US2203755A - Telephone system - Google Patents

Telephone system Download PDF

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Publication number
US2203755A
US2203755A US187505A US18750538A US2203755A US 2203755 A US2203755 A US 2203755A US 187505 A US187505 A US 187505A US 18750538 A US18750538 A US 18750538A US 2203755 A US2203755 A US 2203755A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
relay
over
line
contacts
impulse
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Expired - Lifetime
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US187505A
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English (en)
Inventor
Topfer Herbert
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Siemens and Halske AG
Siemens Corp
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Siemens Corp
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Publication date
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q1/00—Details of selecting apparatus or arrangements
    • H04Q1/18—Electrical details
    • H04Q1/30—Signalling arrangements; Manipulation of signalling currents
    • H04Q1/44—Signalling arrangements; Manipulation of signalling currents using alternate current
    • H04Q1/442—Signalling arrangements; Manipulation of signalling currents using alternate current with out-of-voice band signalling frequencies
    • H04Q1/4423—Signalling arrangements; Manipulation of signalling currents using alternate current with out-of-voice band signalling frequencies using one signalling frequency

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a circuit arrangement for transmitting impulsesby means of alternating current over repeatered lines in telephone systems.
  • the invention makes it possible to use a sensitive receiving relaywhich responds to very little energy and which moreover is independent of the frequency of the alternating current. At the same time the duration of the impulse received is made positively dependent upon the impulse generated at the sending station.
  • switching means areprovided at the sending station which during the transmission of an impulse first transmits half waves inthe one direction and thereupon half waves in the other direction over the line.
  • Relay C by means of its contact lc closes the following circuit for the slow-to-release relay U: earth, contacts lo and 2a, the winding of relay C, battery and earth.
  • Relay U energizes. Itopens its contacts 311. and 4a and closes its contacts 511; and Eu.
  • the rectifier GL is thus connected across the leads of the line.
  • RelayyC causes aseizing impulse to be transmitted over the connecting line VL to the incoming endof the connecting line by locallyenergizinga second winding (not shown) of the impulse receiver relay A...
  • Relay A transmits the alternating current impulse further at its contacts la and 8a in the same manner as the setting impulses which are novv to be described.
  • the setting impulses proceeding fromthe prerelay A energizes the source WQ of alternating current is connected to the connecting line over contacts la and 8a.
  • the rectifier GL connected across the leads of the line over contacts in and En the half waves in the one direction are restrained from passing to the re-.
  • therectifier acts as a shunt.
  • the connecting line VL the connecting line
  • the rectifier is assumed to have such a polarity that in the first place only the positive half waves are transmitted over the connecting line.
  • thepolarized relay J at the incoming end of the line operates its armature and in consequence closes contact 7'.
  • Contact a transmits earth impulses over the a-lead.
  • the release period of relay U can of course also be adjusted so that using an alternating current of 50 cycles three half waves are transmitted over the line first in the one direction and then only one half Wave in the other direction.
  • the release period of relay U must amount to 50 milliseconds in this case.
  • Fig. 1a shows an arrangement in which the relay U of Fig. 1 which switches over the rectifier GL does not release on the reception of an impulse, but is energized. -In order to produce a corresponding operation with this arrangement p it is only necessary to delay the energizingperiod of relay U in a corresponding manner.
  • Fig. 1b shows an embodiment of the invention in which the polarized receiving relay J of Fig.
  • the half waves in the opposite direction-which are received at the end of the impulse then operate relay J2 in a corresponding 'way since the rectifier GL2 connected ini'parallel with 'this relay blocks the passage"ofthese half waves. They pass over the rectifier GLI which is connected in parallel with relayxJ i so thatitpasses, .J I .isf-energized by one set of alternating half the half waves in this direction.
  • the connecting line'VL can be seized'over various approaches.
  • the testing-leads of these approaches are indicated by c-i'c5. These approachescorrespond to the incoming-ends of the connecting line in the directions I-5.
  • this impulse comprises fulhwavealternating current.
  • relay CI On seizing the connecting line over the testing lead cI, relay CI is energized.
  • Relay CI completes the following circuitior relay A: earth, contact IcI, winding II of relay A, contact I2d,
  • Relay A energizes and connects the source WQ of alternating current to the repeater Uel over contacts 3a and 4a. This alternatingcurrent is" transmitted unrectified. It 1 passes over the connecting line VL and the repeater U62 to relays J I and J2 on account of the rectifiers GLI andGLZ connected in the approipria'tersensecinparallel with these relays. Relay wavesof. the alternating current and relay J 2 by the other half waves. Relays J I and J2 do not releaseduring the pauses between the individual half waves. ,”I'he- -pauses rwhena:using .the normal frequency'ior alternating current dialling of 50 cycles amount to milliseconds.
  • the -rectifiers connectedin parallel with each impulse receiving relay constitute a short-circuit for. the relays by means'of which impulses of'the length mentioned are bridged.
  • the alternating current impulse isterminated inv thatcrelay A closes the following circuitafor relay D-atthe outgoingend of the line: "earth,'contact 6a, the windings of relay D,
  • RelayfD' m'akes a delayed operation aftersabout 60 'millise'condsso that-the impulse isgiven. a sufficient duration.
  • Relay'D breaks the circuit of .relay A by opening its contact -I2d.
  • -Relay+A releases--and'thereby terminates the impulse.
  • Relay D.'holdsiup afterrelay A has released in the followir'ng: circuit: earth,
  • Relay Z closes its contact 59avand thus seizes the outlet I.
  • Relay G also energizes.
  • Relay G by openingcontact fi igprevents any further influencing of the switching meansprovided'for 1 characterizing the outletby the further setting impulses transmitted for the-establishment of the connection.
  • the further impulses forisetting the switches energize winding I of relay 'A in the outgoing end of the line.
  • the impulses are "transmitted as full wave alternating j current impulses over 'the connecting line .VL through the closing of contacts 3a and. 4a.
  • "At the incoming and relays J I. and J2 are energized by the impulses and thus "the'impulsesaretransmitted for example over the usualwhen using alternating current dialling by means. of a long releasing impulse. This is initiated by the release of the seizing relay Cl, whenrelay A is energized fora prolonged time over winding 11 in amannerwhich is not indicated.
  • Contacts 3a. and 4a transmit a prolonged alternating current impulse over the connecting line VL.
  • Relays J l and J2 at the incoming end of the line are accordingly energized for a prolonged period.
  • relay B At contacts 699T and Illgi2 relay B is short-circuited and releases.
  • Relay V also breaks the locking circuit of relay E which lies in ⁇ parallel with it.
  • Relay-E releases and initiates the release of the locking circuit of relay fand of the switchingmeans in the repeater Ue2.
  • Relay A applies alter- Cal tacts 3a. and 4a. relay D over contact 6a, the lattera'gain internating currentto the connecting line over con- In addition relay A connects rupting theseizing impulses.
  • Relay C2 closes its contact I302 and thus connects therectifier GL across the leads of the line. This establishes a short-circuit for the negative half waves of alternating current, the circuit for which is as follows: source WQ of alternating current; contacts sistance Wr, contacts 22m, 2470,2803, and 4a,
  • the positive half-waves pass over the winding of the repeater Uel and thus over the connecting line VL to therepeater Uc2 at the incoming end of the line.
  • relay J2 closes the following circuit: earth, contacts My, 4071, M72, the winding of relay Y, battery and earth.
  • relays. B and E are energized over contact 1092 and holdup throughout the duration of the call.
  • relay Y locks up in the following circuit: earth, contacts 43c, 48g and 13; the winding of relay Y, 'battery' and earth.
  • Relay Y closes its contact Elly and thus seizes the outlet 2. Inthe seizing circuit relay G energizes again.
  • Relay Gby opening contact 64g prevents the relay provided for characterizing the direction from being influenced by the further impulses. 1 e
  • relay J l inthe following circuit: secondary repeater winding Ue2, winding of relay J l, the rectifier GL2 and back to therepeater windings.
  • the rectifier GLI in parallel with relay J l blocks :the passage of the incoming half waves in this case.
  • Relay J I completes the following circuit: earth, contacts My, MjI My and 4512, the
  • relay J I energizes the seizing relays B and E over contact 6971. Afterthe release of relay JI relay X holds up in the following circuit: earth, contacts 41c, 46:1: and 12h, the winding of relay X, battery and earth. Relay Xthrough closing its contact Blr, seizes the outlet 3.
  • the relay D which is very slow to energizeenergizes andterminates the seizing Relay C4 connects the rectifier GL across theleads of the line so that it constitutes a short-circuit for the half waves in the negativedirection.
  • the short-circuit is as follows:
  • This shunt circuit runs as follows: source WQ of alternating current, contacts 40.,
  • Relay J2 completes a circuit for relay Y at contact 4l9'2. Relay Y takes about 15 ms. to energize. Therefore since relay J2 is energized for a longer timeit L can energize in this case. Relays B and E are,
  • relay Y locks up over contact 483/ independently of relay J2.
  • the negative half waves following the positive half waves energize relay J .l in the incoming repeater Ue2.
  • Relay Q earth, contacts 64g, 4271, and 49y, the winding of relay battery and earth.
  • Relay Q after energizing locks up in thecircuit: earth, contacts 532 and 53g, the winding of relay'Q, battery and earth.
  • Relay Q breaks thelockirig circuit for relay Y by opening its contact 1311.
  • Relay M takes the same time toenergize as its relayK, i.;-e., about l0 ms. It1reverses the connection of the rectifier GL after a number of negative half waves have ,beentransmitted over the line in such away thatnow a short-circuit is provided for these half :waves and-the half waves in the positive-senseare transmitted over the connecting line.
  • the short-circuit for the negativehalf .--wa-ves established by relay M is as follows: earth, 'contactsf3a and 11m, the rectifier GL, resistance Wr, contacts 23m andfiaandsource WQ of alternating current.
  • relay J I At the incoming end of the line relay J I. is energizedby thenegativehalf waves occurring at the commencement 'of the impulse.
  • Relay J l completes a circuit for relay X over contact42gil'. Like relay Y it takes approximately 15 ms. to. energize.
  • Relay Jl also energizes relaysB and E over contact-.69a'l.
  • -A fter relay J l has released relayX locks up-as. already described over its con-.
  • relay H earth, contacts 64g, .4271, 44y, 5M2, 5hr, the winding of .relay-l-I, battery and earth. After relays -Jl and -J2. havev energized relay H locks up in circuit:
  • Relay H closes contact 63h and thus seizesthe outlet 5. At the same time contact. 72h.
  • Figs. 4.and 5 showrembodiments for characterizing differenttrafiicdirections. As regardsthe fundamentalmode of operation these arrangements do notdifier from-thoseof Fig. 2 and Figs.
  • Fig. 4 It may be stated for the sake of clarity that two rectifiers GR! .and GRZ are shown in I These can; however, be replaced by a single rectifierin thesame manner;;as in Fig. 5, the-circuit being modified correspondingly.
  • the relays C4 and CI in series energize. .
  • the relay CI. switches on relay A over contact :1 cl .which .applies alternating current WQ to theprimarywindings of the, outgoing repeater Uel over. its contacts 3a and4a.
  • Previ- 1 ously a direct currentcircuit was completed over the primary winding of the repeater Uel over; contacts-3404 and:35c4: earth-, battery, contacts .3404, v3605 and 2a, the-primary windings of the repeater Uel, contactsa5a, 3905 and 3504 and earth.
  • This direct current premagnetizes the repeater Uel in a definite sense this being opposite to that-of thepositive half waves which are'now transmitted.
  • the magnetizing circuit is broken by the energizing of relay A which opens its contacts. 2a and. 5a. At the same time contact 8la is closed so that the rectifier GRI is connected across the leads ofthe line by way of contacts 32 d,,8la, 2'07c,.24k.and I504.
  • The'rectifier GRI blocks the positive half waves while transmitting the negativehalf waves.
  • the ,positive half waves are transmitted over there peater Uel and the connecting line VL. Since after va time the.
  • slow operating relay K is energized in the following circuit: earth, the winding of relay K, contacts .811, I004 and lid, battery andearth, the rectifier GR! is now connected via contacts 2ilc-and 25k in the reversed sense between the leads ofthe line. The result ofthis is that now instead of the positive half waves .negative halfwavesare-transmitted over the repeater Uel 1and the connecting line. Thevery;
  • Relay C5 completes the fol-j If. the connecting line VL is seized over the 1 bridge 05 the relays C5.and Cl disposed in series Relay Cl switches on relay A lowing directcurrent circuit; overprimary wind-" ing of the outgoingrepeatervUelz earth, battery, contacts38c5, 5a, the primary windings of the lOf" repeater Uel, contacts 2a and31c5 andearth.
  • The. rectifierGRZ kpasses the positive half waves of alternating current while the negative half waves are trans I mitted over the repeater Uel, and the connecting, line VL. Since after a certain time relay M energizes in the followingcircuit: earth, the
  • rectifier GRZ is now disposed between? the leads oi the line in, the positive sense. Theresult of wzthis is that now instead of the negative half Waves one or more positive half waves are transmittedover the rectifier Uel and the'connecting line VL. At the incoming endof the connecting line theioutlet 6 is characterized byla succession of negative and positive half waves. The characterizing impulse is terminated by the very.
  • Relay A breaks the above ,circuitby opening its contacts 2atand 5a..
  • Relay C5 also closes its contacts I905, 20c5and 2605 sothat the rectifier GL is bridged across the leads of the line, this time in such a Way that the negative half waves pass over the rectifier GL.
  • the circuit for the negative half Waves is as follows: source WQ of alternating current, resistance of 5,000 ohms, contacts 3805, 5a, 3301, Med, 18M, 2005 and Him, the rectifier GL resistance contacts 22m, fi ial, 29:34, Za and 3105, resistance of 5,000ohms and source WQ of alternating current.
  • half-Waves source WQ of alternating current, resistance of 1000 ohms, contacts 311, 1905, 22k, l9al, 2005, Mint, ,refctifier :GL, resistance WT, contacts 22m, 850, r 251e, 2605 and 4a, resistance of 1,000 ohms and i i i source WQ of alternating current.
  • relay M energizes over: earth, the winding of relay M, contacts 29a, 3005 and 3l'd,,battery and earth.
  • Relay M opens its ofthe line-so that the negative' half waves pass over; the rectifier and the positive half wavesover the repeater Uel.
  • a train of negative half .waves followed by a positive impulse serves to characterizethe outlet 5 as shown in Fig. 36. The characterizing impulse is terminatedby relay D as already described.
  • An impulse sender including. meansfor-generating alternating current, a rectifier for, block:
  • In ⁇ aisignalling fsystem a line, means responsiveto'. spaced apart impulses and effective to impress alternating current upon said'linelcontinuou'slyI during" each fimpulse, change 'over means having two. positionsand occupying each of said positions at sometime during each mpulse, and 'meansfor preventing the flow of current in one direction over' saidline when said last means is in o'ne'positio'n and for preventing the flow of current in the'opposite direction over said line when said" last means is in the other position.
  • a line circuit means 1 responsive to spaced apart impulses and effective to impressalternating current upon said line cirfier connected in said line circuit in one sense during the first portion of each impulse thereby to prevent the transmission thereover of current in onedirection, and means operated'a predetermined interval'of time after the beginning of each impulse to connect said rectifier in the line circuit in the opposite sense thereby. to prevent the transmission thereover of current in the oppositedirection during the remainder of theimpulse.
  • electromagnetic means operated periodically by a succession of spaced apart primary impulses of current, a line,
  • An impulse repeater includinga source of alternating current, means operated by received impulses to derive pulsating direct current of either positive or negative polarity from said alterna'ting currentand to transmit impulses corresponding to the received impulses, each transmitted impulse comprising a plurality of pulsations of said direct current, and means controlled by said last means causing certain of said plurality of pulsations to be of one polarity and certain to be of the opposite polarity.
  • the transmitted impulses pass through saidffirst' means for an interval of the primary; winding of atransiormer; and wherein the first:pulsationvof a transmitted 'im-* pulse may berof, either positive 'or'negative polarity, means for "passing current through theprimary windinggof' said transformer prior to said positive polarity-,attimes -and of negative polarity at'other times,and means for premagnetizing said transformergprior to eachinterval, said.premagnetization bei-ngzin. one. direction'xor in the opposite direction ;depending upon the" polarity :of the first pulsation of said. current to follow thereafter.
  • a transformer signal receiving means connected to the secondary winding of said transformer, means for generating' alternating current and forderiving pulsating directcurrentofeither positive or negative polaritytherefrom, means controlling said last means first to 'impresspulsating direct current of a 1 particular value and of either polarity upon" the primary'winding of said transformer to pre-- magnetize the same and then to impressupon said primary winding pulsating directcurrentof a different valueand of the oppositepolarity to that'first impressed, thereby to 'actuatesaid signal receiving means.
  • a signalling line including two inductively associated line sections, a polarized signal receiving device connected to one of said line sections, a source of alternating current connected periodically to the other line section, a rectifier blocking the transmission of current in one direction over said line from said source to said device, and means for reversing said rectifier at least once during each period said source is connected to the line.
  • means for seizing said relay set over any of a plurality of paths means for generating alternating current, means for blocking the transmission of either the positive or the negative portion of said alternating current, and means operative responsive to seizure of the relay set to control said last two means to transmit an impulse over the trunk line, said impulse comprising alternating current generated by said second means or pulsating direct current derived from said altere hating current, depending upon the path over which said relay set was seized.
  • means for seizing said relay set over any of a plurality of paths means for generating alternating current, means for blocking the transmission of either the positive or the negative portion of said alternating current, and means operative responsive to seizure of the relay set to control said last two means to transmit an impulse over the trunk line, said impulse comprising either the positive portion of the current generated by said second means for an interval of time followed by the negative portion of the current generative by said second means for an interval of time, or the negative portion of the current generated by said second means for an interval of time followed by the positive portion of the current generated by said second means for an interval of time, depending upon the path over which said relay set was seized.

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US187505A 1937-01-30 1938-01-28 Telephone system Expired - Lifetime US2203755A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2552780A (en) * 1945-01-30 1951-05-15 Automatic Elect Lab Two-way loop and earth current signaling system
US2579469A (en) * 1939-03-24 1951-12-25 Int Standard Electric Corp Revertive calling party line system
DE760807C (de) * 1941-02-08 1954-05-24 Siemens & Halske A G Schaltungsanordnung zur Induktivwahl in Fernmeldeanlagen, insbesondere Fernsprechanlagen

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2579469A (en) * 1939-03-24 1951-12-25 Int Standard Electric Corp Revertive calling party line system
DE760807C (de) * 1941-02-08 1954-05-24 Siemens & Halske A G Schaltungsanordnung zur Induktivwahl in Fernmeldeanlagen, insbesondere Fernsprechanlagen
US2552780A (en) * 1945-01-30 1951-05-15 Automatic Elect Lab Two-way loop and earth current signaling system

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Publication number Publication date
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