US2195713A - Brushless shaving cream - Google Patents

Description

v @atented. Apr. 2,

eat-nut castes;

nsusmisss snavmo casein Wolf Kritch'evsh, miicago, m, .assl gnor m as Products Corporation,

tion oi! Illinois Chicago, lit, a corpora- No Drawing. Application February 9, 1935,

Serial No. 5,861

13 Claims.-

Biy invention relates to shaving cream. It relates more in particular to a so-called brushless shaving cream of the type which does not depend v for its action upon the latherlng effect of soap.

5 My present invention is a continuation-in-part of my co-pending application Serial No. 646,497, filed December 9, 1932.

Preparations employed for shaving have in general a two-fold object. They soften the hair 19 as well as the skin on the face by emulsifying the natural oil present on the skin, and they also lubricate the skin so that the razor will pass over the same easily.

Ordinary shaving soaps are made empirically 5 without any thought of these two functions, but it will be obvious that they must to some extent perform both functions in order tobe usable. Those skilled in the art have found that the use of ordinary soaps is not satisfactory and accordgp ingly attempts have been made in the past to produce a shaving cream which would perform both functions required in a more satisfactory manner. free fatty acid, usually stearic acid, and sufw ficient soap to emulsiiy the stearic acid in water. Some spermaceti wax or parafin or other waxes or similar compounds have also been used to make the cream non-vanishing. Mixtures of the 7 types of substances described emulsified with a 39 relatively large amount of water (sometimes with some glycerine' added) are well known. When spread on the face, they leave a substantial deposit oi the emulsified stearic acid and waxes which act as a lubricant to prevent the razor from 35 pulling or scratching.

In most of these preparations, a thorough washing of the face was first necessary to remove the natural oils. Otherwise, the cream of itself would not soften the beard. As a general rule, these creams have been fairly efficient but they are still subject to considerable improvement to remedy their. outstanding defects. One dimculty has been that in order to function satisfactorily as a lubricant, they had tohave a relatively large 5 amount of fats or wanes in relation to the soap present and this caused them to be too greasy, mamng it hard to remove them from the face and from the razor. When the amount of wax in proportion to the soap present was decreased so 50 that they could readily be washed from the face or razor, these creams did not lubricate well.

' Moreover, they all left something to be desired from the standpoint of softening the beard.-

Still another short-coming was that the emulsions 5,5 were not sufiiciently stable and in cold weather These creams were made usually from they would: freeze and the emulsions break. Moreover, they could not be employed satisfactorily when the water employed on the face is cold.

The principal object of my invention is the 5 provision of an improved shaving cream.

Another object is the provision of a shaving cream which obviates all 01 the dlficulties hereinabove set out;

Another object is the provision of a shaving l cream which will soften the beard even though the-beard has been washed only slightly or not at all before the application of the cream.

Other objects and features of the invention will be apparent as the detailed description progresses.

I have found a relatively large class of chemical compounds which, as 'far as I know, have never been employed in brushless shaving creams heretofore. I have found that these chemical substances can be employed in creams, the major ingredients of which are fatty acids such as stearic acid and water. and'the entire product emulsified completely. Toe emulsion product produced has very exoeiient wetting properties in that it tends to soft-en the beard to a much greater extent than any of the shaving creams heretofore employed. It has a great advantage in being readily washed from the razor, while the remainder left on the face after shaving is as readiiy removed from the face by washing. The {Egg product also can be made of such consistency that while it is freely washed from the razor, it not fall from the razor during shaving which is, of

course, undesirable. It will be understood that the wetting properties heretofore referred to cause the cream as a whole to wet through the greasy layer on the skin and base of the heard when it is put on the face, thereby forming an intimate contact of the water phase of the cream and skin at the base of the beard so that the softening 49 action is the same or better than that employed by using a soap and brush.

The class of compounds which I havediscovered have a well-balanced ratio of their oleophillic and hydrophillic properties; that is to say, the polar and non-polar groupings are present in the molecule in a way that causes the composition as a whole to have both water wetting and oil wetting properties. These compounds, therefore, while having a marked hydrophillic character, making them readily miscible or soluble in water, also have oily properties which give them excellent lubricating value during shaving. The combination of hydrophillic and oleophillic properties enables the compound as a whole to penetrate through the greasy layer on the skin, carrying the cream as a whole with it and at the same time enabling the user to remove all the deposits remaining after shaving with water.

Substances of the kinds set out are numerous and of widely difiering chemical compositions. They possess this factor in common,however, that they all possess oleophillic and hydrophillic groupings in the same compound.

The oleophillic or non-polar part of the molecule is formed by a hydrocarbon chain of not less than eight carbon atoms. This chain-may be in the form of a long chain alkyl group or groups; it may b in the form of aralkyl groups or radicals of long chain fatty acids or long chain' alcohols. The hydrophillic part of the molecule consists of a group having a definte attraction for water,

such as a number of hydroxy groups or an inorganic acidic group such as a sulphuric acid radical, phosphoric acid radical, esters of such acid as short chain organic chemicals like isethionic acid or esters with polyhydric alcohols like glycol mono-sulphuric acid,'etc. The hydrophillic group is connected with the oleophillic or non-polar group either directly as in the case of sulphonic acid or phosphonic acid derivatives of aliphatic hydrocarbons; or said compounds may be in the form of esters of long chain aliphatic alcohols, such as sulphuric esters of alcohols or phosphoric esters of alcohols. The compounds which I employ may also be of a type wherein the oleophillic and hydrophillic groups are interconnected through the residue of a carboxyl group. Thus, for example, on one side of the residue of a carboxyl group there may be a long chain aliphatic hydrocarbon radical such as a higher fatty acid radical and on the other side there may be an acid group or an acid group joined thereto through an aliphatic group such as an ethionic acid radical, or through an ester of a polyhydric alcohol with a strong acid as, for example, glycerin mono-sulphonic acid esterified with a higher fatty acid; or the hydrophillic group may comprise an amine group which may be substituted in the same way as the carboxy radical. The free valences in the --CO--- group may be substituted by a monovalent or a polyvalent alcohol radical, by an N'H'z group or an organic amine radical, and a hydrophillic group may be linked to an oleophillic group such as in the sulphonated oils or other derivatives of that type.

In order to teach those skilled in the art the full scope of my invention, I shall name a few representatives of the diiferent classes of com.- pounds indicated. As a sulphonic acid, I wish to cite the cetyl sulphonic acid as described by, Reychler in the Kolloidal Zeitschrift, volume 12, page 277. As another one of this kind, I wish to mention the compound. C1eHaaCHOH-CHzSOaNa which is disclosed in British Patent 358,583. As an ester of a long chain alcohol, I wish to mention sulphuric acid esters of lauryl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, and cetyl alcohol.

As derivatives of fatty acids, I wish to mention sulphonated castor oil, butyl sulpholeic acid and similar derivatives as disclosed in United States Patents 1,822,977, 1,822,978 and 1,822,979,,or the sulphonated mono-oleyl ethylene glycol as disclosed in French Patent 721,340, or the fatty acid derivative of ethane sulphonic acid as described in United States Patent 1,881,172, or compounds like lecithin.

There are still other compounds which may be referred to briefly, such as sulphonated oleyl amide; compounds of amides of'fatty acids in which the amide group is substituted with isethionic acid or other similar derivatives. The main feature is that all of these compounds mentioned as well as all other of the class are excellent emulsifying agents; they are first class wetting agents due to their prominent hydrophillic groups and excellent lubricating agents due to their oleophillic groups.

While the original application referred to hereinabove, of which the present application is a continuation-in-part, was directed originally to the inclusion in a brushless shaving cream of a proportion of any one of the substances coming within the various classifications referred. to in preceding paragraphs, that application has since been amended to limit the claims in respect to the character of the emulsifying and wetting agent employed. The present application is, therefore, directed to the use in shaving creams of derivatives of compounds having a COO- group of a type wherein the hydrophillic property is impartedto the substance as a whole by at least one oxygenated inorganic acid radical. Examples of such substances are sulphonated castor oil (it should be noted that s11.- phonated in this sense, while a commonly used term, is a misnomer because so-called sulphonated oils of the Turkey red oil type are really sulphated oils); sulphonated unsaturatedfatty acids such as sulphonated oleic acid; sulphonated (sulphated) fatty acid esters of alcoholic radicals or alkylene substances such as sulphonated (sulphated) mono-stearyl glycerol in which either one or both of the free hydroxy groups of the mono-stearyl glycerol are esterified with sulphuric acid. In this case, the sulphuric acid radical is neutralized by a cation such as sodium, potassium, or ammonium hydroxide. In the latter case, the fatty acid esteri" fied with the alcoholic group may also be unsatu rated as, for example, in mono oleyl glycerol, "and in such case the double bonds of the unsaturated carbon chain may also besulphonated or they may be unsulphonated. Methods are well known and published in the literature for producing either type of substance. Numerous examples of sulphated fatty acid esters having an alkylene group'may be given, such as sulphonated mono-oleyl ethylene glycol, French Patent No. 721,340, previously referred to.

I may express the type of substances used in. accordance with the present continuing application by stating that they all have the general formula (R,C0O) X, wherein R is a carb'on chain of at least seven carbon atoms which may include its substitution products such as a hydroxy, sulphonic, phosphonic group or groups, and sulphuric and phosphoric acid esters. In this formula, 11. may be one, two or three, depending upon the number of fatty acid radicals present in the compound; X may be hydrogen, an alkyl or alkylene group, or their oxyor hydroxy subas described in and 80%.

arcane oleic acid ester of glycerol (phosphated); sulphuric acidester of 'dilauryl glycerol; and propyl ester of sulphonated oleic acid.

The creams consist for the most part of a fatty body like the stearic acid or any other solid fatty acid like palmitic acid, etc., with or without a solid fat like hydrogenated fats, lard, waxes, etc., or mixtures thereof. The quantity may range from to 30% depending upon the hardness of the particular vehicle. A certain proportion of soap may be used, ranging from 2 to or may be omitted. The emulsifying and wettin agent required may range from about to 5% or more. Perfumes and other antiseptic agents may be used in a small percentage as required. The water content preferably ranges between 50 The resulting product is a cream of whatever consistency may be desired; a cream which is stable, which when put on the face immediately penetrates the grease layer and spreads untila very thin layer is obtained and which washes ofi very easily with water by dissolving or dispersing in the water solution; a cream which will not thin out on the face and fall off the razor during shaving.

For the better understanding of those skilled in the art, I give hereinbelow some representative examples of brushless shaving creams made in accordance with the present invention:

. Percent (1) Stearic acid 20 Soap 5 Butyl ester of sulphonated oleic acid 3 Carbolic acid 0.1 Perfume 0.5 Water 71.4

Percent (2) Stearic acid Palmitic acid 5 Snap 5 Mono-stearyl glycerol sulphate (sodium salt) 10 darbolic acid .1 Perfume .25 Menthol crystal s .25 Water 64.4

I Percent (3) Stearic acid Soap 2.5 Caustic potash 1 Sulphonated castor oil 2 Carbolic acid 0.1 Perfume 0.5 Water 73.9

In compounding the ingredients, the water is heated and the soap, if used, is dissolved therein. Then the stearic acid is melted and run into the water in a thin stream while agitating the water, and agitation is continued after all of the stearic acid has been run in until a heavy emulsion has been formed. The emulsifying agent is then added and the surface tension immediately de creases and the whole composition thins out until at the elevated temperature used it is almost as thin as water. The emulsion is then allowed to cool, continuing to stir it while cooling if necessary, until it reaches a temperature of about 40 C. The perfume and antiseptic are then added. The cream is then completed and while still at approximately 40 C. is placed in containers such as collapsible tubes or jars.

The examples given above are not by any means limiting insofar as the amount of materials used and character thereof is concerned. For example, instead of using soap, I may use caustic soda or caustic potash which forms a soap with a free fatty acid if present. Other examples are as follows:

' Percent (4) Parafiin fatty acids Oleic acid ester of isethionic acid (salt) 3 Ethylene glycol 5 Caustic potash 5 Phosphated derivative of cocoanut oil fatty acid esters of diethylene glycol 3 Carbolic acid 0.1 Perfume a; 0.5

Water 71.4

Percent (7) Palmitic acid 20 Triethanol amine 5 Sulphonatecl ricinoleic acid esterified with ethylene glycol 5 Carbolic acids; 0.1 Perfume 0.5 Water 68.9 Methanol .5

In my disclosure, I do not Wish to limit myself either to proportions or to chemical procedure. In fact, substantially a. y composition of matter of this kind may used as long as it contains a proper vehicle. Such vehicle may be stearic acid or other fatty acid, vegetable fat or mineral fat or parafi'in or any other fat or wax, like carnauba, synthetic wax like Rigolan wax, and an emulsifying agent with high wetting power that has both oleophiliic and hydrophillic groups of the nature described and performing the function indicated falls within the limit of my disclosure.

The term fsoluble is used in the claims in a broad sense to include the characteristics of both molecular and colloidal dispersibility in water.

What I' claim as new and desire to protect by Letters Patent of the United States is:

ii A brushless shaving cream comprising a plastic emusion of oleaginous material and water. and having included therein a proportion of a chemical compound having oleophillic and hydrophillic groups in the molecule and having the general formula wherein R is a hydrocarbon radical with at least seven carbon atoms, its hydroxy and sulphonic substitution products, and sulphuric and phosphoric acid esters; n is an integer and stands for one, two or three, and X is hydrogen, an alkyl, akylol, or alkylene group, the oxy, hydroxy, and sulphonic acid substitution products and their sulphuric and phosphoric'acid esters, the compound as a whole having at least one inorganic oxygenated acid radical, the ingredients Carbolic acid 0.1 Perfume 0.5 Water 71.4

Percent (5) Stearic acid 25 Soap 2 Glycerine 2 Cocoanut oil fatty acid esters of isethionic acid (salt) 1 Carbolic acid 0.1 Perfume 0.5

Water 69.4

Percent (6) Hydrogenated cocoanut oil fatty acid.. 15

till.

above-mentioned being present in substantially the following proportions:

Oleaginous material About 5% to about 30% Water About 50% to about 80% Chemical compound- About to about 2. A brushless shaving cream comprising a plastic emulsion of oleaginous material and wa ter and having included therein a proportion of a chemical compound having oleophillic and hydrophillic groups in the molecule, said chemical compound comprising relatively high n'iolecularweight carboxylic acid ester of a polyhydrlc alcohol wherein at least one hydroxy group of the alcohol is-esterifiecl with an oxygenated sulphur or phosphorus inorganic acid and salts thereof, the ingredients above-mentioned being present in substantially the following proportions:

O leaginous materiaL- About to about 30% Water About 50% to about 80% Chemical compound About A% to about 3. A brushless shaving cream comprising a plastic emulsion of oleaginous material and water and having included therein a proportion of a chemical compound having oleophillic and bydrophillic groups in the molecule, said chemical compound comprising a salt of a relatively high molecular weight fatty acid ester of a polyhydric alcohol wherein at least one hydroxy group of the alcohol is esterified by sulphuric acid, the ingredients above-mentioned being present in substantially the following proportions:

Oleagincus materiaL- About 5% to about 30% Water About 50% to about 80% Chemical compound" About to about 1.0%

i. A brushless shaving cream comprising a plastic emulsion of oleaginous material and water and having included therein a proportion of a chemical compound having oleophillic and hydrophillic groups in the molecule, said chemicai compound comprising an alkali salt of a sulphuric acid ester of a relatively high molecular weight monoglyceride, the ingredients above-mentioned being present in substantially the following proportions:

Oleaginous material" About 5% to about 30% Water About 50% to about 80% Chemical compound" About /z% to about 10% 5. A brushless shaving cream comprising a plastic emulsion of oleaginous material and wa-- ter and having included therein a proportion of a chemical compound having oleophillic and hydrophillic groups in the molecule, said chemical compound comprising the condensation product or a relatively high molecular weight fatty acid and iset'hionic acid and salts thereof, the ingredients above-mentioned being present in substantially the following proportions:

Oleaglnous material-.. About 5% to about 30% Water About 50% to about 80% Chemical compouncL- About /g% to about 10% 6. A brushless shaving cream comprising a plastic emulsion of oleaglnous material and water and a proportion of an ester of oleic acid and isethionic acid of the general formula said cream being in emulsion form, the ingredients above-mentioned being present in substantlally the following proportions:

Oleaginous material" About 5% to about 30% Water About 50% to about 80% Chemica1-compound About to about 10% '7. A brushless shaving cream comprising a plastic emulsion of oleaginous material and water and having included therein a proportion of a chemical compound having oleophillic and bydrophillic groups in the molecule and comprising a sulphonated oil, the ingredients above-mentioned being present in substantially the folllowing proportions:

Oleaglnous material About 5% to about 30% Water About 50% to about 80% Sulphonated oil About to about 10% 8. A brlushless shaving cream comprising a plastic emulsion of oleaginous material and water and having included therein a proportion of a chemical compound having oleophillic and hydrophillic groups in the molecule and comprising sulphonated castor oil, the ingredients abovementioned being present in substantially the following proportions:

Oleaginous material" About 5% to about 30% Water About 50% to about 80% Sulphonated oil About /2% to about 10% 'uct also containing a minor proportion of a soap.

13. The product of claim 3 wherein the oleaginous material comprises a normally solid fatty acid, said product also containing a minor proportion of a soap.

WOLF KRIICHEVSKY.