US2199872A - Automatic firearm - Google Patents

Automatic firearm Download PDF

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Publication number
US2199872A
US2199872A US202548A US20254838A US2199872A US 2199872 A US2199872 A US 2199872A US 202548 A US202548 A US 202548A US 20254838 A US20254838 A US 20254838A US 2199872 A US2199872 A US 2199872A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
pawl
breech
pin carrier
breech block
casing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US202548A
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English (en)
Inventor
Birkigt Marc
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
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Publication of US2199872A publication Critical patent/US2199872A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A19/00—Firing or trigger mechanisms; Cocking mechanisms
    • F41A19/06—Mechanical firing mechanisms, e.g. counterrecoil firing, recoil actuated firing mechanisms
    • F41A19/25—Mechanical firing mechanisms, e.g. counterrecoil firing, recoil actuated firing mechanisms having only slidably-mounted striker elements, i.e. percussion or firing pins
    • F41A19/27—Mechanical firing mechanisms, e.g. counterrecoil firing, recoil actuated firing mechanisms having only slidably-mounted striker elements, i.e. percussion or firing pins the percussion or firing pin being movable relative to the breech-block
    • F41A19/29—Mechanical firing mechanisms, e.g. counterrecoil firing, recoil actuated firing mechanisms having only slidably-mounted striker elements, i.e. percussion or firing pins the percussion or firing pin being movable relative to the breech-block propelled by a spring under tension
    • F41A19/30—Mechanical firing mechanisms, e.g. counterrecoil firing, recoil actuated firing mechanisms having only slidably-mounted striker elements, i.e. percussion or firing pins the percussion or firing pin being movable relative to the breech-block propelled by a spring under tension in bolt-action guns
    • F41A19/31—Sear arrangements therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A3/00—Breech mechanisms, e.g. locks
    • F41A3/12—Bolt action, i.e. the main breech opening movement being parallel to the barrel axis
    • F41A3/36—Semi-rigid bolt locks, i.e. having locking elements movably mounted on the bolt or on the barrel or breech housing
    • F41A3/38—Semi-rigid bolt locks, i.e. having locking elements movably mounted on the bolt or on the barrel or breech housing having rocking locking elements, e.g. pivoting levers or vanes
    • F41A3/40—Semi-rigid bolt locks, i.e. having locking elements movably mounted on the bolt or on the barrel or breech housing having rocking locking elements, e.g. pivoting levers or vanes mounted on the bolt

Definitions

  • This v movable breech structure includes two elements 10 movable axially relatively to each other. One of these elements constitutes the breech block proper and the other carries the firing pin.
  • the breechv block is fitted with a pawl capable either of locking the two breech elements together, as long as l the breech block has not reached the .end of' its frontward stroke, or of locking said breech block with said gun (and especially the breech casing) when said breech block occupies said extreme frontward position, then simultaneously releasgo ing said iiring pin carrier from the breech block whereby said carrier can further move in the frontward direction so that the firing pin strikes the cartridge.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a gun of the type above described which w avoids this drawback and is better adapted to meet the requirements of practice than similar guns made up to the present time.
  • I provide, in the known manner, the firing pin carrier and the pawl carried by the breech block with corresponding projections adapted to cooperate together so as to ensure, at the time of the rearward movement of said carrier with respect to said breech block, a displacement of said pawl which disengages said breech block from locking engagement with the breech casing.
  • I also arrange the contacting surfaces of said pawl and said breech casing in such manner that the reaction of the thrust trans- 55 mitted between these parts has a transverse com- (ci.
  • said projections serve merely to oppose untimely jolts of the pawl, and also positively to produce the desired movement of the pawl when the whole of the movable breech structure is being moved toward the rear not by the recoil of l5 the gun but by an external energy applied to the ring pin carrier.
  • Fig. l is an elevational view, partly in axial vertical section, of the breech mechanism of an automatic gun for an airplane made according to the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a sectional view on the line II-II of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a partial vertical section on the line III-Ill of Fig. l;
  • Figs. 4, 5, 5' and 6 are detail views on an enlarged scale showing different relative positions of the parts of the breech mechanism, corresponding to different times of the operation thereof.
  • the barrel or tube l of the gun carries. at the rear thereof, a breech casing 2 in which the breech block can slide with 40 a reciprocating motion.
  • This casing 2 is provided at the top with a cartridge feeding slot 3 and at the bottom with a slot 4 for the ejection of the cartridge cases.
  • I'he movable breech structure slidable in this casing 2 is constantly urged in the forward direction by a counter-spring 5.
  • This breech structure includes two parts or elements 8 and 1 movable with respect to each 50 other in the axial direction of displacement of the whole.
  • Element S constitutes the breech block proper which forces and wedges the cartridges in the gun chamber when brought in its extreme frontf ward position which, in the reminder of the description, will be called firing position.
  • element I it consists of two parallel bars, slidable on either side of the breech block and interconnected by a cross member ⁇ I,”slid able in the longitudinal direction in a transverse passage 6 provided in the breech block 6.
  • Element I carries a firing pin 9 mounted on cross member 1'.
  • reech block 6 carries a pawl 9, pivotally mounted thereon.
  • this pawl 9 serves to lock elements 8 and I with respect to each other, said pawl being then in what will be called the upper position thereof, shown by Fig. 6.
  • pawl 9 is caused, preferably through the combined actions of a fixed projection I0, carried for instance by casing 2, and of an inclined surface I I carried by element 1, to come into a position (which will be hereinafter called lower position) in which its head is engaged and held in a notch I2 provided in casing
  • the breech block is locked in firing position while element 'I is disengaged from with the breech block 6 and it can further move a short distance in the forward direction under the effect of its inertia and counter-spring 5, so that the firing pin strikes the cartridge and the shot is fired (position shown by Fig. 4).
  • I provide spring means such as r urging element I in the frontward direction with respect to element 6.
  • breech element 'I Immediately upon the firing of each shot, breech element 'I is to be moved back toward the rear with respect to the breech block 6, so that these two elements ⁇ can again come into locking engagement with each other.
  • This initial backward movement of element 'I is ensured, in the embodiment shown by the drawing, by a piston and cylinder system IS-I 4, operative by the burnt powder gases in the gun bore, and which transmits its movement to element 1 through a push piece I5.
  • the gun is provided with cooking means, that is to say means for drawing the movable breech structure fully back through the action of an external energy (compressed air for instance) when this has not occurred by itself in the course of the operation of the gun, for instance as a consequence of a misflre.
  • Said cooking means may include, for instance, as shown by the drawing, a cylinder I6 provided on the side of casing 2, a piston I'I movable in said cylinder under the action of compressed air, and a finger I8 rigid with one of the bars of element 1, adapted to be pushed rearwardly by said plston.
  • these means include an inclined surface I9, forming the front inner wall of the notch provided in element 1, adapted to coact, near the end of the backward movement of element 1 with respect to breech block 6, with a projection 20 carried by pawl, these cooperating surfaces tending to produce an upward pivoting of the pawl.
  • the contacting surfaces 9' and I2' along which pawl 9 and the edge of notch I2 bear against each other are so inclined with respect to the direction of the thrust exerted by pawl 9 (under the effect of the explosion of the powder charge in the gun) on casing 2, that the reaction of surface I2 has a transverse component which tends to push the head of pawl 9 out from notch I2 in the upward direction. Therefore pawl 9 is driven into its upper position as soon as the notch in member 'I comes above it and permits this movement, that is to say practically before the inclined surface I9 has come into contact with projection 20 (intermediate position of Fig. 5).
  • Inclined surface I9 and projection 20 are protected against violent shocks such as would occur if these parts cooperated directly with each other at the time of the recoil of the breech block produced by the firing of a shot. l
  • An automatic firearm which comprises. in combination, a tube, a breech structure movable with a reciprocating motion in line with said tube at the rear thereof, a stationary casing rigid with said tube for guiding said breech structure.
  • said breech structure including a breech block proper and a ring pin carrier movable longitudinally to a limited extent with respect to said breech block, a pawl movably carried by said breech block, said firing pin carrier being provided with a notch adapted to cooperate with said pawl for interlocking said breech block and said rlng pin carrier, said casing being provided with a notch adapted to cooperate with said pawl for locking it with respect to said casing at the end of its frontward stroke, and simultaneously unlocking said fire pin carrier from said breech block, whereby said iire pin carrier is free to move further toward the front a distance suflicient for the percussion of the cartridge, first means for resiliently driving said ring pin carrier toward the front, second means for driving said
  • An automatic rearm which comprises, in combination, a tube, a breech structure movable with a reciprocating motion in line with said tube at the rear thereof, a stationary casing rigid with said tube for guiding said breech structure,
  • said breech structure including a breech block proper and a firing pin carrier movable longitudinally to a limited extent with respect to said breech block, a pawl pivoted at its front end to said breech block, said tiring pin carrier being provided with a notch adapted to cooperate with the rear end of said pawl for interlocking said breech block and said firing pin carrier, a counter-spring arranged to urge said iiring pin carrier toward the front with respect to said casing, said casing being provided with a notch adapted to cooperate with said pawl for locking said breech block with respect to said casing at the end of its frontward stroke and simultaneously unlocking said firing pin carrier from said breech block, whereby said firing pin carrier is free to move further toward the front under the effect of said counter-spring, for ensuring percussion of the cartridge, first means for driving back said firing pin carrier in the rearward direction immediately upon the firing of a shot, contacting surfaces on said pawl and said casing, said contacting surfaces being so inclined with respect
  • An automatic firearm which comprises, in combination, a tube, a breech structure movable with a, reciprocating motion in line with said tube at the rear thereof, a stationary casing rigid with said tube for guiding said breech structure, said breech structure including a breech block proper and a ring pin carrier movable longitudinally to a limited extent with respect to said breech block, a pawl pivoted at its front end to said breech block, said firing pin carrier being provided with a notch adapted to cooperate with the rear end of s aid pawl for interlocking said breech block and said firing pin carrier, a counter-spring arranged to urge said ring pin carrier toward the front with respect to said casing, said casing being provided with a notch adapted to cooperate with said pawl for locking said breech block with respect to said casing at the end of its frontward stroke and to simultaneously unlock said firing pin carrier from said breech block, Whereby said ring pin carrier is free to move further toward the front under the ei
  • said cooking device includes a cylinder fixed to one side of the breech casing, and parallel thereto, a pistonmovable in said cylinder said piston being operative? by compressed air, and means for connecting said piston with said firing pin carrier when said piston is moving in the rearward .direction of the firearm.
  • An automatic firearm which comprises, in combination, a tube, a breech structure movable with a reciprocating motion in line with said tube at the rear thereof, a stationary casing rigid with said tube for guiding said breech structure, said breech structure including a breech-block proper and a firing pin carrier movable longitudinally to a limited extent with respect to said breech block, a pawl movably carried by said breech block, said firing pin carrier being provided with a notch adapted to cooperate with' said pawl for interlocking said breech block and said firing pin carrier, said casing being lprovided with a notch adapted to cooperate with said pawl for locking it with respect to said casing at the end of its frontward stroke and simultaneously unlocking said firing pin carrier from Said breech block, whereby said firing pin carrier is free to move further toward the front a distance suiiicient to the percussion of the cartridge, first means for resiliently driving said firing pin carrier toward the front, second means for driving said firing pin carrier

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
  • Automotive Seat Belt Assembly (AREA)
US202548A 1938-02-17 1938-04-16 Automatic firearm Expired - Lifetime US2199872A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE211513X 1938-02-17

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2199872A true US2199872A (en) 1940-05-07

Family

ID=3865943

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US202548A Expired - Lifetime US2199872A (en) 1938-02-17 1938-04-16 Automatic firearm

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US2199872A (fr)
CH (1) CH211513A (fr)
DE (1) DE739997C (fr)
FR (1) FR850374A (fr)
GB (1) GB515249A (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2418946A (en) * 1942-08-15 1947-04-15 Remington Arms Co Inc Breech bolt lock for firearms
US2501069A (en) * 1946-01-16 1950-03-21 Brev Aero Mecaniques S A Soc Gas piston operated breechblock lock
US2590153A (en) * 1947-06-24 1952-03-25 Autoyre Co Inc Automatic gun charger

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1799981A (en) * 1929-05-10 1931-04-07 Firm Ceskoslovenska Zbrojovka Firearm
AT132444B (de) * 1930-03-28 1933-03-25 Ferenc Gebauer Verschluß mit starrer Verriegelung für Feuerwaffen.
GB405759A (en) * 1933-12-12 1934-02-15 James Colquhoun Macfarlane Improvements relating to electric rotary converters
FR771807A (fr) * 1934-01-01 1934-10-17 Perfectionnements apportés aux bouches à feu automatiques, notamment à celles montées sur les aéronefs
AT147888B (de) * 1935-09-16 1936-11-25 Marc Birkigt Selbsttätige Feuerwaffe, insbesondere leichtes Geschütz für Luftfahrzeuge.

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2418946A (en) * 1942-08-15 1947-04-15 Remington Arms Co Inc Breech bolt lock for firearms
US2501069A (en) * 1946-01-16 1950-03-21 Brev Aero Mecaniques S A Soc Gas piston operated breechblock lock
US2577026A (en) * 1946-01-16 1951-12-04 Brevets Aero Mecaniques Pivoted breech bolt lock for automatic firearms
US2590153A (en) * 1947-06-24 1952-03-25 Autoyre Co Inc Automatic gun charger

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB515249A (en) 1939-11-30
DE739997C (de) 1943-10-09
CH211513A (fr) 1940-09-30
FR850374A (fr) 1939-12-15

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