US2198547A - Crusher and spreader - Google Patents

Description

April 23, 1940. L.. MARCH CRUSHER AND SPREADER Filed April 2l, 1938 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 l H im- 11.7 LII Apl z3, 1940. 4. MARCH 2,198,547

GRUSHER AND SPREADER Filed April 21, 1938 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 fueifuor.' fyfyeze Manch,

'icr

9,0 with the probability c Patented Apr. 23, 1940 TATES 16 Claims.

My invention relates to a new and useful crusher and spreader for cinders, gravel and other fragments of rather hard material and is particularly adapted for use in distributing or '5 broadcasting the particles of cinders, gravel or the like on roadways that have become slippery from ice or other causes for the purpose of reducing the probability of accidents due to automobiles skidding.

Material to be spread upon roads is often piled along the sides of roads on which it is to be used and weather conditions may cause it to become lumpy or large pieces of foreign material such as bricks, stones and other articles may become mixed with the road covering material unknown to the workmen. In some appliances such foreign material will stop the machinery and possibly damage the same, While in others it would be thrown out with the smaller material of damaging vehicles or injuring pedestrians. Therefore it is an object of the present invention to provide a construction that ordinarily will crush large or lumpy material but permit passage of bulky uncrushable 25 articles between crushing apparatus so as not to halt the operations or damage the machine.

Another object of the invention is to construct a crusher and spreader of this class as a unitary structure capable of being attached to a vehicle,

3o such as an automobile truck, and operated by the vehicle engine through a supplementary power take-ofi or any part of the driven mechanism of such vehicle by the use of suitable driving means.

Another object of this invention is to provide a crusher and spreader including a driven crusher roll and a pair of adjustable pressure rolls, one on each of opposite sides of the crusher roll, said pressure rolls being resiliently urged towards the m crusher roll for applying the necessary pressure to eiect a breaking action on material passing between the crusher roll and either of the pressure rolls.

Another object of my invention is to provide an arrangement of rolls whereby material will 'travel past the crusher roll in an effective manner regardless of the direction in which said crusher roll is revolved, thereby causing the materia] to'be crushed and delivered to a scattering i table regardless of the direction of travel of the vehicle on which the device is mounted.

Another object of the invention is to swingingly support hangers which holdvthe bearings for the shafts of the pressure rolls.

Another object of the invention is to pivotally mount the bearings for the shafts of the pressure rolls on the free ends of the hangers to permit adjustment of said bearings to the various angles assumed by said shafts due to changes in positions of the pressure rolls relative to the crusher roll caused by different sizes of material passing between the rolls.

Another object of this invention is to make a crusher and spreader including upper side frame members and a lower frame member, the former having plates secured thereto cooperating to produce a hopper and having an apertured top plate which shields portions of the apparatus and provides an entrance to the hopper, said entrance being protected by a grating preferably consisting of bars disposed across the aperture in the top plate. The frame thus provided supports the several rolls and the spreading or scattering table which table is positioned beneath the rolls and revolves in a horizontal plane for broadcasting the material by centrifugal force, said table and the crusher roll preferably being driven in unison from a power driven shaft carried by the frame of the device.

With the above and other objects which will be apparent from the description in view, this invention consists of the details of construction and combination of elements hereinafter set forth and then designated by the claims.

In order that those skilled in the art to which this invention appertains, may understand how to make and use the same, I will describe a particular form thereof, referring by numerals to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. l is a rear end view of a crusher and spreader constructed according to my invention with portions broken away and shown in section to illustrate detalls of construction.

Fig. 2 is a top plan View thereof.

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary illustration of a conventional automobile truck or vehicle showing a portion of the rear end of the vehicle frame in elevation and the rear end of the body in section with the crusher and spreader attached thereto.

Fig. 4 is a section on the line H- of Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic view of the rolls and appurtenances illustrating the manner in which the pressure rolls may assume different positions relative to the crusher roll due to the introduction of large or bulky articles between them.

In carrying out my invention as herein embodied l0 represents the frame of the crusher and spreader including two suitably spaced upper side frame members Il and l2 to the bottom of the machine.

2 ends of` which is secured the lower frame membex` Il extending vacross the space between said side frame members. Eachupper side frame member II, I2 is preferably fashioned to provide a narrow portion or neck I4 and a wide portion or head I5 above the neck thereby leaving spaces at each edgewise side of each neck to permit certain parts of the machine associated with the pressure rolls to swing underneath of portions of the heads. t

Each upper side frame member is provided with a bearing I6 or equivalent means to receive the ends of the shaft I1 of the crusher roll I8. If desirable, said shaft may be two stubs, one

carried by each end of the crusher roll. The

crusher roll I8 has longitudinal ribs I9 on its exterior surface which ribs preferably are triangular in cross section as plainly shown in Fig. 4.

Each upper side frame member also has two bearings above the location of bearing I 8, one of said bearings 2D being at each side of bearing I6. In each bearing 20 is mounted a trunnion or shaft 2I fixed in position by a holding means 22, such as a pin, and all of said trunnions project from the outer faces of the side frame members. On each trunnion 2| is journalled a swinging hanger 23 so that there are two of them at each side of the machine frame and the lower` ends of said hangers extend below the heads of the side frame members to locations on both sides of the necks of said frame members, Figs. 3 and 4.

From the inner faces of the lower or free ends of the swinging hangers 23 project ears 2B, Fig. 1, arranged in pairs on each hanger and between these pairs of ears are located bearings 25 for lateral movement. To permit this lateral movement the bearings 25 may be mounted on the plain ends of pivoting bolts 26 having threaded connection with the ears 24. In the bearings 25 oi a pair of directly opposite hangers 23 are journalled the ends of a shaft 21 of a pressure roll 28 and such shafts may be stubs at each end of the roll. 'Ihere are two pressure rolls, one on each side of the crusher roll so that the axes of all rolls are in the same horizontal plane as will be obvious by reference to Fig 4.

The pressure rolls 28 are urged towards the crusher rolls by springs 29 having their ends attached to a pair of the hangers on the same side w\ A convenient way to install the sprin`gs/is to attach the Yends thereof to eye bolts 30 mounted in outwardly projecting ears 3I on the lower ends of the hangers 23. The movements of the pressure rolls towards the crusher roll are limited and regulated by the adjustable stops 32, preferably bolts threaded through the ears 33 on the outside of the side frame members II and I2 and located in the path of inward travel of the hangers and said stop bolts may have lock nuts 34 thereon. From the foregoing it will be noted that while the pressure rolls are constantly urged by the resilient pull of the springs towards the crusher roll the proximity to which said pressure rolls can approach the crusher roll is regulated and limited by the adjustable stops. In this manner the size of the material to be scattered can be predetermined if not already xed by previous comminution.

Below the rolls is located a revolving scattering table 35 in a horizontal plane and capable of rotating in either direction. This table has an axle 3B mounted in a bearing 37 on the lower frame member I3 so that it may be readily revolved. While said table and the crusher roll may be operated separately it is preferred that tion with a vehicle,

they be revolved by a single mechanism but not necessarily at the same speed. Illustrative of a suitable drive mechanism I have shown a gear 38 on the axle of the scattering table which gear meshes with another gear 38 on a power driven shaft 40 journalled in bearings 4I and 42 carried by the lowerv frame member I3. Motion is also .transmitted from the shaft 48 to the crusher roll I8, as through a sprocket 48 on the shaft 48, a sprocket 44 on the crusher roll shaft I1, and a chain 45 running on said sprockets. The power from a prime mover, such as the engine of a motor truck, may be applied to the driving mechanism of the table and crusher roll in any suitable manner, and at any desirable point of the driving mechanism. As an example I have illustrated the shaft 48 as provided with a second sprocket 46 on which runs a chain 41 for connection with a power take-o means (not shown) such as the driving mechanism of the vehicle.

Referring to Fig. 4 it will be noted that ii' the shaft 40 is driven clockwise the crusher roll will be revolved in the same direction, causing material to pass between said crusher roll and the pressure roll at the right hand side in said Fig. 4 but if the shaft 40 is driven counter-clockwise the crusher roll also will be revolved counter-clockwise and material will pass between said crusher 51111 and the pressure roll at the left hand side of In order to insure the scattering of the material, cleats 48 are mounted on the top surface of the table 35.

To direct the material to the rolls convergent plates 49 are located between the upper side frame members at the front and back of the device and the ends of said plates are secured to angular cleats 50 on the inner surfaces of said side frame members.- In addition to acting as walls of a hopper said plates 49 assist in bracing the side frame members and strengthening the whole frame.

Resting on and secured to the upper edges of the side frame members II is a top plate 5I` which further strengthens and braces the machine irame and also acts as a guard or shield for the swinging hangers and parts associated therewith. This top plate has an opening 52 through it to function as an entrance for material supplied to the rolls. To prevent the possibility of a person falling into the rolls or having his legs enter the machine, bars 53, or equivalent means, are disposed across the opening 52 and such bars are shown mounted in holes 54 in strips 55 secured to the underneath face ofthe top plate at two opposite sides of the opening byfastening means 56, and said outer ends to prevent displacement of the bars.

'I'he device being adapted to be used in connecit may be attached thereto in any suitable or convenient manner but should be located relative to the vehicle body so that material may flow from the body through an outletY into the entrance opening in the top plate. To this end, for purposes of illustration only, I have shown, in Fig. 3, angle irons 51 projecting beyond the rear end of a vehicle frame 58 with the device vsecured to said angle irons in a location that when the vehicle body 59 is raised and tilted the outlet 60 will be in a position to cause the material in the body to flow through the outlet in the opening 52 in the top plate 5I. The new of material from the vehicle body is controlled by a door or shutter 6I.

As the material enters the hopper portion of holes 54 are closed at their the machine it will be directed to the rolls and as the crusher roll is revolved the material will be drawn in between said crusher roll and one of the pressure rolls, according to the direction of revolution of the crusher roll, and beg/crushed, broken up or comminuted and allowed to drop onto the scattering table from which it will be broadcast by centrifugal force onto the road over which the vehicle is travelling. Should extra large pieces of material enter .between the rolls whether they can or' cannot be crushed, such pieces will cause the pressure rolls, or one of them, to recede from the crusher roll as suggested in Fig. 5. Where the ends of a pressure roll recede unevenly or to different distances from the crusher roll, the bearings 25 automatically ad just themselves laterally to the angularity of the pressure roll shaft so that no binding effect occurs. The action of the springs on the pressure rolls causes the material to be crushed and with the ribs on the crusher roll large pieces will be broken up or ground into smaller particles.

As shown in Figs. 1 and 2 means may be employed to control the direction in which the material can be broadcast by the scattering table and can also function to retain any extra large or uncrushed objects on the scattering table to prevent such objects from being thrown out and likely damaging other vehicles or injuring pedestrians. To this end I have shown for purposes of illustration one form of what I term an adjustable shutter to control the flow of material from the scattering table. This adjustable shutter may include a ring 62 secured to the frame of the machine, as the upwardly'projecting arms of the lower frame member i3 above the scattering table 35. The ring encloses an area slightly larger than said table, above the same and concentricv therewith, and extends downwardly to a location adjacent the perimeter of the table in order to leave a space sufficiently large to permit the ordinary comminuted material to pass under the ring, but said space being small enough to prevent uncrushed or bulky objects from being dislodged from the table. To the inside of the ring 62 may be detaehably and adjustably fastened a number of arcuate bands 63 by suitable fastening means 64, such as screws,`projected through slots 63 in said arcuate bands and mounted in the ring 62. By leaving oi one arcuate band, as the one between the points 65 and 66, Fig. 2, the material will be discharged from the scattering table from the space between said points 65 and 66 at the bottom of the illustration in Fig. 2 and this space may be at the back of the machine. Any other number of the arcuate bands, even all of them, may be removed or some of them may be moved to different ,positions about the ring to determine the location or locations of the discharge or said arcuate bands may be adjusted vertically to regulate the distance to which the material may be broadcast within a possible maximum controlled by the speed at which the vehicle is travelling. In other words, assume that there are four arcuate bands 63 all of equal length and originally located so that there is one directly at the front of the scattering table, another directly at the rear thereof and one at each side. Now if it is desired to discharge the material rearwardly the rear band is elevated and the others lowered. This will provide a discharge space at the rear only. Likewise if it is desired to ydischarge the material to one side or to the front then the necessary band is elevated and the others lowered. In some instances the material can be discharged to one side and the rear or to both sides and the rear or to only both sides in which case the proper bands are elevated leaving the other band or bands lowered. There are other locations from where it is sometimes desirable to discharge the material, for example, from one rear side. In this case all of the bands are detached, moved around the scattering table one-eighth of its circumference and replaced. This will position the bands so that the two towards the rear make up the rear barrier and partial side barriers. Now by elevation of only one of the bands towards the rear the material will be discharged partially at the rear and partially at one side.

From the foregoing it will be evident that I have provided a simple, strong, durable and enlcent device which will readily reduce the major portion of any materialA run through the machine to the desired neness but should any large or bulky uncrushable objects pass into the rolls, the pressure rolls can recede sumciently to permit such objects to pass between the rolls without damaging the machine. y

Of course I do not wish to be limited to the exact details of construction herein shown and described as these may be varied within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of my invention.

Having described my invention, what I claim as new and useful is:

1. A crusher and spreader comprising a frame, a power driven crusher roll journalled in said frame, a pair of freely revolving pressure rolls, one on each side of the crusher roll and mounted for to and fro movement relative to said crusher roll, means to urge said pressure rolls towards the crusher roll, and a power driven scattering table journalled in the frame below the rolls.

2. The structure in claim 1, in combination with angular cleats on the inner surfaces of the frame at both sides, and plates secured to said cleats and inclined to direct material between adjacent rolls.

3. The structure in claim 1, in combination with a top plate secured to the upper edges of the frame, `said top plate having an opening therethrough, strips secured to the under side of said top plate and located adjacent two opposite edges of the opening, and bars disposed across said opening with their ends mounted in the strip.

4. In a device of the character described, a pair of spaced upper side frame members, a U-shaped lower frame member having its ends secured to the side frame members with a portion bridging the space between said side frame members, a scattering table journalled on the lower frame member to revolve in a horizontal plane, a crusher roll journalled in the side frame members above the scattering table, hangers mounted at their upper ends on the exterior of the side frame members so the lower ends of said hangers can swing, pressure rolls journalled in the lower ends of said hangers for to and fro movements rela- -v overhanging head portions of the side trame members, one at each side of the necks, bearings pivotally mounted on the lower ends of said hangers. pressure rolls `journalled in the bearings of hangers at opposite sides ofthe frame and capable of uneven to and i'ro movements relative to the crusher roll, means to urge said pressure rollsA towards the crusher roll, and means below the rolls for scattering material crushed by and owing from said rolls.

7. 'I'he structure in claim 6, in combination with adjustable stops on the frame side members in the path of inward travel of the hangers.

8. The structure in claim 6, in combination with longitudinal ribs of triangular cross-section on the crusher roll, and means on top of the frame to shield the hangers and component parts thereof.

9. In a device oi' the kind described, a frame including side members with necks and heads, portions of the heads overhanging the edges of the necks, and a U-shaped lower frame member secured at its ends to the bottom edges of the frame side'members, bearings on the neckr portions of the frame side members, a ribbed crusher roll, a shaft therefor journalled in said bearings, a bearing on the lower frame member, a scattering table, an axle carried by the table and journalled in the bearing on the lower frame member for horizontal rotary movement, cleats on the top surface of said table, means to simultaneously revolve the table and crusher roll, other bearings on the frame side members above and a pair to each side of the crusher roll, hangers having means at their upper ends for swingingly mounting them in the last named bearings with the lower ends of said hangers extending below the overhanging portions of the heads oi the frame side members, pairs of ears projecting inwardly from the lower ends of the hangers, bearings pivotally mounted between the pairs of ears i'or lateral movement, pressure rolls, shafts therefor journalled in the laterally movable bearings so that one pressure roll is on each side the crusher roll and capable of uneven to and fro movements relative to said crusher roll, an outwardly projecting ear at the lower end of each hanger, an eye bolt in each of the last mentioned ears, a spring between the pairs of hangers at each side of the device with the ends of the springs attached to the eye bolts, adjustable stops on they frame in the path of inward travel of the hangers, convergent plates between the frame side members for directing material to the rolls, and an apertured top plate mounted on the frame.

I0. A crusher and spreader comprising a frame, a crusher roll journalled in said frame for rotation in either direction, pressure rolls one on each side of the crusher roll and journalled in movable means so that either can freely revolve and move to and fro relative to the crusher roll, a scattering table below the rolls and journalled in the trame. and means to cause said table and the crusher roll to revolve simultaneously.

11. In combination, an automotive vehicle, a crusher and spreader entirely supported by the vehicle and including a frame, a crusher roll journalled in said frame, hangers swingingly mounted on the frame, pressure rolls journalled in said hangers and located one on each side of the crusher roll so as to impart pressure on material passing said crusher roll regardless of its direction of rotation, means to urgethe pressure rolls towards the crusher roll, a scattering table revolvably mounted beneath the rolls and mechamsm to simultaneously revolve said table and the crusher roll from the power unit oi' the automotive vehicle.

12. A crusher and spreader comprising, in combination, a frame, a crusher roll journalled in said frame, a pair of pressure rolls, one at each side of the crusher roll, means to suspend said pressure rolls from the i'rame, a scattering table revolvably mounted beneath the rolls to receive crushed material, and a prime mover to simultatrieously revolve the crusher roll and scattering able.

13. In a device of the kind described, a frame, a scattering table revolvably mounted on the frame and positioned in a horizontal plane, a ring mounted on the frame concentric with. the table and enclosing a space of slightly greater area than said table and above the same to provide a space for the passage of material from the.

table beneath the ring, and means adjustably mounted on said ring to close any desired portion of the space between the ring and table for selectively controlling thev size and location of the discharge from the scattering table.

14. 'Ihe structure in claim 13, wherein the means for controlling the discharge consists of a plurality of arcuate bands detachably and adjustably fastened to the inside of the ring.

15. A crusher and spreader comprising a frame, a power driven crusher roll journalled in said frame, pressure means* cooperating with said crusher roll and mounted for to and fro movement relative to said crusher roll, means to urge said pressure means towards the crusher roll, and a power driven scattering table journalled in the frame below the crusher roll.

16. A crusher and spreader comprising a frame, a power driven crusher roll journalled in said frame, a freely revolving pressure roll mounted for coacting with and for to and fro movements relative to said crusher roll, means to urge said pressure roll towards 4the crusher roll, and a power driven scattering table located directly below the rolls.

LAFAYETTE MARCH.

Images