US2197616A - Air-space insulated conductor - Google Patents

Air-space insulated conductor Download PDF

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Publication number
US2197616A
US2197616A US196664A US19666438A US2197616A US 2197616 A US2197616 A US 2197616A US 196664 A US196664 A US 196664A US 19666438 A US19666438 A US 19666438A US 2197616 A US2197616 A US 2197616A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
conductor
spacer
winding
air
helix
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US196664A
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English (en)
Inventor
Lehne Theodor
Schluckebier Konrad
Thomas Paul
Wassmansdorff Hans
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens and Halske AG
Siemens Corp
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Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens Corp
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Publication of US2197616A publication Critical patent/US2197616A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B11/00—Communication cables or conductors
    • H01B11/18—Coaxial cables; Analogous cables having more than one inner conductor within a common outer conductor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B11/00—Communication cables or conductors
    • H01B11/18—Coaxial cables; Analogous cables having more than one inner conductor within a common outer conductor
    • H01B11/1834—Construction of the insulation between the conductors
    • H01B11/1847—Construction of the insulation between the conductors of helical wrapped structure

Definitions

  • This invention relates to air-space insulated conductors having at least one spacer consisting of resistant insulating material and wound in open helical turns around the conductor and a screen or outer conductor arranged over the air-space insulation, and has for its object to attain a very small capacity and therefore a low line attenuation.
  • the self-supporting spacer winding is obtained in the manner that the spacer is made of mechanically resistant insulating substances and by the fact that a sufilciently small pitch is chosen for the spacer wound around the conductor.
  • the spacer winding may be made without dimculties suiiiciently resistant to compression for all operating conditions. Since the spacer winding is so designed as to be self-supporting the sir-space insulation designed according to the invention presents a relatively high resistance to mechanical stresses. 'I'he loose arrangement of the conductor within the spacer winding has from a mechanical point oi' view thefurther advantage that the conductor is sumciently free to move in the case of longitudinal changes caused by the fluctuations of temperature without the spacer. The lextremely small capacity is obtained by the-fact that the spacer winding just touches the conductor at intervals.
  • Cellulose derivatives or. suitable insulating substances of the group of the polyvinyl compounds, for instance, polystyrene are preferably employed as mechanically resistant insulating substances for the spacer windings.
  • polystyrene are preferably employed as mechanically resistant insulating substances for the spacer windings.
  • the use of flexible polystyrene threads is l0 preferable which are rendered flexible in the plastic state of the material by suitable well-known stretching methods.
  • the protective 85 sleevesY arranged over the self-supporting airspace insulation are designed in the form of highly flexible sleeves.
  • Highly flexible screens in the form of metallic foil windings, wire meshes, etc., and furthermore coverings of fibrous mate- 40 rials are employed for this purpose.
  • a preferable form of the invention consists in manufacturing the protective sleeve arranged over the screen or outer conductor from rubber or rubberlike artificial substances and in metallizing the same preferably with pulverized aluminum. It may also be advantageous to arrange one or more insulating and in some cases water-proof protective layers not only over the screen but also underneath the same. Such highly exible eonductors are employed to advantage as downleads for aerial systems.
  • FIG. 1 represents a high-frequency concentric air spaced cable having one spacer thread of solid insulating material wound around the inner conductor.
  • Fig. 2 represents a similar cable.' in which around the spacer thread an additional thinner spacer thread is wound.
  • Fig. 3 represents a cable in which the entire-air space insulation is divided into two Separate spacer layers.
  • Fig. 4 represents a cable with a relatively thin inner conductor. a self-supporting spacer winding of large diameter, and a braided outer conductor.
  • Fig. 5 represents a cable similar to that o! Fig. 4, having a double spacer winding placed around the inner conductor, and
  • Figs. 6 and 7 show an insulation sleeve arranged between the air spacing helix and the braided outer conductor.
  • Fig. l shows a concentric high-frequency cable according to the invention.
  • l is wound in open helical turns the solid thread of circular cross-section consisting of resistant insulating materials, for instance, of polystyrene; however, in contradistinction to the known types of inner conductors in such a manner as to obtain by selecting a small pitch a self-supporting spacer winding which is resistant to compression within certain limits and whose inner diameter is by more than 50% greater than the diameter of the conductor Il.
  • the spacer winding is surrounded by a closed band winding I2 of insulating material.
  • the outer conductor 3 consisting of good conducting band segments, the open band winding I4, the closed band winding
  • consisting of a centrally arranged thread 22 and of the thread 23 wound around the latter in open helical turns, is wound around the inner conductor 20 in open helical turns.
  • is wound as an open spacer Winding in a manner so as to be self-supporting, and is so spaced from the conductor 2
  • 'I'he threads 22 and 23 consist preferably of polystyrene.
  • the thread 22 may be a single or a multiple thread; for instance, a cord consisting oi' several thin strands.
  • Fig. 3 shows an embodiment in which the entire air-space insulation of the conductor is subdivided into two spacer layers.
  • consisting oi.' a thread and whose inner diameter is according to the invention greater than that of the conductor.
  • suitable insulating material and by suitably dimensioning the. spacer winding the -latter becomes self-supporting and suillciently resistant to compression so that further layers of insulation may be arranged around the spacer winding.
  • a closed band winding I2 consisting of insulating material is ilrst wound around the spacer winding Il.
  • and 3l as well as the band windings 32 and Il are preferably made of high-grade insulating material suitable tor high-frequency such as, for instance, polystyrene.
  • the spacer in the present case is made in the form of a cord consisting oi such insulating material; however, it may also be made in another known manner; for instance, in the form of a thread helix consisting of mechanically resistant insulating material.
  • Over the band winding Il are arranged nrst the outer conductor 35, then the open band winding 30, the closed band winding 31 of insulating material and lastly the water-prooi cable sheath 38.
  • Figs. 4 to 7 show further embodiments of the invention which are employed i'or exible airspace insulated conductors, for instance, for aerials.
  • the relatively thin conductor 4l is surrounded with the self-supporting spacer winding 4
  • Ebonite, derivatives of cellulose or polymers of the group of the polyvinyl compounds, such as, for instance, ilexible polystyrene are preferably employed as mechanicallyV resistant insulating materials for the spacer winding.
  • the screen or return conductor 42 designed in the form of a wire braid.
  • the sheath I3 of insulating material which consists preferably of rubber or of any other suitable artificial material, for instance, of mixed polymers oi' vinyl chloride and ester of acrylic acid, serves as an outer protection.
  • 'I'he closed sheath of insulating material may be metallized, for instance, with pulverized aluminum.
  • the conductor is provided with a surtace having a metallic luster so that in the event of rays oi light striking the conductor the same are easily reiiected and therefore cannot unfavorabLv atleet the protective sheath.
  • Fig. 5 shows another embodiment in which the conductor is surrounded with two self-supporting spacer windings arranged one over the other.
  • 50 is the conductor around which are wound the two spacer windings 5
  • the latter may in some cases be made oi dierent insulating materials; i'or instance, the spacer winding 5
  • Over the spacer winding 52 are arranged in succession the metallic screen or outer conductor 53, a ilber covering 54 and a layer oi varnish 55. for instance, aluminum varnish.
  • an insulation sleeve is also arranged between the air-space insulation and the screen.
  • the inner conductor may either be made of tinned or zinc-coated steel wire or of aluminum wire so that the use of a copper wire is not absolutely necessary.
  • a helix 52 of artiilcial substance, for instance, oi' polystyrene (particularly in a stretched state) momie surrounds the conductor il in spaced relation thereto.
  • 'I'he helix may be designed in such a manner as to be stretched to a greater or smaller extent than is shown in the drawing.
  • a sheath of artificial substance either in the form of a closed sleeve 03 as shown in Fig. 6 or a sleeve formed by a band winding 0l as shown in Fig. '7.
  • an artificial substance' is employed capable of being sprayed, for instance, consisting oi mixed polymers of vinyl compounds or of other hydrocarbons
  • an artificial substance is employed capable of being worked into a ribbon or foll and consisting, for instance, of ce1- lulose derivates repelling water or aiterchlorinated polyvinyl chlorides or the like.
  • a more or less finemeshed metal covering B5 which may consist of the same materials as those already mentioned for the inner conductor.
  • a closed sheath 66 of artificial substance as in Fig. 6 or a sheath 61 of textile fabric as in Fig. 7 may be arranged over the metal covering 05, which textile fabric may consist of one or more layers of artificial materials or artificial iibrous materials and which is particularly to be varnished.
  • the purpose of this sheath 80 or 61 is to protect the conductor as a whole against attacks by oils. operating or motive fluids and the like or against corrosion. It is also possible to use structural parts of the one embodiment in the other embodiment; for instance. to interchange the sheaths I3 and M with one another. Also other dimensions may be used instead of those shown; for instance, the sleeve il may consist of several windings whose lap Joints are displaced with respect to one another.
  • the figures show the invention as applied to high-frequency cables with a single concentric or screened conductor.
  • the invention may obviously also be applied to high-frequency cables with several concentric or screened conductors.
  • An air-space insulated cable including in combination a conducting sheath, a conductor within said sheath, and at least one open-wound self-supporting spacing helix, formed by a strand element of insulating material, surrounding the inner conductor and disposed within lsaid conducting sheath, the inner diameter of said helix being at least 50% greater than the diameter of said inner conductor. and the latter being disposed in the helix to have freedom of movement therein.
  • An air-space insulated cable including in combination a conducting sheath. a conductor within said sheath, and at least one open-wound spacing helix formed of a strand element, said helix surrounding the inner conductor and disposed within said conducting sheath, said strand element consisting of a solid, mechanically resistive insulating material to render said helix self-supporting, the inner diameter of said helix being at least 50% greater than the diameter of said inner conductor, and the latter being disposedinthehelixtohavefreedomofmovement therein.
  • An air-space insulated cable including in 4.
  • An air-space insulated cable including in combination a conducting sheath, a conductor within said sheath, an open-wound self-supporting helix consisting of an insulating material strand element and surrounding the inner conductor and disposed within said conducting sheath, the inner diameter of said helix being at least 50% greater than the diameter of said inner conductor, and the latter being disposed in the helix to have freedom of movement therein, a second strand element of insulating material wound in an open helix around the first helix and suitably spaced therefrom, and a closed band winding of insulating material disposed between said two helical windings.
  • An air-space insulated cable including in combination a conducting sheath, a conductor within said sheath, and at least one open-wound self-supporting spacing helix, formed by a strand element of insulating material, surrounding the inner conductor and disposed within said conducting sheath, the inner diameter of said helix being several times greater than the diameter of said inner conductor, and the latter being disposed in the helix' to have freedom ox' movement therein, said insulating material consisting of a flexible polyvinyl compound.
  • An air-space insulated cable including in combination a highly flexible conducting sheath, a conductor within said sheath, and at least one open-wound self-supporting spacing helix, formed by a strand element of insulating material, surrounding the inner conductosl and disposed withln said conducting sheath, the inner diameter of said helix being several times greater than the diameter of said inner conductor, and the latter being disposed in the helix to" have freedom of movement therein.
  • An air-space insulated cable including in combination a highly flexible conducting sheath. a conductor within said sheath, and at least one open-wound self-supporting spacing helix, formed by a strand element of insulating material, surrounding the inner conductor and disposed within said conducting sheath, the inner diameter of said helix being at least 50% greater than the diameter of said inner conductor, and the latter being disposed in the helix to have freedom of movement therein, and a highly iiexible closed sheath of insulating material disposed between said conducting sheath and said spacing helix.

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  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)
US196664A 1936-04-29 1938-03-18 Air-space insulated conductor Expired - Lifetime US2197616A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1936S0122483 DE699832C (de) 1936-04-29 1936-04-29 Konzentrische luftraumisolierte kapazitaetsarme Leitung mit mindestens einem um den Innenleiter in offenen Schraubenwindungen gewickelten, aus formfesten Isolierstoffenbestehenden Abstandhalter

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Publication Number Publication Date
US2197616A true US2197616A (en) 1940-04-16

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US196664A Expired - Lifetime US2197616A (en) 1936-04-29 1938-03-18 Air-space insulated conductor

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US2197616A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE699832C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE93772C1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2416979A (en) * 1943-04-27 1947-03-04 Burley Joseph Cilley Electric cable
US2428480A (en) * 1941-09-06 1947-10-07 Henleys Telegraph Works Co Ltd Buoyant electric cable
US2468091A (en) * 1945-01-18 1949-04-26 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Electric cable
US2488211A (en) * 1943-02-01 1949-11-15 Tenaplas Ltd High-frequency cable
US2494255A (en) * 1945-12-20 1950-01-10 Edwin I Guthman & Co Inc Loop antenna
US2536904A (en) * 1942-01-23 1951-01-02 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Cable with air insulation
US2576128A (en) * 1948-04-03 1951-11-27 Motorola Inc Man-pack antenna
US2922968A (en) * 1957-07-23 1960-01-26 Richard A Van Patten Strip line microwave filters
US3248473A (en) * 1962-09-19 1966-04-26 Int Standard Electric Corp Low-capacitance type of high-frequency cable
US3750058A (en) * 1971-12-08 1973-07-31 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Waveguide structure utilizing compliant helical support
US4866212A (en) * 1988-03-24 1989-09-12 W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. Low dielectric constant reinforced coaxial electric cable

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2428480A (en) * 1941-09-06 1947-10-07 Henleys Telegraph Works Co Ltd Buoyant electric cable
US2536904A (en) * 1942-01-23 1951-01-02 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Cable with air insulation
US2488211A (en) * 1943-02-01 1949-11-15 Tenaplas Ltd High-frequency cable
US2416979A (en) * 1943-04-27 1947-03-04 Burley Joseph Cilley Electric cable
US2468091A (en) * 1945-01-18 1949-04-26 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Electric cable
US2494255A (en) * 1945-12-20 1950-01-10 Edwin I Guthman & Co Inc Loop antenna
US2576128A (en) * 1948-04-03 1951-11-27 Motorola Inc Man-pack antenna
US2922968A (en) * 1957-07-23 1960-01-26 Richard A Van Patten Strip line microwave filters
US3248473A (en) * 1962-09-19 1966-04-26 Int Standard Electric Corp Low-capacitance type of high-frequency cable
US3750058A (en) * 1971-12-08 1973-07-31 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Waveguide structure utilizing compliant helical support
US4866212A (en) * 1988-03-24 1989-09-12 W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. Low dielectric constant reinforced coaxial electric cable

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE93772C1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1938-12-14
DE699832C (de) 1940-12-07

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