US1731956A - Pulverizing machine - Google Patents

Description

Oct. 15, 1929. WAGNER 1,731,956

PULVERI Z ING MACHINE Filed March 2, 1927 2 Sheets-Sheet l.

WITNESSES INVENTOR Oct. 15, 1929. WAGNER 1,731,956

PULVERI Z ING MACHINE Filed March 2. 1927 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 wnmsasn mvzw-ron rmm WW 6 mv-m M... 4% A Wit held by the actor which shall be Patented Oct. 15, 1929 UNITED STATES PULVERIZING MACHINE Application filed March 2, 1927. Serial No. 172,024.

This invention relates to pulverizing machines, more particularly to apparatus for d pulverizing earth or the like.

It is among the objects of the invention to provide apparatus of simple and durable mechanical construction comprising a minimum number of parts which shall be especially adapted for pulverizing earth to prepare it for potting plants or the like.

Another object of the invention is to pro vide a machine for pulverizing earth which eign substances contained in the earth without injury to the machine elements.

Another object of the invention is to pro vide apparatus of the above designated charadjustable for the purpose of varying the fineness of the pulverized material.

Still another object of the invention is to provide a pulverizing machine for the purpose set forth which shall be mounted on a portable carriage and which is further adapted to support a screen that is cooperatively engaged with the drive mechanism to be agitated or vibrated by the rotation of said mechanism.

Machines adapted for pulverizing earth are subjected to severe service conditions and apparatus for this purpose which has been heretofore proposed was frequently broken by the impact of the movable pulverizing element with stone and other hard substances contained in the material as it is fed to the machine.

lln accordance with the present invention this difliculty is overcome by means inherent in the construction of the apparatus whereby the pulverizing element is adapted to become temporarily displaced to permit the passing of stone or rock therebetween. For this purpose the drum or pulverizing memher is rotatably mounted on a pivoted support to permit the drum to normally assume an off-center position in which position it is action of gravity, or its own weight. When stone or other hard substances pass between the drum and its cooperating casing the former is free to raise on its support against the resistance of its b own weight to permit the stone to pass unerneath and the drum will immediately as sume its normal position with respect to the casing.

Other features which like reference characters designate and in which Fig. 1 is a view in perspective of a pulverizing machine embodyin g the principles of this invention Fig. 2 alongitudinal sectional view of the hopper casing and pulverizing drum; Fig. 3 a section taken along the line IH-HL Fig. 2,- Fig. 4 a View in perspective of the pulverizing drum, and a sectional view of a modified form of the machine shown in Referring to the figures of the drawings, the structure therein illustrated comprises a casing 1 having a curved bottom 2 and a lip 3 at which point the material passing through the pulverizer is ejected; Supported on the casing 1 is a hopper 4; to which is secured a guard 5 that is curved to constitute or form an exit opening with the lip 3 of the casing member. he casing l is secured by flanges 6 to a supporting frame 7 that is journaled on a pair of wheel axles 8 to render the device portable which is desirable as the apparatus is especially in hot houses and conservatories.

Journaled on support 7 is a counter-shaft pair of sprocket wheels 10 and 11 support 7. The other gear wheel 11 is similarly connected by a chain to a driven shaft 15 that is journaled in a pair of levers 16 which are adapted for pivotal movement about the axis of counterdrum generally desto be rotatable with intended for use position of pulverizing drum 18 with respect to the wall of the casing member.

The casing 1 is provided with projections or ribs 20, Flgs. 2 and 3, which are preferably integrally cast with the casing member but which may be provided therein in any suitable manner; and pulverizing drum 18 is designed to coo erate with projections 20 of the casing. e drum comprises a hub member 21 of hexagonal shape upon which is mounted a plurality of blades 22 with their faces tangentially disposed to their plane of rotation. The extended edges of the blades 22 are provided with slots 23 corresponding to the projections 20 of the casing member 1 and adapted to interact therewith. Thus alternately positioned cooperating teeth are provided on the blades 22 and the casing, the teeth on the latter bein in the form of ribs.

As previously stated t 1e machine is adapted to eject stone by virtue of the manner of mounting the drum member 18. It has however been found necessary to provide the interacting tongue and groove 20 and 23 of the casing member and pulverizing wheel for the purpose of engaging and ejecting flat stone which would otherwise become lodged at the bottom of the casing 1 which would neces sitate stopping the machine occasionally to lift the drum for the purpose of removing the fiat stone. In the construction shown it is impossible for stones of any form to become lodged in the machine since they must of necessity be engaged by drum 18 which will pass them toward the front of the machine where theyare ejected through the opening provided between'the lower lip 3 of the casing and the upper guard 5.

As shown in Fig. 1 the casing 1 and guard 5 are cut out to form an arcuate shaped slot 25 of such dimensions as will provide clearance for the drum shaft 15 which as previously explained is adapted for angular movement by virtue of its pivotal mounting on the counter-shaft 9. A pair of arms 26 are secured to or formed integrally with levers 16 and are joined by a handle member 27 by means of which drum shaft 15 and pulverizin drum 18 carried thereby are bodily lifted within the limits of slotted opening 25 to remove the pulverizing drum out of enagement with casing member 1, if desired. The slotted opening 25 will further permit free angular movement of the pulverizing drum 18 on the counter-shaft 9.

A screen member 28 is adapted to be secured by a frame construction 29 having braces 30 which extend to supporting frame 7 to which they are detachably secured. The frame support 29 of the screen is also secured to the top of frame 7 to constitute a rigid support for the screen 28. The screen is mounted on frame 29 by means of pins 31 which are fastened to frame 29 and project through openings 32 provided in screen 28.

The screen by virtue of its engagement with pins 31 is adapted to fulcrum about a transverse center line passing through pins 31 and provisions are made to produce a constant vibration of the screen about its fulcrum axis to prevent the pulverized materialpassing out of the machine from packing or accumulating on the screen member.

The vibration of the screen is produced in the following manner: A transverse strap 33 is secured to the screen and provided with longitudinal arms 34. Arms 34 project beyond the end of the screen underneath the casing of the machine element as is more clearly shown in Fig. 2. The arms 34 are provided with curved ends 35 which are adapted to rest on the counter-shaft 9. A rod 36 is secured to rotate with the countershaft 9 to constitute an obstruction or cam surface for striking the ends 35 of the screen arms 34 to produce an intermittent oscillating movement of the screen v which provides a constant vibration. The cam effect of the rod 36 may obviously be produced by utilizing a rectangular shaped body portion for the counter-shaft 9 intermediate its supporting journals or by constituting the counter-shaft a cam shaft of any suitable shape to produce vibration at the engaging end of the screen rod. As shown in Fig. 1, the operating switch or control for the motor 13 may be secured to the supporting frame 7 of the machine as illustrated, a switch box 38 being there shown as secured to the rear of the machine.

The operation of this device is briefly as follows: The pulverizing machine bein of portable construction is moved to the p ace where the earth to be pulverized is located. The material is placed in hopper 4 and motor 13 is energized to produce rotation of pulverizing drum 18. Drum 18 is adjusted to suitable position relative to the casing member 1 by means of the stops 19 depending upon the degree of fineness of material it is desired to roduce. The clods of earth dropping through the hopper 4 are engaged by the paddles 22 of the pulverizing drum and forced downwardly against the casing towards the rear of the machine where it is ejected on the screen 28. The screen as previously explained is constantly vibrating to prevent the pulverized material from packing and permit its dropping through the screen. Stones and the like roll off the screen to a position where they can not intermingle with the pulverized material underneath the screen.

If a large stone should be embedded in the clod of earth placed in the hopper it will, upon strikingthe pulverizing drum l8,fall be tween the paddles 22 and the casing 1 whereby it is constituted a wedge for displacing the drum 18 on its pivot bearings which are its arms 16 supported on the counter-shaft 9. As previously explained the drum 18 is held in its operative position by action of gravity,

that is by its own weight acting against the stops 19. The drum is therefore freely displaced by stones which are forced out by rotation of the drum, but will immediately retain its normal position against the stop 19 when the stone has been ejected from the machine. This provision of replacing the pulverizing drum bodily prevents injury to the machine, which would be otherwise subjected to a sudden jar or impact.

Tn the modification shown in Fig. 5 a drum it) provided with blades 41 is journaled on a shaft 42 to cooperate with the drum and blades 21 and 22', respectively, which correspond with and are equivalent to the like elements shown in *igs. 1 and 2. The blades at of drum 40 interact with blades 22 of drum 21 to engage and break up clods of earth therebetween. The blades 41 further cooperate with a casing 44 which is continuous with the casing around the drum 21'. The drum 40 may be rotated by the meshing of the blades 41 with blades 22 or it may be positively driven by a chain 43 from the drum shaft 15. The function of the double drum type pulverizer is substantially the same as that of the single drum type as set forth above. However, the double drum pulverizer has greater capacity for handling the material placed in the hopper 4. The double drum further permits of reducing the material acted upon to a finer substance on account of the intimate engagement of the blades and the greater contact afi'orded by the two drums in cooperating with the casing. 7

It will be evident from the foregoing description of this invention that earth pulverizing machines made in accordance therewith provide a simple and efficient means for pulverizing earth in relatively large quantities and in an inexpensive manner. It will be further obvious that the simple construction of the machine and the safeguard against breakage of the more delicate parts such as the drive mechanism, by making the pulverizing drum freely displaceable, overcomes the difficulties encountered in prior art devices which frequently led to breakage and resulted in interruptions in their operations.

Although one embodiment of the invention has been herein described and set forth, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that various modifications may be made in the details of construction and in the arrangement of the several cooperating parts without departing from the principles herein set forth.

ll claim 1. A portable pulverizing machine comprising the combination with a frame provided with wheels, a casing mounted thereon,

a counter-shaft journalled in said frame, a motor mounted on said frame for rotating said counter-shaft, levers pivotally mounted on said shaft, a drum-s11 porting shaft journalled in said levers, an means associmounted for rotation on ated with said shaft for operating the drumsupporting shaft, of a pulverizing drum said drum shaft with below a plane passed levers and maintained in that position only by its weight, and a handle conneoted to said drum sh aft, said drum comprising polygonal shaped hubs, pulverizing plates mounted on the faces of said hubs, each plate overlapping and extending beyond the inner edge of the next succeeding plate, the overlapping angle being less than a right angle, the extended edges of said plates being shaped to form teeth adapted to cooperatively engage channels in said casing, said drum being automatically displaceable to pass nonpulverizable material and manually displaceable by means of said handle.

2. A portable pulverizing machine comprising the combination with a frame provided with wheels, a casing mounted thereon, a counter-shaft journalled in said frame, a motor mounted on said frame for rotating said counter-shaft, levers pivotally mounted on said shaft, a drum-supporting shaft journalled in said levers, and means associated with said shaft for operating the drum-sup porting shaft, of g drum mounted for rotation on said drum shaft with its center of gravity below a plane passed through said levers and maintained in that position only by its weight, and a handle disposed between arms connected to opposite ends of said drum shaft, said drum comprising hexagonal hubs, a pulverizing plate mounted on each of the faces of said hubs, each plate overlapping and extending beyond the inner edge of the next succeeding plate and forming therewith an outer overlap angle of approximately 60", the extended edges of said plates being shaped to form teeth cooperasaid casing whereportions of material to be pulverized, said drum being automatically displaceable upon contact with a non-pulverizable material, and manually displaceable by means of said handle.

In testimony whereof, I sign my name.

' MICHAEL WAGNER.

its center of gravity through said

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