US2195294A - Key arrangement - Google Patents

Key arrangement Download PDF

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Publication number
US2195294A
US2195294A US207686A US20768638A US2195294A US 2195294 A US2195294 A US 2195294A US 207686 A US207686 A US 207686A US 20768638 A US20768638 A US 20768638A US 2195294 A US2195294 A US 2195294A
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United States
Prior art keywords
detectors
series
current
circuit
branch
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Expired - Lifetime
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US207686A
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English (en)
Inventor
Bahr Ernst
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens and Halske AG
Siemens Corp
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Siemens Corp
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Publication date
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Publication of US2195294A publication Critical patent/US2195294A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/02—Amplitude-modulated carrier systems, e.g. using on-off keying; Single sideband or vestigial sideband modulation
    • H04L27/04—Modulator circuits; Transmitter circuits

Definitions

  • Each of blocks the'rete at Cu W t e resisthe circuits illustrated includes two or more tellee the series detectors ..2 is h a t pairs of rectifiers or other non-linear devices con- 0f t pa l l d cto 4 s I W- l m nected in balanced or symmetrical circuits with s known arrangement has t disadvanmeans for impressing the wave energy to be modtage that when the control current from source ulated on,the circuit and formed wave energy 5 n Currents pp in the receiving from the circuit.
  • the balanced keyer l y 0 nn d to the ou in line t or modulator has two non-linear devices in seva u f sai urr ts lyin approx mately n the ries, and a second pair of non-linear devices are Center between the currents appearing at P connected in shunt to the balanced circuit.
  • Fig- S n a d at bl cking Is of the key r eure 2 is a graph representing the o e ati of ment as illustrated in Figure 2.
  • the line 1 may be coupled Sage (be) or damping at blocking e) that in 40 t any l d r t d t m; A resistance 5 the presence of this slight variation in the dampmay be included in the supply circuit if necesmg of the line, the receiving relay remains n an sary to keep the current substantially constant. unequivocal positieh- Points on the windings l9 and 3
  • the sions, t e r ce ay e a s att acted or redamping. of the network between the poles a, b, leased at the null value of the control potential, 0, and d varies within such wide limits, as for without the relay. being permitted to fluctuate instance between a damping when the circuit beween these two values.
  • the reducti'on ratio thereby has the effect that as regards the total damping of the network the resistances in the series branch and parallel branch vary in accordancewith the square of the ratio between the windings. Therefore, the b value comes very close either to the damping value at passage or to the damping value at block-v ins.
  • control potentials are derived in the two directions in the ordinary manner from the same direct current source, it will, furthermore, be advisable by providing resistances in series or parallel to the current source and tapped at different places, to apply the control potential at such a value to the different detector combinations in the series branch and parallel branch, that for each individual detector the control potential has a favorable value, this value depending on the characteristic of the detector.
  • resistances 23, 24 and 25 are connected between the adjacent terminals of the non-linear devices 3 and 4 and the pointat which the keying circuit is connected to the primary 3
  • the detectors 3 and 4 shunt a portion only of secondary winding ll.
  • the switching period was greater and varied within wide limits. At a high and brief load as well as at a unilateral load of longer duration, the mechanical and magnetic neutral position of the relay disappeared, so that the relay was after a certain time no longer neutral and finally the telegraphic speed was limited in the case of contact relays owing to the inertia of the mass. These drawbacks resulted in detrimental distortions of the telegraphic signals.
  • the transmission key circuit according to this invention overcomes additional distortions. Additional distortions are eliminated and furthermore the transmitter key circuit can also be operated with single current in the same advantageous manner and without modifications being necessary. More especially, the telegraphic speed is not limited in the key circuit according to the invention since this arrangementoperates without inertia.
  • the alternating current source l3 and primary winding l4 of the input transformer is chosen about 100 times larger than the resistance of the network inclusive the load of theoutgoing line I of the order of about 100 ohm, the current I; of the generator flowing 1 the current appearing at the receiver is at interruption through the switch 9 one half of the current In in the direction of passage.
  • the invention provides means whereby the amperage in the receiving relay can be displaced at zero control potential towards higher or lower values in such a manner that it lies sufliciently far apart from theresponse limit and release limit of the receiving relay such as for instance in the position II or I8.
  • Figure 3 shows an example of an arrangement according to the invention.
  • the detectors l and 2 in the series branch are replaced by four detectors of the same size as that of the detectors 3 and 4 and placed in parallel. Consequently, at zero control potential only /5 of the current fiows in the parallel branch, but A, pass through the series branch so that the receiving relay it receives a current that is 80% of the current In and this current being far away from the release limit of the relay.
  • both circuits can be combined and detectors in parallel can be employed in the series branch and detectors in series can be inserted in the parallel branch.
  • detectors placed'in series may be inserted in the series branch and detectors placed in parallel may be inserted in the parallel branch.
  • the condenser 2' serves for bridging the resistors 23 and 24 as regards alternating current.
  • Figure '7 shows a transmitter keying circuit in which the detectors in the parallel branch designated by I, 4 are replaced by four detectors 21, 2,8, 29, 30 in bridge connection.
  • the resistance of the combination consisting of these four detectors is, as regards the carrier frequency, equal to the resistance of a single detector, this being true forthe controlling current as well as for the controlled current applied to and derived from the diagonal points.
  • the shunt action of this parallel detector is still further increased in the arrangement of Figure 7 in that the current to be controlled is passed to the primary side of the input transformer across a special'winding I8 whose reduction ratio is 1:10, while the series detectorsare placed at a third winding IQ of the input transformer whose transmission ratio is 1:2.
  • the transmission ratio of the output transformer Si is 2:1.
  • the resistors 32, 33, 34, 35 and 36 are again so dimensioned that the direct control potential has the same value at each individual detector.
  • Figure 8 shows an arrangement in which the Graetz or bridge connection is in the series circuit and not in the parallel circuit.
  • a wave energy source a utilization circuit including a device responsive to wave energy which varies about a selected amplitude, rectifier means in a series circuit coupling said source of wave energy to said utilization circuit, rectifier means efiectivelyin shunt to said series circuit, a control circuit including a variable source oipotential and means for varying said potential connected in shunt to said series and shunt rectifier means.
  • a system as recited in claim 1 wherein said last named means comprises additional rectifier means inserted in series with said eflective shunt circuit to raise its impedance.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)
  • Cable Transmission Systems, Equalization Of Radio And Reduction Of Echo (AREA)
US207686A 1937-05-13 1938-05-13 Key arrangement Expired - Lifetime US2195294A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE206857X 1937-05-13

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2195294A true US2195294A (en) 1940-03-26

Family

ID=5793386

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US207686A Expired - Lifetime US2195294A (en) 1937-05-13 1938-05-13 Key arrangement

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US2195294A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE427605A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH206857A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR837849A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB499114A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2822421A (en) * 1952-10-16 1958-02-04 Int Standard Electric Corp Modulator for voice frequency telegraph systems

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2822421A (en) * 1952-10-16 1958-02-04 Int Standard Electric Corp Modulator for voice frequency telegraph systems

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR837849A (fr) 1939-02-21
CH206857A (de) 1939-08-31
GB499114A (en) 1939-01-18
BE427605A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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