US2195659A - Stable mineral oil and method of preparing the same - Google Patents

Stable mineral oil and method of preparing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
US2195659A
US2195659A US124481A US12448137A US2195659A US 2195659 A US2195659 A US 2195659A US 124481 A US124481 A US 124481A US 12448137 A US12448137 A US 12448137A US 2195659 A US2195659 A US 2195659A
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United States
Prior art keywords
oils
oil
extract
overtreated
mineral oil
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US124481A
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Bernard H Shoemaker
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Standard Oil Co
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Standard Oil Co
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/20—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances liquids, e.g. oils
    • H01B3/22—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances liquids, e.g. oils hydrocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
    • C10L1/1616—Hydrocarbons fractions, e.g. lubricants, solvents, naphta, bitumen, tars, terpentine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M1/00—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants
    • C10M1/08—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants with additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/104—Aromatic fractions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/106—Naphthenic fractions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/108—Residual fractions, e.g. bright stocks
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/135—Steam engines or turbines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/14—Electric or magnetic purposes
    • C10N2040/16—Dielectric; Insulating oil or insulators
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/14—Electric or magnetic purposes
    • C10N2040/17—Electric or magnetic purposes for electric contacts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/46—Textile oils

Definitions

  • overtreated oils 10 and high acidity development are commonly referred to as overtreated oils, and as used herein the term overtreated oils” refers to oils which have been so over-refinedby chemical agents and/or solventsthat the same are suspresent invention makes it possible to overtreat 30 oils in order to meet the sulfur specification without the undesirable consequences which result from such treatment.
  • oils. which tend to develop undesirable properties by reason of their being 'overtreated are the drastically- 35 solvent extracted and/or-acid treated motor oils,
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a method of increasing the sludge stability of highly treated oils.
  • control was a transformer oil distillate having the characteristics set forth in Table I, and which was treated with one pound of 104 sulfuric acid, neutralized, washed with alcohol and water and finally clay filtered to a yield of 1500 gals/ton of clay.
  • An oxidation resistant transformer oil comprising a highly acid treated transformer oil distillate normally susceptible to the formation of excessive sludge and the development of high acidity and 1 to 10% of the extract added as such obtained from the nitrobenzene extraction of a lubricating oil.

Description

Patented Apr. 2, 1940 UNITED STATES PATENT oI-Fica STABLE MINERAL oniaNn METHOD or rnnranma THE SAME Bernard H. Shoemaker, Hammond, Ind., asaignor to Standard Oil (hmpany, Chicago, 111., a corporation of Indiana No Drawing. Application February 6, 1937, Serial No. 124,481
10 and high acidity development are commonly referred to as overtreated oils, and as used herein the term overtreated oils" refers to oils which have been so over-refinedby chemical agents and/or solventsthat the same are suspresent invention makes it possible to overtreat 30 oils in order to meet the sulfur specification without the undesirable consequences which result from such treatment. As examples of oils. which tend to develop undesirable properties by reason of their being 'overtreated are the drastically- 35 solvent extracted and/or-acid treated motor oils,
and oils used for such purposes as lubricating high speed spindles of knitting machinery or bearings of .high speed steam turbines and oils used for insulating electric switches and trans- 40 formers. -White or medicinaloils also come within this category. 1
It is therefore an object of this inventionto provide overtreatedoils which are not susceptible ,to sludging', and high acidity development and 5 do not have a high oxygen absorption It is another object of this invention; provide lubricants "whic have increased oxidation stabili y. Another object-of his invention is to provide lubricants which do not develop. a high acidity during service, thereby impairing the demulsibility of the oil, insulating properties, etc.
Still another object of this invention is to prepare a transformer oil which has a low sulfur content and which has a satisfactory oxidation 5 stability.
It is still another object of this invention to provide electrical insulating oils which are substantially nonsludging.
Another object of this invention is to provides method of preparing overtreated lubricants which have increased oxidation stability.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a method of increasing the sludge stability of highly treated oils.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description thereof.
I have found that the oxidation stability of overtreated oils can be attained by'adding to such oils a small amount or the extract obtained in mineral oil solvent extraction processes. I am aware that the oxidation stability of highly treated oils such as transformer oils has been purported to be effected by adding to such oils less highly refined oils, such as is disclosed in 'U. S. Patent 1,966,111. However, this process has the disadvantage in that it requires relativelylarge amounts of the less highly treated oil to improve the stabilityv of the highly treated oil to which it is added. 3
The addition of relatively large amounts of theless highly refined oil to the more highly refined oil detrimentally modifies the color and other desirable properties of the latter. The present inventio as will be hereinafter established, more 5.
eifectively improves the stability of overtreated oils by the addition of small amounts of the extract without impairing the other desirable properties of the oil to which it is added.
The extracts, or portions thereof, obtained by 40 Since the various solvent extraction processes are well known to those experienced in the art and since the extraction processes per se are not a part of the present invention the lame need not.
be herein described in detail. In general the oils are extracted by countercurrent contact with the solvent. One method by which this is accomplished is to mix fresh stock with twice-used solvent and treat the ramnate from this first extraction with once-used solvent, and subsequently treat the ramnate from this second stage extraction with fresh solvent. While the extract from any stage of the process may beused, I prefer to use an intermediate extract, and prefer-. ably one which possesses good sludging stability. I have found that the addition of 1 to 10% of this extract greatly increases the oxidation stability of overtreated oils to which it is added.
The efiectiveness of small amounts of an extract, obtained from the solvent extract-ion of mineral oils, in increasing the stability of overtreated oils is demonstrated in the following examples, in which an overtreated transformer oil.
is used as the control. The control was a transformer oil distillate having the characteristics set forth in Table I, and which was treated with one pound of 104 sulfuric acid, neutralized, washed with alcohol and water and finally clay filtered to a yield of 1500 gals/ton of clay.
Table I Gravity, A. P. I j 26.8 Flash, F 2'70 Viscosity (Say. sec. at 100 F.) Color (Saybolt) 22 To a portion of this oil was added 3% of the extract obtained from the Chlorex extraction of a H2304 treated and clay filtered M. C. petroleum distillate having a Saybolt Universal viscosity of about 180 seconds at F. A portion of the overtreated transformer oil distillate without the addition of the Chlorex extract before visible sludge is formed. This test is fully described in the A. S. T. M. Proceedings, vol. 24, part 1, page 638 (1924) The results obtained are tabulated in Table II.
The above results show an improvement of about 300% in the stability of the overtreated transformer oil containing 3% Chlorex extract.
In another test to the same overtreated transformer oil distillate there were added 2% and 5% of the extract obtained by solvent extracting a Pennsylvania oil having a viscosity of about seconds at 210 F. with nitrobenzene. The effectiveness of 2% of this extract on the oxidation The life" of the Oil isstability of the transformer oil is shown in Table III.
Table III Snyder life an Dan overtreated transformer oil 3 overtreated transformer oil+ nitrobenzene extract... 13 Overirected transformer oil+5 o nitrobenzene extract.. 17
The above data show an improvement of over 400% in the oxidation stability of the overtreated transformer oil containing 2% nitrobenzene ex-- tract oil, and an increased oxidation stability of almost 600% with 5% of the extract.
The above specific embodiments are presented to illustrate my invention, but the scope thereof is not intended to be limited thereto except as set forth in the accompanying claims.
I claim:
1. 'A sludge resistant mineral oil comprising a highly refined mineral oil normally susceptible to the'formation of excessive sludge and the development of high acidity and a small amount of the extract added as such obtained from the solvent extraction of uncracked mineral oils.
2. A sludge resistant mineral oil comprising a highly acid treated mineral oil normally susceptible to the formation of excessive sludge and the development of high acidity and a small amount of the extract added as such obtained from the solvent extraction of uncracked mineral oils.
3. A lubricating oil composition described in claim 2 in which the solvent is Chlorex.
.4. A stable electric insulating oil comprising a highly refined mineral oil distillate normally susceptible to the formation of excessive sludge and the development of high acidity and a small amount of the extract added as such obtained from the solvent extraction of uncracked mineral oils. v
5. An oxidation resistant transformer oil comprising a highly acid treated transformer oil distillate normally susceptible to the formation of excessive sludge and the development of high acidity and 1 to 10% of the extract added as such obtained from the nitrobenzene extraction of a lubricating oil.
6. The method of .increasing the oxidation stability of highly refined mineral oils normally susceptible to the formation of excessive sludge and the development of high acidity which comprises adding to-said highly refined mineral oils a'small amount of the extract as such obtained from the solvent extraction of mineral oils.
7. A highly refined mineral oil resistant to the formation of sludge and the development of acidity, comprising a mineral oil sufficiently overrefined to the extent that the same normally forms excessive sludge and develops high acidity,
and a small amount of extract added as-suchobtained by the solvent extraction of an uncracked mineral oil, said extract being added in sludge and acidity inhibiting quantities.
8. A highly refined mineral oil described in claim 7 in which the mineral oil is over-refined by treatment with fuming sulfuric acid.
BERNARD H. SHOEMAKER/
US124481A 1937-02-06 1937-02-06 Stable mineral oil and method of preparing the same Expired - Lifetime US2195659A (en)

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2444269A (en) * 1947-02-26 1948-06-29 Sonneborn Sons Inc L Light stability of petroleum waxes
US2461455A (en) * 1945-05-04 1949-02-08 Texas Co Manufacture of lubricating oil
US2725345A (en) * 1951-02-21 1955-11-29 Exxon Standard Sa Stabilized mineral oils and method of preparation
US2767131A (en) * 1956-10-16 Production of oxidation resistant
US2849398A (en) * 1953-08-19 1958-08-26 Exxon Research Engineering Co Mineral-base lubricating oils and methods for using same
US2851422A (en) * 1952-11-07 1958-09-09 Pure Oil Co Automatic transmission fluid
US2921011A (en) * 1955-04-29 1960-01-12 British Petroleum Co Insulating oil compositions
US3009877A (en) * 1959-12-17 1961-11-21 Gen Electric Stabilized lubricant composition
US4846962A (en) * 1987-02-12 1989-07-11 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Removal of basic nitrogen compounds from extracted oils by use of acidic polar adsorbents and the regeneration of said adsorbents

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2767131A (en) * 1956-10-16 Production of oxidation resistant
US2461455A (en) * 1945-05-04 1949-02-08 Texas Co Manufacture of lubricating oil
US2444269A (en) * 1947-02-26 1948-06-29 Sonneborn Sons Inc L Light stability of petroleum waxes
US2725345A (en) * 1951-02-21 1955-11-29 Exxon Standard Sa Stabilized mineral oils and method of preparation
US2851422A (en) * 1952-11-07 1958-09-09 Pure Oil Co Automatic transmission fluid
US2849398A (en) * 1953-08-19 1958-08-26 Exxon Research Engineering Co Mineral-base lubricating oils and methods for using same
US2921011A (en) * 1955-04-29 1960-01-12 British Petroleum Co Insulating oil compositions
US3009877A (en) * 1959-12-17 1961-11-21 Gen Electric Stabilized lubricant composition
US4846962A (en) * 1987-02-12 1989-07-11 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Removal of basic nitrogen compounds from extracted oils by use of acidic polar adsorbents and the regeneration of said adsorbents

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