Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
  • C10L1/1691—Hydrocarbons petroleum waxes, mineral waxes; paraffines; alkylation products; Friedel-Crafts condensation products; petroleum resins; modified waxes (oxidised)
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
  • C10G73/00—Recovery or refining of mineral waxes, e.g. montan wax
  • C10G73/02—Recovery of petroleum waxes from hydrocarbon oils; Dewaxing of hydrocarbon oils
  • C10G73/06—Recovery of petroleum waxes from hydrocarbon oils; Dewaxing of hydrocarbon oils with the use of solvents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M1/00—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants
  • C10M1/08—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants with additives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/104—Aromatic fractions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/106—Naphthenic fractions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/108—Residual fractions, e.g. bright stocks
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/135—Steam engines or turbines

Definitions

• the invention relates to a process for reducinfl the pour points of mineral oils or mixtures containing mineral oils, or for the manufacture of such oils having relatively low pour points.
• hydrocarbon oils may show a large increase of viscosity when the temperature is lowered.
• the viscosity may even be increased 10 to the extent of rendering the oil entirely unpourable;
• This so-called “congelatlon” of the lubricating oil is to be ascribed to the crystallizable or otherwise precipitable parafiln wax present therein.
• this paramn :5 wax forms a needle-like structure in the oil, with the result that the latter loses its fluidity. It is'evident that lubricants having this property cannot be used in engines operating at low temperatures.
• hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon mixtures which have been subjected to polymerization or condensation treatment have the efiect of lowering the pour point of oils containing Wm components.
• hydrocarbon mixtures are, for instance, the residues obtained by cracking hydrocarbon oils or the products obtained by polymerizing Edeleanu extracts, either by heating alone or by heating in the presence of catalysts.
• the heatirn must be carried out at atleast a temperature where a cracking of the hydrocarbons at about tilt" 0.; cracked 4L5 residues are obtained under conditions complying with this requirement.
• the 50 active pour point-reducing substances can be concentrated in certain parts or fractions, which must be considered to be the of the pour point-reducing properties. These fractions, which can be separated in various ways s-irom the inactive pyrogenic condensation prodbegins to occur, e. g.
• principal carriers ucts may be best characterized by being insoluble in light hydrocarbon mixtures having a low aro-. matic content.
• the process according to the invention consists in adding to a hydrocarbon oil, containing 5 waxy components, a product which is obtained by separating from a hydrocarbon mixture, which already contains pour point-reducing substances, a fraction rich in such substances which are substantially insoluble in having a low aromatic content.
• this fraction may be separated by precipitating it with a low-boiling naphtha or gasoline, poor in aromatics, or, by means of such other precipitants, as butane, 15 pentane, alcohol-ether mixtures and in general those organic liquids which are or may be used to separate from asphalt and similar residual or tar-like materials the substances known in pc- 7 troleum technology as asphaltenes, with which, 20
• pour point-reducing substances need not by any means be identical.
• various pour point-reducing substances accordlne to the invention are insoluble in benzol, whereas. as,it is known, asphaltenes are soluble therein to $5 some extent.
• aliphatic solvents which expression includes all those solvents which are or may be used to M separate asphaltenes from asphalt and similar residual or tar-like materials.
• the separation of the active substances from mixtures containing them may be efiected by fractionation, combined, if desired, with preoipiw tation by above described means.
• Various fractions obtainedby such combination treatment usually have diderent pour point-reducing activities; some fractions are far moreactive than others; they also may differ in their colours, some, (w being black and others lighter. In many cases the latter will be chosen when it is a question of lowering the pour point of lubricating oil since in that case the colour is not adversely enacted.
• the pour point-reducing activity of substances precipitated by various diluents usually depends upon the precipitant (diluent) used; for instance, with kerosene, as diluent, less material is usually precipitated than with a light naphtha, but sometimes the precipitate appears to be more active. so
• the activity or the pyrogenic condensation products can be increasedby heating.
• This second heating may be carried out under practically non-cracking conditions, e. y. at 350? 0., in contrast to the on hydrocarbon mixtures 10 first heating whereby the pyrogenic condensation products are formed.
• This heating may take place in a closed vessel.
• the pyrogenic condensation products may be subjected to a distillaother known aids to distillation. This distillation results in the concentrating of the active components in the distillation residue (so that later less precipitant is required) and may also cause an increase in the activity of the pyrogenic condensation products, as a result or heating during the distillation. It is evident, that the heating treatment at or about 350 C. and the distillation, as described above, may be combined.
• the pour point-reducing substances may be added to the hydrocarbon oils either in the form in which theyare obtained'or after being dissolved in a solvent; as suitable solvents, hydrocarbon mixtures of' aromatic character, such as Edeleanu extract or tar oil, may be used for mak-' ing relatively concentrated solutions. If solutions of moderate concentration are desired, then, for instance, lubricating oils may be used as solvents.
• moderate heating say at a temperature of about 100 C., may be used.
• the invention is applicable to various types oi. hydrocarbon oils; for instance, the product man- 7 ufactured according to the invention may even be added to crude oils, in order to" prevent a deposit of well wax in the well, or used in the pipelines carrying crude -oils, etc.
• Examples I Edeleanu extract from a Venezuelan lubriating oil fraction was heated at 400 C. under pressure for 4 hours. The product obtained was f evaporated with steam until a volume equalto one-firth of the volume of the original Edeleanu extract was obtained. This latter was treated with an excess of naphtha with boiling range 60-80 C. The separated insoluble fraction was 'found to be 20 times as active, as regards pour point-reducing eilect, than the substances distion either with or without steam, vacuum and solved in the naphtha, which were found to constitute about 50% of the concentrate.
• liquid solvents for the inert portions of such residual products may be successfully used in separating active pour point reducers from pyrogenous condensation products.
• Such solvents which may include various straight run naphthas, preferably boiling below 225 C., or light kerosenes, or alcohols, ethers, mixtures etc., may generally be characterized as being of aliphatic nature, 1. e.
• separation of active-pour point-reducing substances may be accomplished by a method, which permits concentration or such substances separately from a gritty or granular material often found in cracked residues.
• This method consists of precipitating such gritty material by diluting a cracked'residue with a relatively heavy or high boiling diluent, such as distlllates boiling above 225C. and preferably about 300 C. or higher, like stove oil-or gas oil, etc.
• Edeleanu extracts and other oils with similarly high contents of aromatics (15% or above) were found very suitable for separating said gritty material from residues without an extensive loss oi active substances.
• the active pour point reducing substances are usually carried down with the precipitate but the major portion of these substances remains in the diluted oil, or the illtrate, and is then recovered therefrom by precipitation with a light aliphatic precipitant, such as described hereinbefore; the first diluent (high boiling) may be partly or completely distilled out of the filtrate, or liquid portion of the diluted cracked residue, before the low boiling diluent is added thereto.
• a cracked Dubbs residue from cracking a topped crude was diluted with two volumes of a high boiling (rec-290 C.) kerosene distillate (about 20% aromatics) at a temperature below 65 0.; and a precipitate containing gritty particles was filtered oil.
• the filtrate was then mixed with about five volumes oi a pentane fraction of natural gasoline (boiling range 28-38 C.) with the result that a new precipitate separated out, which had a marked power of lowering the pour points of parafin base oils; by adding as little as .2-.5% by weight of this precipitate to an oil having pour point -'7 C., this was lowered to --25 C.
• the first precipitate, which contained said gritty material was also extracted with a light naphtha at about 20 C., and the resulting undissolvecl material was found to be active as a pour point reducer, lowering the pour point of some of the Pennsylvanian lubricating oils by about 8 0. when added in quantities oi about by weight.
• the solution of the remaining wax in the diluted cracked residue was also found to contain the desired active substances.
• This solution was diluted with about five volumes of the pentane traction at an ordinary room temperature of about 20 0.; this caused a precipitate to separate out, which, when it was added in quantity of .5% by weight to the paraflin base oil, caused lowering of its pour point from -7C. to --20 C.
• pour point-reducing substances of this invention may be used, these never need to exceed 1% by weight of the oil being treated.
• a process of concentrating active pour point-reducing substances from a mixture of pvrogenous condensation products from mineral oil the steps oi: diluting the mixture with an. aliphatic solvent, heating the diluted mixture to an elevated temperature, thereby substantially dissolving the inert portion of the original mixture in the solvent; separating the undissolved portion from the mixture, and extracting said portion with an aliphatic solvent at a room temperature, thereby concentrating the desired active substances in a residue which is substantially insoluble in said solvents.
• An improved lubricating oil comprising a blend of absorbcous hydrocarbon oil containing r due; this precipitate the rest of the cracked oil, diluting said products with a relatively low boiling aliphatic solvent, to separate soluble products from insoluble components, separating the insoluble components from the diluent, and then adding the separated insoluble components to the oil containing waxy components in proportion to cause a lowering of its pour point.
• the method 'of treating a hydrocarbon oil containing waxy components to reduce its pour point which comprises digesting a cracked mineral oil residue containing pyrogenous condensation products at an elevated temperature which is below its cracking temperature, and adding the portion of the digested products which has been precipitated therefrom by a low boiling ali-' phatic solvent to said oil containing waxy components in proportion to cause a lowering of its' pour point.
• a process for the production-of pour point depression agents from petroleum pitch which comprises commingling said pitch with naphtha, separating the naphtha and dissolved fractions In from the insoluble residue, commingling the insoluble residue with a lubricating oil fraction and separating the lubricating oil solution of pour point depression agents from the remaining insoluble residue.
• a process for the production of pour point depression agents from petroleum residue which comprises extracting said residue with naphtha, so as to obtain an insoluble portion, and admixing the insoluble portion to' a lubricating oil to dissolve active pour point depression agents from said insoluble portion.
• a process for the production of pour point depression agents from a pitch produced from cracked petroleum which comprises commingling said'pitch with naphtha, separating the naphtha and dissolved fractions from the insoluble residue, cqmming ng the insoluble residue with a lubricating oil fraction and separating the lubricating oilsolution of pour point depression agents from the remaining insoluble residue.
• depression agents froma residue produced from cracked petroleum which comprises extracting said residue with naphtha, sons to obtain an insoluble portion? andfidmixing the insoluble portion to a lubricating oil to dissolve active pour point depression agents from said insoluble por I tion.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

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ID=19873873

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Country Status (2)

Cited By (8)

• 0
  • NL NL38206D patent/NL38206C/xx active
• 1933
  • 1933-09-25 US US690949A patent/US2204967A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

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