniform directionel cherecteristic, meens for contlnuously roteting seid device on e verticel axis, end e mobile stetion ior flnding the direction 01 seid device.
  • seid stetion comprising meens remote from seid refledting device for propegeting unmoduleted redient energy towerd seid device, which energy is refiected by seid device with cyclicelly variable intensity in an opposite direction
  • seid stetion comprising further meens edjacent the energypropegeting meens for receiving end detecting the cyclic verietions in the reflected redient energy.
  • a system in eccordence with cleim 11 end further cherecterized in thet seid metellic reflectingdevice is a. verticelly disposed fiel; plete mounted Ior rotetion on e verticel exis which Stands edjecent theticiann lines 01 lts two Ieces.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)

Description

1940- w.- BEUERMANN 2,212110 RADIO BEACON SYSTEM Filed Aug. 4, 1937 4 (PLA TE) INVENTOR W/l HELM B'E'l/fRM/IN ATTORN EY Patented Aug. 20, 1940 I UNlTED STATES PATENT OFFICE RADIO BEACON SYSTEM Wilhelm Benennann, Berlin. Germany, asslgnor to Teletunken Gesellschaft fr Drahtlose Telegraphle m. b. H., Berlin, Germany, a eonboratlon 01 Germany .pplleatlon August 4. man, s.=mu N0. 157,239 In Germany August 15, 1938 12 Clalms. (Cl. 250-11) The present lnventlon 1s concerned wlth a very na.l will be.received the characterlstlcs of whlch simple radlo be.con arrangement. depend upon the radiatlon pattern o1 the rotatlng For the identlflcatlon or marking 01 certaln antenna system a.s well as upon the number of polnts, lt ha.s been general practlce in, the prlor mvolutlons per mlnute of the rotating antenna.
5 art to establish special transmltters or so-called It 1s apparent tha.t the strength of the signals will 6 marker beacons a.t sultable polnts, these transalso vary In aecordance wlth the orlentation of mltters belng provlded wlth aerlals for ra.d1atlng a. the respectlve lobes C df the radiatlon pattern in carrler wave havlng a characterlstlc modulatlon. the directlon of the reoelvlng antenna 3.
A great number of arrangements along 'bhls llne The number f lobes in the radlatlon pattern |0 have been dlsclosed in the earller art. However. an be varled in WO w y Fl ly he dlstance 1 euch of these known arrangements 'comprlses a between the dlpoles D1 and D2 need not necesmodulator-whlch ls in need of permanent attendsarily be exactly 2x but may bear some other relaance tlon to the wave length of the radlant energy The reflector scheme of the present inventlon eam fr0m t e trfl t S y, e num- |5 ls free from the drawbacks just mentioned. The 0f d p0 es In the r0tatlng 8ntenna Syst ay reflector'radio beacon here dlsclosed comprlses a be made more than two es illustrated in F1g. 3.
rota.ting antenna arrangement having a radiatlon n the emb0dlme t 0 my inventi0n Which p dlagram which may be characterlzed es ha.ving a Vides only two dlpoles 111 h r0 a l r flecf;0r definite number of radiation lobes. y wn in 2 these d p y be My lnventlon is lllustrated in the accompansrin: Supported y a horizontal ss- H at the 20 drawlng in which: .center of whlch 1s a vertlcal supportlng shaft W Figure 1 shows a. map of a certaln area. to be whlch comprlses an extenslon to the shaft o1 a. covered by a radio beacon system; motorM.
Flg. 2 shows a, rotatable refiector-antenna; In the u p array 0f p s R, es shown in Fig. 3 shows a modlfication of the arra)ngement 8- ac p e 8 prefemb1y l p0rted by a. 25 1' Flg, 2, und horizontal arm radlating from the vertical rotary F1g 4 Shows t 11 th modlficgtlofi supportlng shaft W. In this case the number of 1 1 am} 2 h a typical b di i; Qf this lobes in the radlatlon pattern is dependent upon Idee. The refiector an the right-hand slde of Fig'. the dlstance at which the dlp 8re Sp apart 70 1 comprises two dlpoles D1 and D2 being mounted a ti upon the number 0f d p0l s in 1J .1 m) 80 a. distance equal to 2x apart. The dlrectlonal .or 8 well 88 up t e W8 Ve e gth that ls chosen for radiatlon characteristlc o1 thls arra.y possesses p t on 0 the system. eight lobes C. The two dlpoles are mounted on In third' emb0dimenll 0f the inventi0n, Es the vertical shaft of a. motor, a.nd are c'ontlnushown in the Plurality 0f dip0le te nas 5 ously r t t d thereby ls replaced by a single vertlcally disposed metallic 5 In the dlagram of Flg. 1 lt 1s assumed th9t the plate As th1s plate ls rotated two lobes of a rotgtdng rei1ector t system D1Dz 1 flxed radiation pattern are llkewlse rotated. The axis in some predetermined'location'and that the enertheSe 10b88 0f 6011TS9 p p dicular t0 the gy to be radlated thereby orlglnates at a. trans- Plane 0f the P 40 mitter T loca.ted on board a moving craft. The Othel' embodiments 0f yinv ntlon Will readlly observer ls provlded with a. recelver R also located .Suggefit themselves 150 {711058 Skllled in e er: in
on board seid crat't. The radiatlons from the w 13118 8JJOVB p n. t'ransmitter T are preferably made sharply dl- 10181111! rectional by means of an antenna. system 2 of any A r8d10 beac0n system Comprising a S0111'ce well known type. Alternatively a non-dlrectlonal 0f rdiant y 8 receivel v g a directional transmlttlng antenna maybe used but m th1s antennalocated adjacent seid source und shlelded ca.se shleldlng means would need to be provided fr t d t s f id y a refle tlnz between the transmlttlng antenna 2 and receiving antenna System located in the p th of seid dlrect antenna 3 so that the latter may not be influenced rays lind l o in 8 i le p l 0n r f fl ln8 by direct radlatlons from the transmitter. The seid mys toward the dlrectional antenna of sald 50 receiving antenna, 3 ma.y also b mad sharply recei ver, seid reflecting antenna system comprlsdlrectlonal in the same manner. Ing a plurality of vertically disposed dipole's the When the antenna, 2 is almed in the direction axes of which are equldlstant from a echter 01' of the reflector D1D2 and the energy ls thus rotatlon. and means for rotatlng sald reflectlng reflected back to the recelvlng antenna. 3, a. sigantenns. system continuously, thereby to rotate 55 the fleld intianaity diezrexn thereot andhence 150 further cberacterized in thet seid reflecting antenne system compiises only two dipoies.;
3. A beecon system eccording to cleim 1 und turther charecterized in thet seid reflectin: entenne aystexn is edepted to produce a. fleld intensity diagrem heving eight Iobes. 4. Aredio beecon system comprising e roteteble metallic reflect'ing ent:enne errengement heving a. non-unii'orxn directive chexecteristic, meens for roteting seid reflecting erzetxge'x'nent continuous- 1y, e redient energy transmitter ca.rried eboerd a. moving crei't, seid trensmitter heving an antenne system for projecting seid energy towerd seid reflecting arrengement, meens ior determining the direction 01 seid reflecting errangement from seid creft, seid meens comprising e receiver mounted an seid creft end hziving e directionel entenne System which is orienteble in the direction oi. seid reflecting errengement, seid receiver beim; responsive to varietions in the intensity 015 seid redient energy refiected towerd the receiving entenne by seid refiecting errangement.
5. A beecon system in eccordence with cleim 4 und. Iurther charecterized in thet seid reflecting arrengement comprisles e multiplicity 01 et least three symmetricelly disposed verticel dipoles.
6. A beecon system in accordence with cleim 4 in which seid reflecting errengement comprises e fiel: metellic platze.
"I. A system for the location of -e geogrephic point with respect to e remote point o! observetion, which comprises. e redio trensmitter und e redio receiver both edjecent seid point 01 observation, means for shielding seid receiver from the direct influence 01 energy radietion i'rom seid transmitter, an entenne errey et seid geogrephic point, seid errey heving e non-uniform field intensity pettern, means Ior ceusing continuous rotetion of seid fleld intensity pettern eboui; e verticel exis, meens for directively propegeting unmoduleted energy !rom seid trensmitter by scenning the horizon with e directionel beem until seid beem strikes seid entenne errey, end meens in seid receiver ior producing e pulseting response to such 013 seid energy es is refleeted back by seid entenne errey.
8. In e redio beecon system including an entenne errey roteteble on e verticel axis end having e non-unitorm ileld intensity nettem, seid entenne errey belng conductively isoleted from other redio epparatus, the method 011 determining' the direction in which seid entenne errey s tends with respeqt to the locus 01 peopezetion 01 unmoduleted -redient energy, which comprises, directing e beem of seid energy in diiiferent directions untilit strikes seid entenna, errey und isreflected back thereby, receiving seid reiiected energy et e point adjecent the point 01 propagetion, end detecting periodic emplitude verletions in the receiving response due to the rotetion o1 the non-uniform fleld intensity nettem o! seid entenne errey.
9. A redio beecon system comprlsing an erray oi parallel linear entennee mounted in fixed reletion to one another, meens 1or continuously revolving seid entennee through e common orbit eboui: an exis parallel to the entenne exes meens tor directing unmoduleted redient energy towerd seid antenne errey i'rom e remote point, end e receiver edjecent seid remote point, seid receiver being sensitive to moduletion 01 seid radient enersy produced by re-redietion thereoi' by seid entenne errey.
10. A system in eccordence with cleim 9 in which seid verticel entennae ere constituted by two dipoles eech mounted for revolution in an orbit whose redius is substentielly equel to the weve length 01 i;he energy to be re-redieted.
11. A redio beecon system comprising e metallic refiecting' device heving e non-uniform directionel cherecteristic, meens for contlnuously roteting seid device on e verticel axis, end e mobile stetion ior flnding the direction 01 seid device. seid stetion comprising meens remote from seid refledting device for propegeting unmoduleted redient energy towerd seid device, which energy is refiected by seid device with cyclicelly variable intensity in an opposite direction, seid stetion comprising further meens edjacent the energypropegeting meens for receiving end detecting the cyclic verietions in the reflected redient energy.
12. A system in eccordence with cleim 11 end further cherecterized in thet seid metellic reflectingdevice is a. verticelly disposed fiel; plete mounted Ior rotetion on e verticel exis which Stands edjecent the medien lines 01 lts two Ieces.
WILHELM BEUERMANN.
US157239A 1936-08-15 1937-08-04 Radio beacon system Expired - Lifetime US2212110A (en)

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Cited By (32)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2426218A (en) * 1942-03-23 1947-08-26 Int Standard Electric Corp Instrument navigation system
US2444031A (en) * 1941-03-08 1948-06-29 Int Standard Electric Corp Electromagnetic wave obstacle detection system
US2453970A (en) * 1941-05-31 1948-11-16 Rca Corp Recognition system for pulse echo radio locators
US2461005A (en) * 1940-04-05 1949-02-08 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Ultra high frequency transmission
US2461181A (en) * 1945-08-08 1949-02-08 Rosenberg Paul Reflecting device
US2463474A (en) * 1945-03-05 1949-03-01 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Air navigation system
US2472212A (en) * 1945-07-09 1949-06-07 Emmett L Hudspeth Method of locating beacons
US2481509A (en) * 1945-09-05 1949-09-13 Paul G Hansel Directional system
US2490050A (en) * 1945-11-07 1949-12-06 Paul G Hansel Navigation system
US2502974A (en) * 1943-05-14 1950-04-04 Us Sec War Blind landing system
US2520008A (en) * 1940-04-05 1950-08-22 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Radio marker system
US2537102A (en) * 1944-07-26 1951-01-09 Stokes Irving Radio system for identifying friendly aircraft and the like
US2543130A (en) * 1946-07-03 1951-02-27 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Reflecting system
US2568265A (en) * 1943-03-18 1951-09-18 Luis W Alvarez Radio beacon and system utilizing it
US2580921A (en) * 1947-10-01 1952-01-01 Rca Corp Radio reflector
US2589249A (en) * 1941-03-07 1952-03-18 Int Standard Electric Corp Direction and distance finding equipment
US2697828A (en) * 1949-12-29 1954-12-21 Standard Oil Dev Co Reflector for electromagnetic waves
US2703881A (en) * 1945-12-10 1955-03-08 Robert J Bergemann Simulated signal source
US2769902A (en) * 1945-10-11 1956-11-06 Irving H Page Receiver for pulse signaling system
US2807798A (en) * 1945-12-18 1957-09-24 Frank G Dunnington Frequency indicator
US2917739A (en) * 1946-01-15 1959-12-15 Halpern Otto Corner reflector
US2918671A (en) * 1946-01-15 1959-12-22 Halpern Otto Identifying reflector with reflection dissymmetry
US2927321A (en) * 1956-01-26 1960-03-01 Donald B Harris Radio transmission systems with modulatable passive responder
US3016532A (en) * 1957-02-25 1962-01-09 Del Mar Eng Lab Tow target
US3019430A (en) * 1957-06-04 1962-01-30 Research Corp Distance-measuring apparatus and method
US3141635A (en) * 1953-02-16 1964-07-21 Marion F Davis Missile guidance system
US3153236A (en) * 1943-06-23 1964-10-13 Rines Robert Harvey System and method for detection
US3172106A (en) * 1960-12-22 1965-03-02 Gen Precision Inc Semi-passive beacon
US3311912A (en) * 1942-12-11 1967-03-28 Verne R Philpott Radar recognition system
US3357014A (en) * 1965-11-29 1967-12-05 Atlas David Standard target radar
US20040252046A1 (en) * 2003-06-12 2004-12-16 Morten Mork System for avoidance of collision between an aircraft and an obstacle
EP2006708A1 (en) * 2007-06-15 2008-12-24 Robert Bosch GmbH Localising system for a robotic vehicle

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2432984A (en) * 1940-04-05 1947-12-23 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electromagnetic wave reflection system

Cited By (35)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2461005A (en) * 1940-04-05 1949-02-08 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Ultra high frequency transmission
US2520008A (en) * 1940-04-05 1950-08-22 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Radio marker system
US2589249A (en) * 1941-03-07 1952-03-18 Int Standard Electric Corp Direction and distance finding equipment
US2444031A (en) * 1941-03-08 1948-06-29 Int Standard Electric Corp Electromagnetic wave obstacle detection system
US2453970A (en) * 1941-05-31 1948-11-16 Rca Corp Recognition system for pulse echo radio locators
US2426218A (en) * 1942-03-23 1947-08-26 Int Standard Electric Corp Instrument navigation system
US3311912A (en) * 1942-12-11 1967-03-28 Verne R Philpott Radar recognition system
US2568265A (en) * 1943-03-18 1951-09-18 Luis W Alvarez Radio beacon and system utilizing it
US2502974A (en) * 1943-05-14 1950-04-04 Us Sec War Blind landing system
US3153236A (en) * 1943-06-23 1964-10-13 Rines Robert Harvey System and method for detection
US2537102A (en) * 1944-07-26 1951-01-09 Stokes Irving Radio system for identifying friendly aircraft and the like
US2463474A (en) * 1945-03-05 1949-03-01 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Air navigation system
US2472212A (en) * 1945-07-09 1949-06-07 Emmett L Hudspeth Method of locating beacons
US2461181A (en) * 1945-08-08 1949-02-08 Rosenberg Paul Reflecting device
US2481509A (en) * 1945-09-05 1949-09-13 Paul G Hansel Directional system
US2769902A (en) * 1945-10-11 1956-11-06 Irving H Page Receiver for pulse signaling system
US2490050A (en) * 1945-11-07 1949-12-06 Paul G Hansel Navigation system
US2703881A (en) * 1945-12-10 1955-03-08 Robert J Bergemann Simulated signal source
US2807798A (en) * 1945-12-18 1957-09-24 Frank G Dunnington Frequency indicator
US2917739A (en) * 1946-01-15 1959-12-15 Halpern Otto Corner reflector
US2918671A (en) * 1946-01-15 1959-12-22 Halpern Otto Identifying reflector with reflection dissymmetry
US2543130A (en) * 1946-07-03 1951-02-27 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Reflecting system
US2580921A (en) * 1947-10-01 1952-01-01 Rca Corp Radio reflector
US2697828A (en) * 1949-12-29 1954-12-21 Standard Oil Dev Co Reflector for electromagnetic waves
US3141635A (en) * 1953-02-16 1964-07-21 Marion F Davis Missile guidance system
US2927321A (en) * 1956-01-26 1960-03-01 Donald B Harris Radio transmission systems with modulatable passive responder
US3016532A (en) * 1957-02-25 1962-01-09 Del Mar Eng Lab Tow target
US3019430A (en) * 1957-06-04 1962-01-30 Research Corp Distance-measuring apparatus and method
US3172106A (en) * 1960-12-22 1965-03-02 Gen Precision Inc Semi-passive beacon
US3357014A (en) * 1965-11-29 1967-12-05 Atlas David Standard target radar
US20040252046A1 (en) * 2003-06-12 2004-12-16 Morten Mork System for avoidance of collision between an aircraft and an obstacle
US7136011B2 (en) * 2003-06-12 2006-11-14 Ocas As System for avoidance of collision between an aircraft and an obstacle
USRE41153E1 (en) 2003-06-12 2010-03-02 Ocas As System for avoidance of collision between an aircraft and an obstacle
USRE42708E1 (en) 2003-06-12 2011-09-20 Ocas As System for avoidance of collision between an aircraft and an obstacle
EP2006708A1 (en) * 2007-06-15 2008-12-24 Robert Bosch GmbH Localising system for a robotic vehicle

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FR825438A (en) 1938-03-03

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