US2194478A - Extreme pressure lubricant - Google Patents

Extreme pressure lubricant Download PDF

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Publication number
US2194478A
US2194478A US156958A US15695837A US2194478A US 2194478 A US2194478 A US 2194478A US 156958 A US156958 A US 156958A US 15695837 A US15695837 A US 15695837A US 2194478 A US2194478 A US 2194478A
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Prior art keywords
compounds
radicals
rings
extreme pressure
acid
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US156958A
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Inventor
Moser Franz Rudolf
Nijk Dirk Roelof
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Shell Development Co
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Shell Development Co
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    • C10M1/00—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants
    • C10M1/08—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants with additives
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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    • C10M2223/06—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/06—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/061—Metal salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/10—Semi-solids; greasy

Definitions

  • This invention relates to lubricants suitable" seizure and scoring of metals which are in motion relative to each other under very high pressures.
  • Most of the substances heretofore suggested contain halogen, sulfur or phosphorus in a form conducive to corrosion.
  • the thought generally prevailed that these elements give rise to a chemical reaction to form products which keep the metals separated when the oil film gives way un der excessive pressures. It was reasoned that since a chemical reaction is essential to the working of an extreme pressure lubricant, a certain amount of corrosion is indispensable for the activity of extreme pressure substances.
  • oxyhydrocarbons such as fatty acids, cresols, phthalic acid, etc.
  • these oxyhydrocarbons when used by themselves, have little, if any, effect in the matter of inducing extreme pressure properties in mineral oils. .It is the purpose of this invention to provide extreme pressure lubricants which are free from ccri'osiveness and which for their effectiveness apparently do not rely, or rely only partially, on a chemical reaction between the metals and the extreme pressure substances.
  • aromatic and hydroaromatic compounds built up of at least two fi-carbon rings, standing in close proximity to. each other and containing at least two hydroxyl radicals separated from the rings by not more than 1 carbon atom, i. e.', they may be attached directly to the ring as in phenols, or may be part of carbo-hydroxyl groups as in benzoic acid or benzyl alcohol, show good extreme pressure qualities when added to lubricating oils in quantities substantially above 1%.
  • the compounds of our invention are non-corrosive towards steel, bronze and various bearing metals and in many instances have positive anticorrosive properties, particularly so if they possess two or more carboxyl radicals.
  • the compounds are structurally compact, they are also highly resistant to thermal decomposition at the elevated temperatures normally encountered in the lubrication of internal combustion engines and are therefore especially valuable for use in crankcase lubricants for internal combustion engines.
  • Suspensions may be prepared in any suitable manner, as by dispersing the compounds in the lubricating oil with the aid of a colloid mill,
  • Substances having a stabilizing effect on the suspension so produced such as small quantities of fatty acids of the type of stearic acid, may be added to advantage. preserve the suspension, such substances have frequently the additional eifect of enhancing the extreme pressure properties of our compounds, particularly at elevated temperatures, whenthe suspensions tend to become unstable.
  • the two or more'fi-carbon rings of our compounds should stand in close proximity to each other.
  • the carbocy'clic rings should preferably be separated from each other by a chain or chains of not more than two atoms of an element normally capable of firmly linking 6-carbon rings to produce stable compounds, said element having an atomic number below 17
  • compounds containing two or more 6-carbon rings which are separated by two or less carbon or nitrogen atoms, or by a single atom of the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur and phosphorus not
  • anthracene, phenanthrene, picene, chrysene, acridine, phe'nacine, diphenyloxlde, dinaphthyloxide, diphenylsulflde, dinaphthylsulflde, carbazol, azobenzol triphenylphosphine, or homologues of these compounds are examples of suitablecompounds.
  • the rings may contain short aliphatic side chains, relatively long side chains of more than 2 carbon atoms being very'undesirable as they greatly lower the thermal stability-of our compounds.
  • Example I A 4% suspension of a methylene dib'etanaphthol in a Venezuelan brightstock gave a welding pressure of 300 kg., whereas the unblended oil permitted welding at 150 kg.
  • Example II A suspension of 4% of a 1 hydroxy naphtlfoic acid in the oil of Example I likewise gave" a welding pressure of 300kg.
  • the family of diphenyl methanederivatives provides a large number of suitable compounds which may be obtained by condensing polyphenols, as
  • hyde and'20 parts of an 8% aqueous hydrochloric Q acid is allowed to stand for several hours,- during ghich time a precipitate of methylene diresorci' e IV, in a 4% suspension in the lubricating oil of derivatives of triphenyl methane, may be obformic acid, suspended in the lubricating oil of Example I raised pable of improving the load carrying capacity of of resorcine,
  • Example IV 180 grams of salicylic acid are heated on a steam bath for 40 hours with 90 grams of a 30% aqueous formaldehyde solution and 640 milliliters concentrated hydrochloric acid.
  • the crystalline salicylic acid is slowly converted to-a sandy powder containing methylene disalicylic acid, which is washed with water to remove the free hydrochloric acid, dissolved in dilute ammonia, filtered and reprecipitated with dilute sulfuric acid.
  • Example V a Methylene digallic acid, obtained in a manner similar to the procedure described in Example Example I gave a-welding pressure of 500 kg.
  • Example VI Another large class of suitable compounds known asthe rosolic acids or aurines, which are tained by condensing phenols or carboxyl phenols with oxalic acid in the presence of a condensing agent such .as sulfuric acid, zinc chloride, etc.
  • a condensing agent such as sulfuric acid, zinc chloride, etc.
  • a a 4% suspension ofaurlneor pararosolic acid raised the welding pressure in the lubricating oil of Example I to 400 kg. 1
  • Example IX A further large group of useful compounds cathe fllms of lubricating oils to which they are added, comprises the group of azo compounds obtained from 'diazotized benzidine, in which both amino radicals are diazotized. Many of these compounds are exceedingly stable at the elevated temperatures to which lubricants may be exposed in the normal course of their usage.
  • Example 111 Other hydroxy aromatic compounds-such as those enumerated in Example 111 may al'sobensed for coupling with the diazobe'nzidine, whereby 75 powerful extreme pressure compounds are produced.
  • a non-halogenated compounded lubricant comprising a mineral lubricating oil and from 1 to of an organic compound possessing at least two isocyclic fi-carbon rings in close proximity, to each other and at least two hydroxyl radicals separated from the rings by not more than 1 carbon atom, said compound being stable under the conditions normally encountered in the lubrication of internal combustion engines and free from alkyl radicals of more than two carbon atoms and radicals-tending to induce corrosion.
  • a non-halogenated compounded lubricant comprising a mineral lubricating oil and from 1 to 10% of an organic compound possessing at least two isocyclic 6-carbon rings separated from each other by at least 1 link consisting ofless' than 3 carbon atoms, said compound having at least 2 hydroxyl radicals separated from the rings by not more than 1 carbon atom, being stable at the temperature normally encountered in the lubrication of internal combustion engines and free from alkyl radicals of more than two carbon atoms and radicals tending to induce corrosion.
  • a non-halogenated compounded lubricant comprising a mineral lubricating oil and from 1 to 10% of an organic compound possessing at least two isocyclic 6-carbon rings separated from'each other by at least 1 link consisting of less than 3 nitrogen atoms, said compounds having at least 2 hydroxy1 radicals separated from the rings by not more than 1 carbon atom, being stable under the conditions normally encountered in the lubrication of internal combustion engines and free from alkyl radicals of more than two carbon atoms and radicals tending to induce corrosion.
  • a non-halogenated compounded lubricant comprising a mineral lubricating oil and from 1 to 10% of an organic compound possessing at least two isocyclic 6-carbon rings directly coupled and at least 2 hydroxyl radicals separated from the rings by not more than 1 carbon atom,
  • a non-halogenated compounded lubricant comprising a mineral lubricating oil and from 1 to 10% of an organic compound possessing at least two isocyclic 6-carbon rings in close proximity to each other and at least 2carboxyl radicals directly attached to the rings-said compound being stable under the conditions norto 10% methylene digallic acid.
  • a non-halogenated compounded lubricant comprising a mineral lubricating oil and from 1 to 10% of an organic compoundpossessing at least two isocyclic 6-carbon rings separated from each other by at least one link consisting of less than 3 atoms having atomic numbers below 17 and capable of firmly linking 6,-carbon rings to produce a stable compound, and said compound having at least 2 hydroxyl radicals separated from the rings by not more than one carbon atom, being stable under the conditions normally encountered in the lubrication of internal combustion engines and free from alkyl radicals of more than two carbon atoms and radicals tending to induce corrosion.
  • a non-halogenated compounded lubricant comprising a mineral lubricating oil and from 1 to 10% of an organic compound possessing at least two isocyclic six carbon rings in close proximity to each other, at least one carboxylic group and at least one hydroxy group attached directly to a ring, said compound being stable under the conditions normally encountered in the lubrication of internal combustion engines, and being free from alkyl radicals of more than two carbon atoms and radicals tending to induce corrosion.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
US156958A 1936-08-29 1937-08-02 Extreme pressure lubricant Expired - Lifetime US2194478A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US315078A US2267337A (en) 1937-08-02 1940-01-22 Extreme pressure lubricant

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL497385X 1936-08-29

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US2194478A true US2194478A (en) 1940-03-26

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Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US2194478A (de)
ES (1) ES144034A1 (de)
FR (1) FR826087A (de)
GB (2) GB497385A (de)
NL (1) NL45639C (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3245910A (en) * 1963-11-18 1966-04-12 Chevron Res Lubricating oil composition
US3245908A (en) * 1963-11-18 1966-04-12 Chevron Res Lubricant composition
US3245909A (en) * 1963-11-18 1966-04-12 Chevron Res Lubricating composition
US3470099A (en) * 1967-06-05 1969-09-30 Exxon Research Engineering Co Esters of polynuclear alcohols and lubricating oils containing same
US4855073A (en) * 1987-06-12 1989-08-08 Mitsuhiro Murakami Lubricant compositions and methods for preparation of same

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3245910A (en) * 1963-11-18 1966-04-12 Chevron Res Lubricating oil composition
US3245908A (en) * 1963-11-18 1966-04-12 Chevron Res Lubricant composition
US3245909A (en) * 1963-11-18 1966-04-12 Chevron Res Lubricating composition
US3470099A (en) * 1967-06-05 1969-09-30 Exxon Research Engineering Co Esters of polynuclear alcohols and lubricating oils containing same
US4855073A (en) * 1987-06-12 1989-08-08 Mitsuhiro Murakami Lubricant compositions and methods for preparation of same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB503177A (en) 1939-03-26
GB497385A (en) 1938-12-19
ES144034A1 (es) 1938-02-16
FR826087A (fr) 1938-03-22
NL45639C (de)

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