US2195435A - Copper alloy - Google Patents
Copper alloy Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2195435A US2195435A US225773A US22577338A US2195435A US 2195435 A US2195435 A US 2195435A US 225773 A US225773 A US 225773A US 22577338 A US22577338 A US 22577338A US 2195435 A US2195435 A US 2195435A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- copper
- boron
- tin
- alloys
- alloy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 9
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 28
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 28
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 235000014786 phosphorus Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000521 B alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- FZQBLSFKFKIKJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron copper Chemical compound [B].[Cu] FZQBLSFKFKIKJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 copper-tin-vanadium-boron Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000925 Cd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000713 I alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DIVGJYVPMOCBKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [V].[Zr] Chemical compound [V].[Zr] DIVGJYVPMOCBKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 1
- PLZFHNWCKKPCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium copper Chemical compound [Cu].[Cd] PLZFHNWCKKPCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004881 precipitation hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003245 working effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/02—Alloys based on copper with tin as the next major constituent
Definitions
- m l My invention relates to alloys of copper and more particularly to the alloys of copper and tin, commonly called bronzes. v
- the object of my invention is to provide improved copper-tin alloys.
- I alloy'the metals 40 in the usual manner and add to the melt the boron either in the form of a boron alloy or as the element.
- the melt is then poured into a suitable mold. If the alloy is to be finished in wrought forms, the casting is rolled, drawn, 50 swaged, extruded, forged, or worked in any manner to forms such as sheet.-rod, wire, tubes, forgings, and profiles.
- the presence of boron makes it possible to. perform these operations hot, if desired. 55
- the amount ofboron added may vary from a trace up' to 1%, and more, but above about 1% there appears to be insufficient improvement to justify the added cost. The exact percentage will be determined by the effect required. For example, with 10% tin, .05% of boron is sumcient to deoxidize the alloy but better results are obtained in hot rolling ii sufllcient boron is added so that at least 0.1% boron-is presentin the resultant alloy.
- the tin content should be at least 0.1%.
- the tin content will be less than 12%. "Sometimes, how-' ever, for castings used' as such, the tin may be as high as 20% by weight. Up to 20% tin does not injure the hot working properties, however.
- the copper predominates, and except in the'case of alloys containing the higher amounts of zinc is at least 70%.
- An alloy which. is preferred because it combines good ductility, high strength and high fatigue resistance with ease of working comprises 4% to 11% tin, 0.05% to 0.5% boron, and balance copper.
- the boron also improves the copper-tin alloys in several other ways. For example, the grain formed. Furthermore, the presence of the'boron in the alloy modifies the scale resulting from annealing in air, so that the pickling operations are easier and less costly.
- the presence 01' boron also improves the resistance of the copper-tin alloys to arcing when such alloys are used as contacts to make and break electrical circuits.
- the alloy with about 8% oitin is particularly adapted to this purpose because of its inherently good strength and resistance to mechanical wear.
- My alloy may be used with increased'advantages for any of the purposes for which the corresponding alloys containing phosphorus are used such as springs, bridge plates, and various other articles, as it has improved spring qualities and greater wear resistance. It is well adapted for I use as welding rod and brazing, or hard solder,
- a hot-workable copper-base alloy comprising 0.1% to 20% tin, .05% to 50% boron, balance substantially all copper. the boron being in solution with the tin in. the copper.
- a copper-base alloy which can be hot worked and cold worked comprising .05% to 50% boron, 4% to 11% tin, balance copper, the boron being in solution with the tin in the copper.
- a copper-base alloy comprising 0.1% to 20% tin, 0.01% to 1% boron and balance substantially all copper, at least part of the boron being in solution with the tin in the copper.
- a copper-base alloy comprising 0.1% to 20% tin, but which is free from cadmium, boron with- -in the range of 0.01% to 1%, and balance substantiallyall copper, and which is characterized by improved welding properties and improved electrical conductivity overi-the same alloy without boron and also the same alloy with phos phorus, and with amounts of other elements insufficient to affect the characteristics named.
- a hot workable copper-base alloy comprising 0.1% to 20% tin, 0.01% to 1% boron at least a part of which is in solution with the tin in the copper, and balance substantially all copper, which alloy is characterized by improved welding, casting and brazing properties, by improved electrical conductivity, smaller grain size, and modified scale resulting from annealing in air which is more easily removed, over the same alloy without the boron, and with amounts of other elements insufllcient to aiiect the characteristics named.
Description
Patented, Apr. 2, 1940 UNiTED STATES COPPER ALLOY Horace F. Silliman, Waterbury, Conm, asaignor 1 to The American Brass Company, Waterbury,
Conn a corporation of Connecticut No Drawing.
Application August 19, 1938, Serial No. 225.773
50mins. (01. 15-154) m l My invention relates to alloys of copper and more particularly to the alloys of copper and tin, commonly called bronzes. v
The object of my invention is to provide improved copper-tin alloys.
Several alloys of copper containing tin, andsometimes other elements, are commonly used in the arts. These are among the most useful of all copper alloys, because of their high strength,
high wear resistance, and high fatigue resistance.
It has been known for many years that coppertin'alloys containing a small amount of phosphorus are stronger and more ductile than the corresponding copper-tin alloys without phos- 16 phorus. In wrought-alloys the phosphorus con tent may vary from a trace to about 0.50%. In castings the phosphorus content may be even higher.
While phosphorus additions improve the me- 20 chanical properties of copper-tin alloys, they have certain disadvantages. First, the phosphorus (as is well known) lowers the electrical conductivity. As high a conductivity as possibleis desirable in. current-carrying springs for which 5 phosphor bronzes are commonly used. Secondly,
the phosphorus. because of the low melting point of the phosphide eutectic, is one of the factors contributing to the hot shortness of phosphor bronze.
When boron is substituted for the phosphorus in phosphor bronzes, I have-found that all the advantages -01 the known phosphorus-bearing copper-tin alloys are obtained with the additional advantages of higher electrical conductivity and freedom from hot shortness. The use of boron instead of phosphorus does not change appreciably the tensile strength or hardness of the corresponding alloys.
In practicing my invention I alloy'the metals 40 (and scrap if used) in the usual manner and add to the melt the boron either in the form of a boron alloy or as the element. At present I prefer to use 2% to 5% boron-copper alloy as a source of boron. I also may add the boron by any of 45 the methods given in mycopending application for a Process for producing boron-copper alloys, Serial No. 188,471. The melt is then poured into a suitable mold. If the alloy is to be finished in wrought forms, the casting is rolled, drawn, 50 swaged, extruded, forged, or worked in any manner to forms such as sheet.-rod, wire, tubes, forgings, and profiles. The presence of boron makes it possible to. perform these operations hot, if desired. 55 The amount ofboron added may vary from a trace up' to 1%, and more, but above about 1% there appears to be insufficient improvement to justify the added cost. The exact percentage will be determined by the effect required. For example, with 10% tin, .05% of boron is sumcient to deoxidize the alloy but better results are obtained in hot rolling ii sufllcient boron is added so that at least 0.1% boron-is presentin the resultant alloy.
i It is not necessary to limit the composition of 10 the improved alloys to copper, tin, and boron. I
- may substitute for equivalent quantities of copper and tin such elements as zinc, lead, manganese, iron,- magnesium, titanium, vanadium-and zirconium. I am aware of U. S. Patent 2,116,252 to Schwarzkopf disclosing the use of boron. in copper-cadmium alloys, and do not wish to include cadmium in these alloys. My alloys are hot work'- time while copper alloys containing more than about 1% cadmium are diflicult to hot work. Some of the combinations, such as copper-tintitanium-boron, copper-tin-vanadium-boron, and copper-tin-zirconium-boron, respond to precipitation hardening heat treatments. The useful ranges of the elements which may be added to copper base copperetin-boron alloys are:
Per cent Zine 0 to 45 Lead 0 to 5 Manganese 0 to 10 Magnesium Mo 3 Ir 0 to 10 Titan 0 to 10 Vanadium 0 to 10 Not more than 0.5% lead will be tolerated if 85 hot working methods 'are used. but the other elements listed above do not interfere.
For this alloy the tin content should be at least 0.1%. For wrought alloys, particularly 'where 40 some cold working may be necessary, the tin content will be less than 12%. "Sometimes, how-' ever, for castings used' as such, the tin may be as high as 20% by weight. Up to 20% tin does not injure the hot working properties, however. 4,5 Whatever the alloy may contain beside copper, tin, and boron, the copper predominates, and except in the'case of alloys containing the higher amounts of zinc is at least 70%. An alloy which. is preferred because it combines good ductility, high strength and high fatigue resistance with ease of working comprises 4% to 11% tin, 0.05% to 0.5% boron, and balance copper.
The boron also improves the copper-tin alloys in several other ways. For example, the grain formed. Furthermore, the presence of the'boron in the alloy modifies the scale resulting from annealing in air, so that the pickling operations are easier and less costly.
The presence 01' boron also improves the resistance of the copper-tin alloys to arcing when such alloys are used as contacts to make and break electrical circuits. The alloy with about 8% oitin is particularly adapted to this purpose because of its inherently good strength and resistance to mechanical wear.
My alloy may be used with increased'advantages for any of the purposes for which the corresponding alloys containing phosphorus are used such as springs, bridge plates, and various other articles, as it has improved spring qualities and greater wear resistance. It is well adapted for I use as welding rod and brazing, or hard solder,
and is much better than the phosphor bronzes for these uses.
. Having thus set forth the nature of my invention, what I claim is:, v
1. A hot-workable copper-base alloy comprising 0.1% to 20% tin, .05% to 50% boron, balance substantially all copper. the boron being in solution with the tin in. the copper.
2. A copper-base alloy which can be hot worked and cold worked comprising .05% to 50% boron, 4% to 11% tin, balance copper, the boron being in solution with the tin in the copper.
3. A copper-base alloy comprising 0.1% to 20% tin, 0.01% to 1% boron and balance substantially all copper, at least part of the boron being in solution with the tin in the copper.
4. A copper-base alloy comprising 0.1% to 20% tin, but which is free from cadmium, boron with- -in the range of 0.01% to 1%, and balance substantiallyall copper, and which is characterized by improved welding properties and improved electrical conductivity overi-the same alloy without boron and also the same alloy with phos phorus, and with amounts of other elements insufficient to affect the characteristics named.
5. A hot workable copper-base alloy comprising 0.1% to 20% tin, 0.01% to 1% boron at least a part of which is in solution with the tin in the copper, and balance substantially all copper, which alloy is characterized by improved welding, casting and brazing properties, by improved electrical conductivity, smaller grain size, and modified scale resulting from annealing in air which is more easily removed, over the same alloy without the boron, and with amounts of other elements insufllcient to aiiect the characteristics named.
HORACP F. SILLIMAN.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US225773A US2195435A (en) | 1938-08-19 | 1938-08-19 | Copper alloy |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US225773A US2195435A (en) | 1938-08-19 | 1938-08-19 | Copper alloy |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2195435A true US2195435A (en) | 1940-04-02 |
Family
ID=22846171
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US225773A Expired - Lifetime US2195435A (en) | 1938-08-19 | 1938-08-19 | Copper alloy |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US2195435A (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3655367A (en) * | 1970-07-15 | 1972-04-11 | Albert B Bleecker | Copper alloy |
US4142011A (en) * | 1975-08-19 | 1979-02-27 | Politechnika Slaska Im. Wincentego Pstrowskiego | Method of producing coatings of copper alloy on ferrous alloys |
EP0103770A1 (en) * | 1982-09-20 | 1984-03-28 | Allied Corporation | Homogeneous low melting point copper based alloys |
EP0685564A1 (en) * | 1994-05-31 | 1995-12-06 | EUROPA METALLI - LMI S.p.A. | Copper-zinc-manganese alloy for the production of articles coming into direct and prolonged contact with the human skin |
US20120294754A1 (en) * | 2010-01-26 | 2012-11-22 | Mitsubishi Materials Corporation | Copper alloy with high strength and high electrical conductivity |
-
1938
- 1938-08-19 US US225773A patent/US2195435A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3655367A (en) * | 1970-07-15 | 1972-04-11 | Albert B Bleecker | Copper alloy |
US4142011A (en) * | 1975-08-19 | 1979-02-27 | Politechnika Slaska Im. Wincentego Pstrowskiego | Method of producing coatings of copper alloy on ferrous alloys |
EP0103770A1 (en) * | 1982-09-20 | 1984-03-28 | Allied Corporation | Homogeneous low melting point copper based alloys |
EP0685564A1 (en) * | 1994-05-31 | 1995-12-06 | EUROPA METALLI - LMI S.p.A. | Copper-zinc-manganese alloy for the production of articles coming into direct and prolonged contact with the human skin |
US20120294754A1 (en) * | 2010-01-26 | 2012-11-22 | Mitsubishi Materials Corporation | Copper alloy with high strength and high electrical conductivity |
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