US2192814A - Building structure - Google Patents

Description

R E L s s E G BUILDING' STRUCTURE Filed April 16, 1938 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 March 5, 1940. s. GEssLER 2,192,814

BUILDING STRUCTURE Filed April 16, 1938 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Mar. 5, 1940 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE l BUILDING STRUCTURE Application April l6, 1938, Serial No. 202,540

5 Claims.

This invention relates and methods.

More particularly, the invention relates to the provision of durable sheets or slabs of material which are readily adapted through instrumentalities of relatively simple means also embodied in the invention to be secured to a wall, exteriorly or interiorly thereof, for providing a neat iinishing surface as well as a weather protection, the sheets or slabs being secured to the wall in such manner as to provide highly eflicient insulation as well as providing for air-conditioning of the interiors of buildings with which such slabs are associated.

While many different kinds of material are now used in the external finish of buildings and particularly the sides thereof, nevertheless none fullls all the various requirement*L of such structures.

Finishing or siding material for buildings, in order to fulll the varied requirements of such structure, should (a) withstand the Weather elements, (b) have a high insulating capacity, (c) be impervious to moisture, (d) be resistant to the collection of dirt, (e) not require periodic applications of paint, and (f) present a permanent attractive appearance.

It is well known that no one of the many materials now used for the sides of buildings fits all these requirements. Thus Wooden weather boarding is of expensive maintenance in that it requires periodic painting, stucco lacks permanence and in many instances is not impervious to moisture, shingles present substantially the same objection as wooden weather boarding, and While the more recently adopted forms of siding,

to building structures such as asbestos, more nearly iulll the maximum requirements, still such material, due to its rough surface, readily collects dirt whereby the appearance thereof is impaired and which cannot be easily restored.

Furthermore, it is highly important in structures of this kind, particularly when utilized with a solid wall such as masonry, that a dead air space be provided between the siding and the Wall to which it is attached whereby to eiiiciently insulate the building as well as prevent condensation of moisture internally of the siding with resultant impairment of said siding.

It is also important when using siding materia?. particularly of the weather board type unerein the successive sheets or slabs lap, that an accurate engagement be provided at such laps whereby to effectively prevent the ingress of moisture to the space between the siding and the wall to which it is secured.

It is a primary object of the present invention to provide sheets of material adapted for the sides and roofs of buildings which are of such 5 construction as to substantially fulfill the above noted requirements in structures of this kind.

A further object of the invention is the provision of sheets of material having dirt-excluding and weather-resisting external surfaces, the 10 sheets being beveled for lapping engagement on the Walls or roofs of buildings and being provided with suitable clip-receiving recesses for ready application to and positive retention on such walls or roofs. w

A still further object of the invention is a novel method of applying such sheets to the walls of the building whereby to provide for maximum insulation as Well as to provide for ventilation of the building to which such sheets may be secured.

It is a still further object of the invention to provide elongated channel members adapted for ready application to the walls of buildings, and novel clip members adapted for ready application to the channels, together with novel nishing or surfacing sheets which are provided with recesses adapted to receive such clips thereby providing a finishing surface for such Walls which in addition to fulfilling the usual requirements of such structures provides dead air spaces between said channels, the Wall, and. finishing material which materially aids in insulating the building as well as'providing for the circulation of air therethrough in Ventilating the interior of such buildings.

For a more complete understanding of the nature and objects of the invention, reference should be had to the following detailed description taken in connection with the accompanying 40 drawings, wherein:

Figure 1 is a sectional perspective view of a Wall disclosing the application of my improved slabs or weather boarding thereto.

Fig. 2 is a transverse sectional view of a wall 45 disclosing the novel construction of the siding sheets as well as the novel means and method of securing same to the wall.

Fig. 3 is a partial perspective view of one of the improved channels embodied in my invention together with one of the sheet-attaching clips operatively engaged therewith.

Fig. 4 is a transverse sectional view through a channel of modified construction and disclosing a modified form of clip in top plan view.

Fig. 5 is a fragmental vertical sectional view of a wall disclosing a modified form of siding or finishing material together with a modified form of clip for maintaining such material in applied position to the Wall.

Fig. 6 is an inside elevational view of the sheets of material shown in Fig. 5, and particularly illustrating a novel slot construction for receiving the said clip.

Fig. '7 is a fragmental vertical section disclosing a further embodiment of my invention.

Fig. 8 is a side elevational view of finishing sheets or slabs arranged substantially in the manner represented in Fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is a fragmental perspective view of a roof disclosing shingle sheets constructed in accordance with my invention and applied to such roof through the instrumentality of my improved channel and clip members.

Fig. 10 is a sectional perspective, more or less diagrammatic in nature, illustrating a novel method of ventilation made possible through the utilization of my improved siding material together with the novel channel construction for separating the same from the wall.

Referring to the drawings by reference characters, and wherein like characters designate like parts, the letter W generally designates a wall construction of any well known form and which may be of wood, brick, masonry or any other construction so far as the adaptation of my invention thereto is concerned. The novel sheets or slabs in accordance with my invention are, when the same are to be used as siding, in the general form of weather boarding now in use and each is designated at I0 on the drawings, particularly Figs. 1 and 2. The sheets or slabs III may be constructed of any desired lengths and widths, and, as is more clearly illustrated in Fig. 2, each has an outer plane face II which is beveled or inclined relative to the adjacent face of the wall construction to which the sheets are secured. The rear face I2 of each sheet is parallel with the adjacent wall face from the upper relatively thin edge of the sheet to a point I3 adjacent the lower edge of the sheet, from which point the rear face extends to the lower edge in parallelism with the outer face II, as is indicated at I4.

'Ihis construction permits lapping of the sheets as is clearly indicated in Fig. 2 with the outer exposed surface simulating ordinary weather boarding and with the rear inner faces in substantial parallelism with the wall construction throughout the vertical heights of the lapping side sheets. l

The sheets or slabs I0 desirably may be of the construction disclosed in my Patent No. 2,134,389, issued October 25, 1938, wherein each comprises a tough fibrous core I5 enclosed within a sheet of glass-fused steel I6, as is illustrated in Fig. 2.

However, the invention is not limited to the use of this specific material as the sheets or slabs may be constructed from enameled galvanized sheet iron, pre-cast cement, terra-cotta, sawed stone, or glass slabs.

The improved sheets II) are in accordance with my invention secured to the wall W by a novel method and means which includes a plurality of metal channels I'l which in a preferred embodiment thereof are preferably of the construction illustrated in Fig. 3, in which gure a channel of substantially full scale is illustrated, such channels preferably being about one inch deep and one and a half inches wide and each comprising a rear wall I8, side walls I9, and front flanges defining a slot 2| therebetween.

These channels I1, particularly, when utilized with longitudinally disposed sheets are arranged vertically and in practicev are spaced approxi- 5 mately sixteen inches apart, as is more clearly represented in Fig. l, the channels being apertured at suitable intervals in their rear Walls I8 to receive screws or other attaching elements 22 for rigidly attaching such channels to the wall W.

It is, of course, to be understood that the wall is thoroughly waterproofed prior to the application of these channels and that the outer faces of the channels are accurately leveled or alined prior to final tightening thereof by the screws 22 whereby to provide for easy assemblage of the sheets or slabs as Well as an accurate finish when applied.

My invention further includes novel clip elements 24, one of which is more clearly illustrated in Fig. 3 and which embodies a substantially rectangular base 25 substantially of the transverse contour of the interior of the channel, a neck 26 which extends through the slot 2I in the channel, and an upturned end or hook element 21. These clip elements are secured within the channels in vertically spaced relation, the spacing being of course in accordance with the type of siding material to be employed together with the position of the recessing, about to be described, in such siding for receivingsuch clips.

In order to maintain the clips in vertically spaced relation in the channels as well as to afford vertical support for the sheets of material the sides I9 of the channels are provided with small holes 28 which are arranged in vertically spaced pairs, with those of each pair approximately one-half inch apart and in vertically offset relation substantially equal to the thickness of the base 25 of the clip 24. These holes are adapted for the reception of nails or like elements as indicated more particularly in Fig. 3 wherein the front nails 29 extend under the base 25 and the rear nails 30 extend over the base 25, the front nails 29 functioning as fulcrums and the rotative movement of the clips thereon due to the weight of the sheets being resisted by the nails 30.

A modied form of channel I'I is illustrated in Fig. 4 which embodies a rear wall I8' and forwardly converging side walls I9. With this form of channel the clip 24 will be modied to the extent of having a substantially triangular base portion 25', as is clearly illustrated in Fig. 4. 'Ihe slabs or sheets I0 are each provided with recesses 32 adjacent their lower or thicker edges and with openings 33 adjacenttheir upper or thinner edges, the recesses 32 communicating with vertical slots 34. v

With this arrangement of recesses and openings, together with the clips before described, the sheets I0 are readily applied in succession by moving same horizontally with the clips of adjacent vertical series alined with recesses 32 and openings 33 whereupon, after receiving the clips within such recesses and openings, the sheets are lowered vertically with the result that the hooks 21 engage within the slots 34 thereby positively maintaining the sheets in engagement with the flanges 20 of the supporting channels I'I.

When utilizing sheets or slabs l0' which are of uniform thickness and have their edges in abutting relation as indicated in Figs. 5 and 6, Clips 24a 0f Substantially T-shape in side view may be utilized. the sheets lo' when utilizing such TS form of clips must, of course, be provided with recesses such as illustrated in Fig. 6 wherein the mating recesses 35 communicate with slots 36 whereby the sheets Ill may be horizontally positioned on the clips and thereafter moved into the planes thereof for shifting the clips from the recesses 35 into either of the slots 36.

Figs. 7 and 8 illustrate the application of finishing sheets or slabs Illa which are abutted and with their joints extending vertically. The sheets arranged in this manner may of course be readily attached to the channels Il orl l1 in the manner above described in connection with sheets lll; however, the upper ends of such sheets particularly when visible may be secured in position by clips 24b which lie ush with the upper edges of the sheets and have their hooks extending vertically downwardly within slots in said sheets. 'Ihese clips of course may be engaged within the slots by movement of the clips themselves after which they may be retained by means similar to the nails 29 and 3U heretofore described.

In Fig. 9 is illustrated a fragment of a roof construction illustrating sheets in the form of shingles and which are preferably constructed in the same manner as the sheets I0 illustrated in Fig. 2. The sheets or shingles 38 are secured in position in the same manner as sheets I 0 through the intervention of the channels I1 as illustrated in Fig. 9.

From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that the channels l1 not only provide a means for accurately and firmly securing the sheets in position but due to their depth provide an air space, as is clearly indicated 1n Figs. 1 and 2, and which extends throughout the vertical heights of the channels and may be made to extend all the way around a building by providing the side walls I9 of the channels with suitably spaced apertures 40, as illustrated in Fig. 2, thereby providing for the circulation of air transverse of the length of the channels. However, the relatively small gaps at the lapping points of the sheets will permit circulation of air between the various channels.

This air space provides a highly eicient insulation as Well as otherwise avoiding condensation of moisture on thev interior of the sheets I0 which, of course, would result in deterioration of their structure.

Furthermore, this air space avoids the present necessity of furring and lathing the inner surfaces of outside walls to avoid dampness penetrating the plaster, as with the present construction the plaster can be applied directly to the inner surface of the wall Without any possibility of dampness coming therethrough.

My invention further includes a novel method together with certain simplified structures for causing the circulation of air through the dead air space above referred to as well as a room confined within the walls' to f hich the sheets are applied, thereby eectively Ventilating the interior of the building.

In Fig. 10 is illustrated more or less diagrammatically the method of ventilation above referred to. As shown in this figure the upper sheet l0 is provided with openings 4l at suitable spaced intervals for putting the dead air space between the channels I1 into communication with the atmosphere, these openings preferably being disposed under the eaves of the roof in order to prevent rain from entering such openings.

The base-board B is provided with one or more registers or other selectively controlled air-inlet openings 42 which are in communication with the air space between channels I1 adjacent the bottoms thereof and a suitable shutter controlled opening 43 is provided, preferably .in the upper window facing f which is in communication with the atmosphere through a suitable screen 44.

With this arrangement, cool air will enter openings 4I, move downwardly between the channels I1 and enter the room through the registers 42 as is indicated by the arrows in Fig. 10, the warmer air will escape from the room through the openings 43 as is also indicated by the arrows in Fig. 10 thereby providing an effective circulation of air through the room without the presence of endangering drafts commonly experienced in various efforts toward ventilation of rooms.

From the foregoing disclosure it will be seen that I have, in accordance with this invention, provided a novel formi of finishing sheet or Weather board which is highly efficient in itself, together with simple means for securing same to walls of various constructions in such manner as to provide highly ecient insulation as well as to provide for a novel method of eiiiciently Ventilating the room or rooms within a building with which my improved sheets are used.

While I have disclosed but certain specific embodiments of my invention, same are of course to be considered as illustrative only, and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being dened in the sub-joined claims.

What I claim and desire to secure by United States Letters Patent is:

1. A surfacing structure for walls comprising sheets of material having adjacent edges overlapped, a plurality of spaced openings in one of the sheets within the range of overlap, a plurality of clip receiving recesses in the adjacent sheet in alinement'with the openings in the first sheet, and clip members secured to the wall extended throug the openings, and interlocked with the second sheet Within said recesses.

2. In weatherboard construction for buildings,4

elongated sheets of material for attachment to a wall of a building, said sheets being relatively thick at one edge and relatively thin at the opposite edge for overlapping at their adjacent edges, each sheet having spaced recesses terminating in clip engaging slots adjacent its thicker edge and having spaced openings adjacent itsthinner edge for -alinement with the recesses in an overlapped adjacent sheet, the alined openings and recesses being adapted to receive clips secured to said wall with portions thereof engaged within said slots for holding said sheets in fixed overlapping relation.

3. The structure defined in claim 2 wherein said sheets have their opposite faces parallel adjacent said recesses and have their opposite faces inclined adjacent said openings.

4. In a building Wall construction, a wall proper, spaced parallel channel members secured to the outer surface of said wall proper, surfacing material engaging said channel members for providing a finish for the wall, the surfacing material having overlapped edges, pre-formed recesses in said edges, and clip members disposed within the channel members and including angular portions detachably engaged in said recesses for rigidly holding the surfacing material in fixed position and maintaining the same in engagement with the channel members.

5. A building Wall construction comprising a wall proper, outwardly facing channel members Secured to the outer surface of said wall proper in parallel spaced relation, clips having base portions adju'stably supported within said channel members and also ha\ri11g angular extensions, and surfacing sheets in contact with said channel 5 members and having pre-formed recesses therein detachably engaged by said angular extensions.

and elongated members removably engaged in apertures in opposite sides of the channel members and contacting opposite sides of the base portions of the clips for adjustably supporting same.

SAMUEL GESSLER.

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