US2200383A - Textile material and method of making same - Google Patents
Textile material and method of making same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2200383A US2200383A US200433A US20043338A US2200383A US 2200383 A US2200383 A US 2200383A US 200433 A US200433 A US 200433A US 20043338 A US20043338 A US 20043338A US 2200383 A US2200383 A US 2200383A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- saponifying
- fabric
- cellulose
- saponification
- fabrics
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title description 13
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 title description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 44
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 21
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 16
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000010665 pine oil Substances 0.000 description 13
- 150000002895 organic esters Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 6
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical class [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010037867 Rash macular Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920013683 Celanese Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DQEFEBPAPFSJLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cellulose propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OCC1OC(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C1OC1C(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C(OC(=O)CC)C(COC(=O)CC)O1 DQEFEBPAPFSJLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- -1 amine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003868 ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003796 beauty Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001727 cellulose butyrate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006218 cellulose propionate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009967 direct dyeing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000266 injurious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004627 regenerated cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004418 trolamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/36—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/38—Oxides or hydroxides of elements of Groups 1 or 11 of the Periodic Table
- D06M11/385—Saponification of cellulose-acetate
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F2/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
- D01F2/24—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from cellulose derivatives
- D01F2/28—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from cellulose derivatives from organic cellulose esters or ethers, e.g. cellulose acetate
Definitions
- This invention relates to the treatment of fabrics, yarns, filaments and like textile materials containing an organic ester of cellulose with a saponifying agent to obtain fabrics, yarns and filaments having an afiinity for acid and basic dyestuffs employed in dyeing and printing cotton fabrics which dyestuffs have little or no aflinity for organic derivative of cellulose material.
- An object of the invention is the saponification of fabrics, particularly those formed from yarns containing an organic ester of cellulose, which yarns have a high degree of twist or offer resistance to the penetration of fluid treating mediums for other reasons.
- fabrics formed from organic esters of cellulose yarns may be saponified by treatment with a base or a basic salt and that such saponified fabrics develop an afiinity for cotton dyestuffs depending upon the extent of saponification and upon the type of saponiflcation treatment.
- saponification For the purpose of producing cellulose acetate fabrics to be dyed or printed with cotton dyestuffs (direct dyeing acid or vat dyestuffs), it is customary to saponify a cellulose acetate fabric until there is a weight loss of from 10 to 15% although lesser and greater weight losses are regularly effected, say from 5 to 20% or more.
- a weight loss of from 10 to 15% although lesser and greater weight losses are regularly effected, say from 5 to 20% or more.
- crepe fabrics and other fabrics normally diflicult to penetrate with saponifying bath's may be uniformly saponified by adding pine oil to the saponifying bath.
- Another advantage of this invention is that any type of saponification may be produced.
- the speed of saponification controls the type of saponification, i. e. whether the saponification is limited to the surface of the filaments or fibers that make up the yarn, or whether the saponification is through and through saponification.
- Prior to this invention it was necessary to treat crepe fabrics, tafietas and satin fabrics with a slow saponifying bath for long periods of time to obtain uniform saponification. This resulted in a low dye aflinity change per weight loss.
- a saponifying agent such as alkali, or ammonia hydroxides or carbonates, or organic ammonium or amine compounds having saponifying properties, or inorganic or organic salts having a saponifying action.
- suitable saponifying agents are sodium, potassium or ammonia hydroxide, carbonate or acetate; dior tri-ethanolamine; secondary and tertiary alkyl substituted ammonium compounds, etc.
- the degree of saponification may be from less than 3% by weight loss to substantially complete saponification.
- the invention is particularly applicable to saponification which eifects a weight loss of from 5 to 20%, based upon the weight of the organic ester of cellulose in the fabric, and to a quick saponification which greatly modifies the surface of the filaments and leaves the center of the filaments substantially unchanged.
- This produces a fabric having an afiinity for cotton dyestuffs yet one which retains to a. great extent the thermoplastic properties of the derivative of cellulose and which retains the original properties of the fabric with respect to beauty of drape, luster, hand, etc.
- This invention is applicable to textile materials such as fabrics,'yarns, etc., that are made of or contain organic esters of cellulose.
- organic esters of cellulose are cellulose acetate, cellulose formate, cellulose propionate and cellulose butyrate.
- Fabrics may be made entirely of yarns containing organic esters of cellulose or they may be formed from such yarns together with yarns of other materials such as reconstituted or regenerated cellulose, cotton, wool,
- the invention is of especial importance in the saponification of crepe fabrics which may contain, besides the organic ester of cellulose threads, threads of regenerated or reconstituted cellulose. These may alternate in any desired manner to produce the crepe effect desired.
- a fabric formed of substantially all organic ester of cellulose yarns may be saponifled by cmploying a winch, the treating bath of which may comprise from 1 to 20 or more times the weight of thefabric of water containing from 5 to 20% or more, based on the weight of the fabric, of a saponifying agent equivalent in strength to that of sodium hydroxide.
- This aqueous bath also contains from 0.5 to 2 grams per liter of pine oil. The time and temperature of the bath may be so regulated to give the desired degree and type of saponification.
- the pine oil in the bath prevents the fabric from floating andalso effects a rapid penetration of the saponifying agent into the interstices of the fabric.
- soap Although one or more grams per liter of soap may be employed, it is pref erable to use only the pine oil as the penetrating agent as soap tends to froth and prevent the fabric from sinking. The floating of the fabric, due to the froth formed when employing soap, tends to create a blotchy pattern and warn streaks where the saponifying agent has not had a chance to act upon the fabric for the same length of time as that part of the fabric which is not caused to float.
- Example 100 pounds of fabric made by weaving yarns of cellulose acetate twisted to turns per inch is treated on the winch with a bath containing 25 gallons of water, 12 pounds of sodium carbonate and 1 gram per liter of pine oil. The fabric is treated at room temperature for two hours, ef-
- the fabric is dyed with a cotton dyeing dyestufi and the fabric thus dyed is of uniform color, free of blotchiness and warp streaks pro prised by uneven dye affinity.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Coloring (AREA)
Description
Patented May 14, I940 UNITED STATES TEXTILE MATERIAL AND LIETHOD OF MAKING SAME Cyril M. Croft, Cumberland, Md., assignor to Celanese Corporation of America, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application April 6, 1938, Serial No. 200,433
6 Claims.
This invention relates to the treatment of fabrics, yarns, filaments and like textile materials containing an organic ester of cellulose with a saponifying agent to obtain fabrics, yarns and filaments having an afiinity for acid and basic dyestuffs employed in dyeing and printing cotton fabrics which dyestuffs have little or no aflinity for organic derivative of cellulose material.
An object of the invention is the saponification of fabrics, particularly those formed from yarns containing an organic ester of cellulose, which yarns have a high degree of twist or offer resistance to the penetration of fluid treating mediums for other reasons. Other objects of this inventiop will appear from the following detailed description.
It is known that fabrics formed from organic esters of cellulose yarns may be saponified by treatment with a base or a basic salt and that such saponified fabrics develop an afiinity for cotton dyestuffs depending upon the extent of saponification and upon the type of saponiflcation treatment. For the purpose of producing cellulose acetate fabrics to be dyed or printed with cotton dyestuffs (direct dyeing acid or vat dyestuffs), it is customary to saponify a cellulose acetate fabric until there is a weight loss of from 10 to 15% although lesser and greater weight losses are regularly effected, say from 5 to 20% or more. In methods employed prior to my invention, only certain types of fabric, i. e. those which are readily penetrated by the saponification fluid,- could be saponified, especially on a winch. Other types of fabrics, when dyed, were blotchy or streaked ,due to uneven s'aponification or non-uniform type of saponification. For instance, great difficulty was experienced in uniformly saponifying crepe fabrics formed of highly twisted (about turns per inch) yarn and closely woven taffetas and satins. I have found that crepe fabrics and other fabrics normally diflicult to penetrate with saponifying bath's may be uniformly saponified by adding pine oil to the saponifying bath.
Another advantage of this invention is that any type of saponification may be produced. The speed of saponification, among other things, controls the type of saponification, i. e. whether the saponification is limited to the surface of the filaments or fibers that make up the yarn, or whether the saponification is through and through saponification. Prior to this invention it was necessary to treat crepe fabrics, tafietas and satin fabrics with a slow saponifying bath for long periods of time to obtain uniform saponification. This resulted in a low dye aflinity change per weight loss. Long saponification treatments not only produce a through and through'type of saponification, which is not always desired, but also are likely to be injurious to the fabric, especially when treating crepe fabrics prior to their treatment in creping baths. However, I have found that with the use of pine oil in the bath it is not necessary to saponify slowly by cooling the bath and/or diluting the concentration of effective saponifying agents to obtain a uniform saponification. By employing this invention, uniform saponification may be obtained employing more concentrated effective saponifying agents, thus greatly reducing the time of treatment of the fabric in the bath.
In accordance with my invention, I saponify fabrics or other textile materials made of or containing an organic ester of cellulose by treating the same with a bath containing pine oil and a saponifying agent such as alkali, or ammonia hydroxides or carbonates, or organic ammonium or amine compounds having saponifying properties, or inorganic or organic salts having a saponifying action. Examples of suitable saponifying agents are sodium, potassium or ammonia hydroxide, carbonate or acetate; dior tri-ethanolamine; secondary and tertiary alkyl substituted ammonium compounds, etc. The degree of saponification may be from less than 3% by weight loss to substantially complete saponification. However, the invention is particularly applicable to saponification which eifects a weight loss of from 5 to 20%, based upon the weight of the organic ester of cellulose in the fabric, and to a quick saponification which greatly modifies the surface of the filaments and leaves the center of the filaments substantially unchanged. This produces a fabric having an afiinity for cotton dyestuffs yet one which retains to a. great extent the thermoplastic properties of the derivative of cellulose and which retains the original properties of the fabric with respect to beauty of drape, luster, hand, etc.
This invention is applicable to textile materials such as fabrics,'yarns, etc., that are made of or contain organic esters of cellulose. Examples of organic esters of cellulose are cellulose acetate, cellulose formate, cellulose propionate and cellulose butyrate. Fabrics may be made entirely of yarns containing organic esters of cellulose or they may be formed from such yarns together with yarns of other materials such as reconstituted or regenerated cellulose, cotton, wool,
silk, etc. The invention is of especial importance in the saponification of crepe fabrics which may contain, besides the organic ester of cellulose threads, threads of regenerated or reconstituted cellulose. These may alternate in any desired manner to produce the crepe effect desired.
A fabric formed of substantially all organic ester of cellulose yarns may be saponifled by cmploying a winch, the treating bath of which may comprise from 1 to 20 or more times the weight of thefabric of water containing from 5 to 20% or more, based on the weight of the fabric, of a saponifying agent equivalent in strength to that of sodium hydroxide. This aqueous bath also contains from 0.5 to 2 grams per liter of pine oil. The time and temperature of the bath may be so regulated to give the desired degree and type of saponification. The pine oil in the bath prevents the fabric from floating andalso effects a rapid penetration of the saponifying agent into the interstices of the fabric. Although one or more grams per liter of soap may be employed, it is pref erable to use only the pine oil as the penetrating agent as soap tends to froth and prevent the fabric from sinking. The floating of the fabric, due to the froth formed when employing soap, tends to create a blotchy pattern and warn streaks where the saponifying agent has not had a chance to act upon the fabric for the same length of time as that part of the fabric which is not caused to float.
As an illustration of my invention, but without being limited thereto, the following example is given:
Example 100 pounds of fabric made by weaving yarns of cellulose acetate twisted to turns per inch is treated on the winch with a bath containing 25 gallons of water, 12 pounds of sodium carbonate and 1 gram per liter of pine oil. The fabric is treated at room temperature for two hours, ef-
fecting a weight loss to the fabric of between 10 and 15%. The fabric is dyed with a cotton dyeing dyestufi and the fabric thus dyed is of uniform color, free of blotchiness and warp streaks pro duced by uneven dye affinity.
It is to be understood that the foregoing detailed description is merely given by way of illustration and that many variations may be made therein without departing from the spirit of my invention.
Having described my invention, what I desire to secure by Letters Patent is:
1. In a process-of saponifying textile materials containing an organic ester of cellulose, the steps of subjecting the fabric to a saponifying bath consisting of a saponifying agent and pine oil.
2. In a process of saponifying textile materials containing cellulose acetate, the steps of subjecting the fabric to a saponlfying bath consisting of a saponifying agent and pine oil.
3. In a process of saponifying textile materials containing an organic ester of cellulose, the steps of subjecting the fabric to a saponifying bath consisting of a saponifying agent and 0.5 to 2 grams per liter of pine oil.
4. In a process of saponifying textile materials containing cellulose acetate, the steps of subjecting the fabric to a saponifying bath consisting of a saponifying agent and 0.5 to 2 grams per liter of pine oil.
5. In a process of saponifying textile materials containing cellulose acetate, the steps of subjecting the fabric to a saponifying bath consisting of sodium carbonate and pine oil.
I 6. In a process of saponifying textile materials containing cellulose acetate, the steps of subjecting the fabric to a saponifying bath consisting of sodium carbonate and 0.5 to 2 grams per liter of pine oil.
CYRIL M. CROFT.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US200433A US2200383A (en) | 1938-04-06 | 1938-04-06 | Textile material and method of making same |
| GB10764/39A GB527328A (en) | 1938-04-06 | 1939-04-06 | Improvements in the saponification of textile materials containing an organic ester of cellulose |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US200433A US2200383A (en) | 1938-04-06 | 1938-04-06 | Textile material and method of making same |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2200383A true US2200383A (en) | 1940-05-14 |
Family
ID=22741706
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US200433A Expired - Lifetime US2200383A (en) | 1938-04-06 | 1938-04-06 | Textile material and method of making same |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2200383A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB527328A (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2220881B (en) * | 1988-04-28 | 1992-07-08 | Toyo Boseki | Improvements in or relating to superabsorbent materials |
-
1938
- 1938-04-06 US US200433A patent/US2200383A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1939
- 1939-04-06 GB GB10764/39A patent/GB527328A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB527328A (en) | 1940-10-07 |
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