US2144884A - Brushless shaving cream - Google Patents

Description

BRUSHLESS SHAVING CREAM Wolf Kritchevsky, Chicago, IlL, assignor to Kit Products Corporation, Chicago, 111., a corporation of Illinois No Drawing. Application December 9, 1932, Serial No. 646,497

15 Claims. (Cl. 167-85) My invention relates in general to shaving cream. It relates more in particular to the socalled "brushless shaving cream of the type which does not depend for its action upon the lathering effect of soap.

Preparations employed for shaving have in general a two-fold object. They soften the hair as well as the skin on the face by emulsifying the natural-oil present on the skin. and they also lubricate the skin so that the razor will pass over the same easily.-

Ordinary-shaving soaps are made empirically without any thought to these two functions, but it will .be obvious that they must to some extent perform both functions in order to be usable. Those skilled in the art have found that the use of ordinary soaps is not satisfactory and accordingly attempts have been made in the past to produce a shaving cream which would perform both functions required in a more satisfactory manner.

.These creams are made ordinarily from free fatty acid, usually, stearic acid, and sufficient soap cream nonvanishing. A mixture of types of subto emulsify the stearic acid in water. Some spermaceti wax or paraffin or other waxes or similarcompounds have also been used to make the stances described emulsified with a relatively large amount of water (sometimes with some glycerin added) are well known. When spread on the face, they leave a substantial deposit of the emulsified stea'ric'acid and waxes which act as a lubricant to prevent the razor from pulling or scratching.

In most of these preparations, a thorough washing of the face is first necessary to remove thenatural oils. Otherwise the cream of itself will notadequa'tely soften the beard. As a gen- 'eral rule, these creams are fairly eflicient but they arestill subject to considerable improvementto" remedy their outstanding defects. One difliculty is that in order. to function satisfactorily as a lubricant they 'must have a relatively large amount of fats or waxes in'relation to the soap present" and this causes them to be too greasy, 'making it hard to remove them from theface and from the razor. When'the amount of wax in proportion to the soap present is decreased so that they can. readily be washed from the face or razor,

v.these creams do not lubricate. well. Moreover, they alljleave something to be desired from the I cream which obviates all of the dimculties hereinabove set out.

Another object is the provision of a shaving cream which will soften the beard even though the beard has been washed only slightly or not at all before the application of the cream.

Other objects and features of the invention will be'apparent as the detailed description progresses.

I have found a relatively large class of chemical substances which, as far as I know, have never been employed in brushless shaving creams heretofore. I have found that these chemical compounds can be employed in creams, the major ingredients of which are fatty acids such as stearic' acid and water and the entire product emulsified completely. The emulsion product so produced has very excellent wetting properties in that it tends to soften the heard to a much greater extent than any of the shaving creams heretofore employed. It has a great advantage in being readily washed from the razor, while the revmainder left on the face after shaving is as readthe cream and skin at the base of the heard so' that the softening actionis the same or better than that employed by using a soap and brush.

The class of compounds which I-have discovered has a well balanced ratio of oleophillic and hydro I phillic properties; that is to say the polar and non-polarg'roupingsare present in the molecule in a way that causes the composition as a whole to have both water wetting and oil wetting proper- Search mom;

ties. These compounds, therefore, while having a marked hydrophillic character making them readily miscible or soluble in water, also have oily properties which give them excellent lubricating value during shaving. The combination of hydrophillic and oleophillic properties enables the compound as a whole to penetrate through the greasy layer on the skin, carrying the cream as a whole with it and at the same time enabling the user to remove all the deposits remaining after shaving with water.

Substances of the kinds set out are numerous and of widely differing chemical composition. They all possess these factors in common, however, that they all possess both oleophillic and hydrophillic groupings and all of them serve to decrease the surface tension of water. It will be understood, therefore, that, whenever such substances are mentioned in the claims, they must possess these,characteristics.

The oleophillic or non-polar part of the molecule is formed by a hydrocarbon chain of not less than eight carbon atoms. This chain may be in the form of a long chain alkyl group or groups; it maybe in the form of aralkyl groups or radicals of long chain fatty acids or long chain alcohols. The hydrophillic part of the molecule consists of a group having a definite attraction for water, such as a number of hydroxy groups or an inorganic acidic group such as a sulphuric acid radical, phosphoric acid radical, esters of such acids as short chain organic chemicals like ethionic acid or esters with polyhydric alcohols like glycol mono-sulphuric acid, etc. The hydrophillic group is connected with the oleophillic or non-polar group either directly as in the case of sulphonic acid or phosphonic acid derivatives of aliphatic hydrocarbons. The compounds may also be in the form of esters of long chain aliphatic alcohols, such as sulphuric esters of alcohols or phosphoric esters of alcohols. The compounds which I employ may also be of a type wherein the oleophillic and hydrophillic groups are interconnected through the residue of a carboxyl group. Thus, for example, on one side of the residue of a carboxyl group there may be along chain aliphatic hydrocarbon radical such as a higher fatty acid radical and on the other side there may be an acid group or an acid group joined thereto through an aliphatic group such as an ethionic acid radical, or through an ester of a polyhydric alcohol with a strong acid as, for example, glycerin mono-sulphonic acid esterified with a higher fatty acid; or the hydrophillic group may comprise-an amine group which may be substituted in the same way as the carboxy radical. Thefree valences in the CO-- group may be substituted by amonovalent or a polyvalent alcohol radical, by an NH: group or an organic amine radical, and a hydrophillic group'may be linked to an oleophillic group such as in the sulphonated oils or other derivatives of that typ In order to teach those skilled in the art the full scope of my invention, I shall name a'few representatives of the different classes of compounds indicated. As a sulphonic acid derivative, I wish to cite the ,cetyl sulphonic acid-as described .by' Reychler in the Kolloidal Zeitschrift, volume 12, page 277. As another one of this kind, I' wish to mention the compound CrsHsaCHOH-ClIzSOsNa as mentioned in British Patent 358,583. As an ester of a long chain a1- cohol, :I wish to mention sulphuric acid ester of lauryl alcohol or oleyl alcohol or cetyl alcohol.

As derivatives of fatty acids, I wish to mention sulphonated castor oil, butyl sulpholeic acid and similar derivatives as disclosed in United States Patents 1,822,977, 1,822,978 and 1,822,979, or the sulphonated mono-oleyl ethylene glycol as disclosed in French Patent 721,340, or the fatty acid derivatives of ethane sulphonic acid as described in United States Patent 1,881,172 or compounds like lecithin.

There are still other compounds which may be referred to briefly, such as sulphonated oleyl amide; compounds of amides of fatty acids in which the amide group is substituted with ethionic acid or other similar derivatives. The main feature is that all of these compounds mentioned as well as all others of the class are excellent emulsifying agents; they are first class wetting agents due to their prominent hydrophyllic groups and excellent lubricating agents due to their oleophillic groups.

The creams consist for the most part of a fatty body like the stearic acid or any other solid fatty acid like palmitic acid, etc., with or without a solid fat like hydrogenated fats, lard, waxes, etc. The quantity may range from 5 to 30% depending upon the hardness of the layer and spreads until a very thin layer is obtained and which washes off very easily with water by dissolving or dispersing in that water solution; a cream which will not thin out on the face and fall off the razor during shaving.

For the sake of clarity, I shall give a few examples of the composition of my improved cream:

Per cent 1. Stearic acid 20 Soap--- 5 Butyl ester of sulphonated oleic acid 3 Carbolic acid 0.1 Perfume 0.5 Water 71.4

In compounding the ingredients, the water 'is heated and the soap (if used) dissolved in it.

Then the melted stearic acid is run into the" and cooled until it reaches the temperature of 40 C., then the perfumeand antiseptic are added.

. Per cent 2. Stearic acid". p 2 Glycerin 2 Sodium salt of the sulphuric acid ester of lauryl alcohol known as Gardinol w. A '1 Carbolic acid 0.1 Perfume 0.5 Water 69.4

Perfumes and other antiseptic Technique same as above. The glycerine may be added with'the water or later :if desired.

- Per cent 3. Stearic acid 20 Soap 2.5 Causticpotash, 1 Sulpho'nated castor oil .2

Carbolicacid 0.1, Perfume 0.5 Water 73.9

. Per cent. 4. Palmitic ac 20 Tri-ethanol famine 5 Avirol 142 (sodium salt of cetyl alcohol ester of sulphuric acid)';I 5

Carbolic acid.. 0.1 Perfume 0.5 Water 68.9 Menthol 5 Obviously these. examples are by no means exhaustive and by no means cover the ground, yet

when interpreted in the spirit of my disclosure are sufficient-and will teach one experienced in the art how to practice my invention and obtain practical results. r

In my disclosure I do not wish to limit myself either to proportions or to chemical procedure.

I In fact, substantially any composition of matter of this kind may be used as long as it contains a propervehicle. .Such vehicle may be 'stearic acid or other fatty acid, vegetable fat or mineral: fat with or without paraflln or any other fat or wax,- like carnauba, synthetic wax;

-'like Rigolan wax, and an emulsifying agent with high wetting power that has both oleophillic and hydrophillic groups of the nature described and performing the function indicated falls within the limit of my disclosure.

nous material is a normally solid fatty acid.

The term soluble is used in claims in a broad sense to include the characteristics of both molec ular and colloidal solubility in water.

The term chemical substance when usedin the claims is not to be construed to include soaps which are the metal and alkali metal salts plastic emulsion of oleaginous material and aqueous material andhaving included therein a proportion of a chemical compound having oleophillic and hydrophillic groups in the molecule, the oleophillic group comprising a hydrocarbon group containing at least eight carbon atoms, said chemical compound having good wetting and lubricating properties and being miscible with water and having the properties of penetrating through the natural greasy layer on-the skin and facilitating the softening of the hair when applied to the skin.

2. The product of claim 1 wherein the oleagi- 3. A brushless shaving cream comprising a. plastic emulsion of oleaginous material having a terminal carboxy group, water, a chemical compound having oleophillic and hydrophillic groups in the. molecule, the oleophillic group comprising a hydrocarbon group containing at least '1,,eight carbon atoms, said chemical compound having good wetting and lubricating properties, being miscible with water and having the properties of penetrating through the natural greasy layer onthe skin and facilitating the soften ing of the hair when applied to the skin, the ingredients above mentioned being present in substantially the following proportions:

4. The product of claim 3 wherein the chemi: cal compound is a member of the class consisting of oxygenated inorganic acid esters of aliphatic alcohols, having at least eight carbon atoms in the aliphatic chain, and salts thereof.

5. The product of claim 3 wherein the chemical compound is amember of the class consisting of sulphuric acid esters of aliphatic alcohols having at least eight carbon atoms and salts thereof.

6. The product of claim 3 wherein the chemical compound is a sulphuric acid ester of lauryl alcohol.

'7. A brushless shaving cream comprising a plastic emulsion of oleaginous material having a terminal carboxy group, and a chemical compound having both hydrophillic and olephillic groups in the molecule and comprising a member of the class consisting of inorganic oxygenated acid esters of aliphatic alcohols having at least eight carbon atoms in the aliphatic chain, :and salts thereof and water, the water being present in a major amount .and the other ingredients being present in minor proportions.

8. A brushless shaving cream comprising a plastic emulsion of oleaginous material having a terminal carboxy group and water, and having included therein a proportion of a chemical compound .containing both oleophillic and hydrophillic groups in the molecule and comprising a member of the class consisting of inorganic oxygenated acid esters of aliphatic alcohols, having at least eight carbon atoms in the aliphatic chain and salts thereof.

9. A brushless shaving cream comprising a plastic emulsion of oleaginous material having a terminal carboxy group and water, and having included therein a proportion of a chemical compound containing both oleophillic and hydrophillic groups in the molecule and comprising -a member of the class consisting of sulphuric acid esters of aliphatic alcohols with at least eight carbon atoms and salts thereof.

10'. A brushless shaving cream comprising a plastic emulsion of normally solid oleaginous material having a terminal carboxy group and water, and having included therein a proportion of a chemical compoundof the class consisting of the sulphuric acid ester of oleyl alcohol and salts thereof.

11. A brushless shaving cream comprising a plastic emulsion of oleaginous and aqueous material, and having included therein a proportion of a chemical compound having the general formula Rr-onl-Y wherein R is an oleophyllic hydrocarbon radical with at least eight carbon atoms, n is one or. two, and Y is a hydrophillic group comprising an oxygenated inorganic acid radical.

12. A brushless shaving cream comprisiiig a plastic emulsion of oleaginous and aqueous material, and having included therein a proportion of a chemical compound containing both oleophillic and hydrophillic groups in the molecule and having theigeneral formula R--On-1-SOaX wherein R is an oleophyilic hydrocarbon radical with at least eight carbon atoms, n is one or two, and X is a cation.

,13. Ahrushless shaving cream comprising a plastic emulsion of a. normally solid oleaginous material having a terminal carboxy group and aqueous material, and having included therein a proportion of a chemical compound containing both oleophillic and hydrophillic groups in the molecule and comprising a salt of an alkyl sulionate, wherein the alkyl radical has at least eight carbon atoms.

14. A brushless shaving creamcomprising a plastic emulsion of a normally solid oleaginous material having a terminal carboxy group and I aqueous material, and having included therein a proportion of a salt of the sulphuric acid ester 15 of cetyl alcohol.

15. A brushless shaving cream comprising a plastic emulsion of oleaginous material havin a terminal carboxy group, soap, and a chemical compound having oleophillic and hydrophillic groups in the molecule and comprising an inorganic oxygenated acid ester of an aliphatic alcohol having at least eight carbon atoms in the aliphatic chain, and water, the proportions of the ingredients being substantially as follows:

Per cent Oleaginous material 5-30 Soap 2-10 Ester 5 Water 50-80 WOLF KBITCHEVSKY.