US2199045A - Electromagnetic resonator - Google Patents

Electromagnetic resonator Download PDF

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Publication number
US2199045A
US2199045A US123077A US12307737A US2199045A US 2199045 A US2199045 A US 2199045A US 123077 A US123077 A US 123077A US 12307737 A US12307737 A US 12307737A US 2199045 A US2199045 A US 2199045A
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United States
Prior art keywords
resonator
field
hollow
electric
electromagnetic
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Expired - Lifetime
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US123077A
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English (en)
Inventor
Dallenbach Walter
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Julius Pintsch AG
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Julius Pintsch AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
    • H01P1/207—Hollow waveguide filters
    • H01P1/209—Hollow waveguide filters comprising one or more branching arms or cavities wholly outside the main waveguide
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P7/00—Resonators of the waveguide type
    • H01P7/06—Cavity resonators

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an electromagnetic resonator.
  • electromagnetic resonators By connecting the plates of a condenser of 5 C capacity to the ends of a coil of the self-induction L.
  • the period of oscillation of such a resonator follows from the relation
  • electromagnetic resonators are further known which consists of open or closed circuits with capacity and self-induction uniformly distributed over the conductors.
  • the invention proposes to provide an electromagnetic resonator, wherein an essential part of the electric field co-determining natural frequency consists of an electric eddy field, especially one with closed electric eddy lines.
  • Figure 1 shows in plan one simple form of resonator of the present invention
  • Figure la. is a section of the same.
  • Figure 2 shows in vertical section another simple form of the resonator of the invention
  • Figure 2a is a plan of the same.
  • Figure 3 is a diagrammatic View representing indications relative to the magnitude of the current amplitudes of, a resonator of the present invention dependent upon the frequency N.
  • Figure 4a. and Figure 4b illustrate diagrammatically the intensity course of the electric and. magnetic field in the field space of the resonators shown in Figures 1 and 2, Figures 4a and 4b being at right angles to each other.
  • Figure 5 is a perspective View of a portion of another form of resonator.
  • Figure 6 is a section through the resonator of which Figure 5 indicates a part.
  • Figure 1 shows in plan and elevation a metal ring and Fig. 2, a metal cylinder.
  • the metal ring or cylinder is cut open at one point and the cut surfaces are fed with alternating current, a magnetic dipole having the magnetic axis X-X will be produced.
  • the entire area of the ring will be permeated by an alternating magnetic field which on the whole inner surface of the ring has the same sign.
  • the course of intensity of v the electric and magnetic field in the field space of the resonators shown in Figs. 1 and 2 is represented by the curves of Figs. 4a and 4b.
  • the curves of Fig. 4a show the course of intensity of the electric field extending in the plan and those of Fig. 4b that of the magnetic field shown in elevation and extending beyond the diameter of the annular conductors.
  • the time moment I is characterized by the fact that the total energy of the resonator is accumulated within the annular conductors in the form of an electric eddy field.
  • the magnetic field shows therefore not a homogeneous course within the conductors, but two magnetic fields of opposite direction are concentrically disposed within each other.
  • the resonator shown in Figs. 1 and 2 further suffers from the drawback that it discloses, besides this electromagnetic eddy field, a radiation field which imparts to it a certain amount of damping.
  • the invention proposes to construct such an electromagnetic resonator in the form of a hollow space surrounded on all sides by well conducting walls. Such a cavity formed as hollow torus is shown for instance in section in Fig. 5.
  • a hollow body having a highly conducting inner surface provided for instance with a copper or silver coating may preferably be employed, the coating receiving preferably a high polish. Self-damping may further be reduced by cooling the hollow body to a low temperature.
  • the toruslike hollow space may further oscillate in such manner that the current paths extend vertically to those hitherto observed.
  • the resonator produced will then be similar to the one shown in Fig, 5, except that the electric and magnetic lines of force exchange their roles.
  • this toruslike hollow space may be used of course, such as a cavity formed by two toruslike bodies arranged within one another and insulated relative to each other.
  • a hollow cylinder, a hollow sphere, or the space between two cylinders or spheres arranged within one another may for example be excited to natural oscillation in similar manner.
  • an ellipsoid is equivalent to a sphere and can be excited to natural oscillation in similar manner as a hollow sphere.
  • the relations between the wavelength produced of the resonator and the dimensions of the hollow bodies limiting the resonator can be calculated, though in difiicult cases only by means of simplified assumptions.
  • the zero places of Bessels cylinder functions of the null and first order furnish the desired relation. If the E lines extend in the direction of the cylinder axis and the H lines in planes disposed vertically to the axis, the equation prevails, wherein J0 is Bessels cylinder function of zero order; (1, the diameter of the cylinder;
  • the wavelength produced If E and H are exchanged, Bessels cylinder function of the first order yields for the relation If the hollow sphere is excited to produce oscillations of such type that the closed E lines extend relative to one another in sectional planes, the equation of the resonator remain large or comparable to the wavelength.
  • the diameter of the cylinder or torus surface is approximately equal to A, even at excitation in the fundamental oscillation.
  • such resonators can be used 'ro'r producing transmitters, receivers or amplifiers for extremely short waves, which still have relatively large dimensions, and the resonator according to the invention is thus particularly adapted for waves whose length amounts to only a few centimeters.
  • the toruslikehollow body is cut open 'at the point where its diameter is smallest.
  • the cut edges are each connected with the portion 6, 6' of the outer of a concentric energy conductor 5, 6 or 5, 6', so that the inner space of the torus communicates via the gap l with the hollow space of the energy line. If on the latter a stationary wave is produced, so that a current loop develops just at the gap, the resonator, provided its natural frequency coincides with the frequency of excitation, will be excited to high amplitudes while oscillating in the manner described in detail above. Instead of being cut up at its smallest diameter, the resonator can of course be cut up also at another point orv at several points vertically to the current path.
  • the energy line 5, 6 can serve for coupling an excitation space discharge device or a loading resistance, for instance of an aerial, with the resonator.
  • the characteristic impedance thereof can be chosen in a manner favoring excitation or loading and may be particularly small relative to that of the resonator, whereby a relative loose coupling of the resonator to the excitation or loading is effected.
  • c'onductor leads can be connected which form approximately a short circuit condenser for theresonator. A potential node and a current bulge of the oscillation always form at the transition point.
  • the resonator can be provided with a gap from which energy may pass and with which there can be connected any'kind of a conductor, which has such great reciprocal capacity as to form approximately a short circuit condenser.
  • the effect of this resembles that which results from Lecher wires which are bridged over by means of condensers because, when two Lecher wires are short circuited, a potential node and a current bulge of the oscillation always occurs at this point.
  • a frequency-determining electromagnetic resonator tuned to a desired wavev in at least two dimensions and including amember constituting a hollow torus.
  • An electromagnetic resonator consisting of a metallic hollow member in the form of an annular torus providing a hollow space defined by conducting walls, means for producing an electric field therefor, an essential part of said field codetermining natural frequency consisting of an electric eddy field with closed electric eddy lines, the hollow space serving as a resonator and being excited in a fundamental or harmonic oscillation.
  • An electromagnetic resonator consisting of a metallic hollow member in the form of an annular torus wherein the closed eddy'lines extend in meridianal planes and the corresponding magnetic whirl lines in normal planes and providing a hollow space defined by conducting walls, means for producing an electric field therefor, an essential part of said field codetermining natural frequency consisting of an electric eddy field with closed electric eddy lines, the hollow space serving as a resonator and being excited in a fundamental or harmonic oscillation.
  • a resonator as defined in claim 1 wherein the hollow member is provided with an annular slot extending therearound to form a gap and alined tubular conductor leads are connected to respective edges of the gap at right angles to the plane of the locus of the center of the circle whose revolution forms the torus.
  • An electromagnetic resonator consisting of a metallic hollow member providing a hollow space defined by conducting walls, means for producing an electric field therefor, an essential part of said field codetermining natural frequency consisting of an electric eddy field with closed eddy lines, the hollow space serving as a resonator and being excited in a fundamental or harmonic oscillation, the hollow member being formed as a hollow torus divided throughout its area of inner diameter to provide a gap, the edges of the gap connecting with the parts of the outer of a concentric energy line.

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  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
US123077A 1936-01-31 1937-01-29 Electromagnetic resonator Expired - Lifetime US2199045A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE494857X 1936-01-31

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2199045A true US2199045A (en) 1940-04-30

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US123077A Expired - Lifetime US2199045A (en) 1936-01-31 1937-01-29 Electromagnetic resonator

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US2199045A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR817017A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB494857A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL51366C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2420712A (en) * 1942-11-26 1947-05-20 Western Union Telegraph Co Coaxial cable and method of making same
US2424002A (en) * 1940-11-04 1947-07-15 Research Corp High-frequency electronic tube
US2450893A (en) * 1941-05-17 1948-10-12 Sperry Corp High-frequency tube structure
US2485031A (en) * 1944-08-30 1949-10-18 Philco Corp High-frequency transmission system
US2485029A (en) * 1944-08-30 1949-10-18 Philco Corp Frequency stabilizer for oscillators
US2508426A (en) * 1946-03-22 1950-05-23 Sperry Corp Ultra high frequency apparatus
US2511886A (en) * 1938-06-18 1950-06-20 varfan
US2530373A (en) * 1943-05-04 1950-11-21 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Ultra high frequency electronic device
US2704431A (en) * 1949-01-17 1955-03-22 Northrop Aircraft Inc Stable resonant circuit
US2752485A (en) * 1942-07-17 1956-06-26 Westinghouse Electric Corp Ultrahigh frequency wave control means
US20080253010A1 (en) * 2005-10-19 2008-10-16 Cruz Aluizio M Distributive Optical Energy System

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2511886A (en) * 1938-06-18 1950-06-20 varfan
US2424002A (en) * 1940-11-04 1947-07-15 Research Corp High-frequency electronic tube
US2450893A (en) * 1941-05-17 1948-10-12 Sperry Corp High-frequency tube structure
US2752485A (en) * 1942-07-17 1956-06-26 Westinghouse Electric Corp Ultrahigh frequency wave control means
US2420712A (en) * 1942-11-26 1947-05-20 Western Union Telegraph Co Coaxial cable and method of making same
US2530373A (en) * 1943-05-04 1950-11-21 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Ultra high frequency electronic device
US2485031A (en) * 1944-08-30 1949-10-18 Philco Corp High-frequency transmission system
US2485029A (en) * 1944-08-30 1949-10-18 Philco Corp Frequency stabilizer for oscillators
US2508426A (en) * 1946-03-22 1950-05-23 Sperry Corp Ultra high frequency apparatus
US2704431A (en) * 1949-01-17 1955-03-22 Northrop Aircraft Inc Stable resonant circuit
US20080253010A1 (en) * 2005-10-19 2008-10-16 Cruz Aluizio M Distributive Optical Energy System
US8426790B2 (en) 2005-10-19 2013-04-23 Aluizio M. Cruz Method for concentrating and transmitting energy over an optical conduit

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR817017A (fr) 1937-08-24
GB494857A (en) 1938-11-02
NL51366C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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