US2193546A

US2193546A - Heat insulating materials

Info

Publication number: US2193546A
Application number: US243729A
Authority: US
Inventors: William F Astley
Original assignee: Union Asbestos and Rubber Co
Current assignee: Union Asbestos and Rubber Co
Priority date: 1938-12-03
Filing date: 1938-12-03
Publication date: 1940-03-12
Anticipated expiration: 1957-03-12

Description

Marhdz *1940- Aw. F, sTLl-:Y 2,193,546

HEAT INSULATING NIAIERIALS Filed nec. s, 193s JUL UL JUL y @LWL-LWLIILIJI'I .1%lllg-'L- H l ll rlgllljEJ-TL.

Patented Mar. 12, 1940A UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE;

, 2,193,546 HEAT INSULA'HNG MATERIALS William F. Astley, Cicero, Ill., assignor to Union Asbestos & Rubber Company, Chicago, Ill., a

corporation of-Illlnois Application December 3, 1938, Serial No. 248,729

\ v v 2 Claims.

Vheat insulating blankets of heat insulating units.

may be woven in a single operation so that such blankets may be constructed with a minimum amount of labor and at a minimum cost. Another object of the invention is the provision of an improved insulating blanket of loose fiber units of asbestos and interla'cing or interwoven fabric portions, which is durable, and can be cut at any point and will not unravel easily.

Another object of the invention is the provision of an improved insulating blanket of asbestos or the like, in which the major -portion of the blanket consists of relatively loose'ber units of asbestos'bers and the interlacng or interwoven portions of the blanket are reduced to a minimum amount necessary for holding the blanket to-, gether and preventing unraveling when the blanket has been cut to, desired shapes.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description and the accompanying drawing, in which similar characters of referenceindicate similar parts throughout the several views.

' Referring to the single sheet of drawings,

Fig. 1 is a fragmentary elevational view of a portion of an insulating blanket constructedv according to the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary sectional view, taken on the plane of the line 2-2 of. Fig. 1, looking in the direction of the arrows;

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary sectional view, taken on the plane of the line 3-3 of Fig. l, looking in the direction of the arrows showing the structure of a part of the'weave;

Fig. 4 is an edge elevational view of the blanket, showing the weaving at the edge of the blanket;` A

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary view' in perspective of the insulating unit which forms the body of the blanket.'

Referring to the drawing, and particularly to Fig'. 5, the present blankets may be woven of various types of insulating units of asbestos and other mineral and vegetable bers. One form of insulating unit is shown in Fig. 5, and it comprises amultiplicity of strands ofeasbestos fibers, such as, for example, '21 strands, which are gathered together to form a bundle.

These strands, indicated by the numeral I0, are held together'in a bundle Il by aplurality of spirally extending cotton threads I2, such as, 'for example, lthree cotton threads. The same function may be performed in some cases by a lesser number oi threads, and in some embodi- (Cl. 139-420i ments of the invention a single cotton or asbestos) thread. The threads are tightlyl twisted tension members which are adapted to hold the hundles together and to, give the' bundle increased ten-A sile strength, as the loose asbestos bers have a minimum of tensile strength when arranged in loose strands. l

The complete insulating unit is indicated by the numeral I3, and these insulating, units I3 serve as the warp members in the blanket, which is indicated by the numeral I. 'Ihe size of such insulating units and the number of strands in the bundle may be varied considerably, depending upon the thickness of the' blanket desired, and the blanket may be woven in'one or two or three or more layers of the type shown in Figs. 1-4, the respective layers being bound together by having certain warp threads act as binders.

In addition to the insulating units for warp threads, the blanket preferably includes other- Referring to Figs. 1, 2, and s, it wm Ybe 'noted '1 by a plurality of woven portions of fabric, such as, for example, the portion 26 at each edge,

lthe Woven fabric 21 above and the woven fabric portions 28 below in Figs. 1 and 2.

The specific form of weave may be varied considerably so that the

fabric portions

26, 21, 28 may be of diierent appearance and characteristics, depending upon the conventional types of weave employed.

In the examples shown the weft thread 22 extends over the warp thread I5 under the warp thread I6,I and over the warp thread I'I. The weft thread 22 also extends over all of the insulating units I3, but it extends over the Warp thread I8 and under the warp thread I9, and lwarp threads I8, I9 are so arranged between each of the insulating units I3.

The shuttle brings back the same thread, 'f

which reappears in the fabric as theweft thread 2|, which extends under the -warp thread I5," over warp thread IG, and under warp thread I'I.-

Thexyweft thread 2I also extends over all of the insulating units I3,` but it extends under the Warp thread I8 and over the -warp thread I9.

At the sewage or @per edge (Fig. 1) the weft 60 thread 2l is bent backward and re-appears as 'the weft thread 20 in the fabric portion 21 at the top of the blanket, and this thread 20 vis arranged with respect to the other threads of the blanket in the same manner as described with respect to the weft thread'ZZ.

The weft threads are, therefore, oppositely arranged with respect to the Warp ,threads which they engage. The weft threads 20-22 are above the insulating units I3, While the weft threads 23-25 are below the insulating units I3. The warp threads I8 and I9, as shown in Fig. 2, also extend from the top to the bottom of the blanket between the

respective fabric portions

21 and 28, and thus the fabric portions 21 above and 28 below the blanket tend to confine the loose bers into blanket form and prevent their escape from the interlacing fabric of threads.

The blanket constructed according to the present invention may be woven upon a loom in one operation, but the loom must be reconstructed or specially constructed for the purpose of manufacturing this material, particularly in the fol lowing respects.

, The insulating units I3 are not of sufllcient tensile strength to be handled like ordinary threads, they cannot be permitted to chate against each other or against adjacent threads, and must be protected during the operation of weaving in a special manner. They cannot ordi narily be wound on ordinary reels, and the insulating units are coiled loosely in barrels. 'I'heir tensile strength is sufficient so they may be lifted from the barrels and fed by means of the feed rolls. As the insulating units I3 approach the' active part of the loom, they extend intometal guided, and protected between the reeds and above and below the shuttle.

Each insulating unit I3 passes through two tubes, which are pivotally secured together so that they may be lifted at the pivotal point by means of suitable heddles to form the shed.

Furthermore, the ends of these tubes are also controlled by heddles, and `at the point where the insulating unit I3 enters the tube, the tube is preferably provided with a tapered formation for smoothing out the insulating unit and shaping it to the shape shown in Fig. 3.

' Another change that must be made in a loom to handle material of this type is that the heddles must be suitably arranged to control the guiding tubes -for the insulating units I3, and the reed must be coarse enough and ,have spaces large enough to pass the tubes which guide the' insulating units I3. V)

The method of weaving the blanket consistsin drawing the insulating units from loose coils and guiding them during the process of weaving in protective tubular members which are moved in the manner in which an ordinary warpthread would be moved by means of heddles, during which time the weft threadsare interwoven with the warp threads, as described, by means of an ordinary shuttle.

It will thus be observed that I have invented an improved blanket consisting of insulating units of large, loose, soft characteristics, preferably constructed of insulating material, such as asbestos fibers, in which the large, loose,1soft insulating units are conned between interlacing portions-of fabric above and below and at the edges of the blanket.

The weave of the fabric is close and tight enough so that the blanketfwill not unravel when it is cuty at any ,particular point; yet the major portion of the blanket is constructed of the loose, soft insulating units, which are bound close together and form a continuous blanket ofd substantially homogeneous characteristics.

Thev blanket may be'very economically manufactured because it may be woven all in one operation on a suitably constructed loom, according to the method described, and itis of high insulating value and adapted to withstand vibration and impact for a long period of time, without losing its insulating characteristics.- It is adapted to be `penetrated and shaped about ir. regularities or projecting parts with ease; but when engaged on a fiat surface, maintains its homogeneous insulating characteristics for a long period of time.

While I have illustrated a preferred embodi ment of my invention, many modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and I do not wish to be limited to the precise details of construction set forth, but desire to avail myself of all changes within the scopev of the appended claims.

Having thus describedmy invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is:

1. In an insulating blanket the combination of a plurality of large, loose,l soft insulating members of asbestos fibers having spirally wound cords about said members, said members being the warp members of .the fabric with a plurality of groups of weft members comprising transversely extending cords arranged with groups alternately above andbelow said soft insulating members and a plurality of cords serving as auxiliary warp members located in groups betweenv said soft insulating members and interwoven with' 2. In an msunting banket the combination of a plurality of large, loose, soft insulating members of asbestos fibers having spirally wound cords about said members, said members being the warp members of the fabric with a pluraity of groups of weft members comprising transversely extending cords arranged with groups alternately above and below said soft insulating members and a plurality of cords servingas auxiliary warp members located in groups` between said soft insulating members and interwoven with said cord weft members, said blanket also having at each edge a group of cord warp members interwoven with said cord weft members, whereby the blanket is provided with a plurality of regularly spaced woven portions above and below said soft insulating members and at the outer edgesl of said soft insulating members to form awoven selvage and to bind said soft insulating memlbers together into a-unitary blanket, said soft insulating members comprising a multiplicity of strands of asbestos fibers and said cords having their major portion of bers formed of asbestos.

WILLIAM F. ASTLEY.