US2192442A

US2192442A - Internal combustion engine

Info

Publication number: US2192442A
Application number: US751491A
Authority: US
Inventors: Samuel K Hoffman
Original assignee: AVIAT Manufacturing CORP
Current assignee: AVIAT Manufacturing CORP; AVIATION MANUFACTURING Corp
Priority date: 1934-11-05
Filing date: 1934-11-05
Publication date: 1940-03-05
Anticipated expiration: 1957-03-05

Description

March 5, 1940- s. K. HOFFMAN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE F'iled'Nov. 5, 1934 s Sheets-Sheet 1 March 5, 1940. s HOFFMAN 2,192,442

II I'lERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Nov. 5, 1934 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Mar. 5, i940 UNITE mm OFFICE INTERNAL COMBUST IGN ENGINE Samuel K. Hoffman, Willianisport, Pa, assignor,

by means assignments, to Aviation niacturlng Corporation, Chicago, lit, a corporation of Delaware Application November 5, 19341, vtierialirio. 751,491 l 2 Claims.

ment which includes a lubricant pump and an impeller for the coolant which, in starting, are adapted to be operated independently of the crank-shaft and pistons and other operating parts of the auin'liary equipment, so that the lubricant and fluid which is normally used for cooling may be pre-heated to circulate heated fluid to increase the temperature of the working parts of the engine and aid combustion and heat' ed oil to reduce friction in the working parts preparatory ,to, and for facilitating the starting of the engine.

Other objects of the invention will appear from the detailed description.

The invention consists in the several novel features'hereinafter set forth and more particularly defined by claims at the conclusion hereof. In the drawings: Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of a portion of an internal combustion engine having the invention applied thereto. Fig. 2 is a transverse section taken on line 2-2 of Fig. 1. Fig. 31s a section on an enlarged scale taken on line 3-3 of Fig. 2, illustrating the reversible shaft between the engine and the auxiliary assembly and the over-running clutch for driving the lubricant pump and impeller for cooling fluid and the driving mechanism therefor. Fig. 4 is an elevation of the reversible drive-shaft for the auxiliary equipment positioned so it will drive the auxiliary equipment in the same direction as shown in Fig. 3 froman' oppositely rotating engine.

The invention is exemplified in an engine comprising a casing or crank-case 20; a crank-shaft 23 which is journaled in the crank-case at 2|! and such other usual elementsof an internal combustion engine, all of which may be of any suitable construction, as well understood in the art. The auxiliary equipment of the engine comprises a rotary pump B for supercharging the engine; an electric starter C connectable to initially drive the crank-shaft; a rotary pump D.

for forcing the .air or cooling fluid to the cooling means for the engine; a fuel-charging pump E and a pump G for circulating lubricant through the lubricating system of the engine, all of which are of the uni-directional rotary type or connected to the engine so that each will function J by rotation in a single direction. The crank-case 5 is formed of vertically divided sections. The auxiliary equipment is driven from one end of. the

crank-shaft 23. The driving mechanism for the auxiliary equipment is carried in a rearward extension 26 of the crank-case 20 and a sectional Ill casing or housing which is carried by the enginecase and comprises a head 24 and a housing 21, both of which are removably secured to the rear end of the extension 26.

The mechanism for driving the auxiliary equipment comprises a hollow shaft 28 which is reversible from. end to end and is provided with splines 36 adjacent, but spaced from, one of its ends and splines 36 at its other end; an axially extending socket 29 in the outer end of the crank- 10 shaft 23 which is provided with elongated splines 29 which are adapted to interflt with either of the

splines

30, 30 according to the position of the shaft 28; a bevel-gear 33 which is provided with an integral hollow shaft 3! carried in a 33 ball-bearing 32 and with a hub 34 which is jour-' naled 'in the spider 35, and is provided with splines 31 which are adapted to be driven by splines 30 on shaft 28; a mating bevel-gear 38 which is coaxial with gear 33 and provided with 0 I a hub which is journaled in spider 36; and a set ,of intermediate gears 40', 4 I, 42, which mesh constantly with both of the

gears

33, 36. Gears 46, 4|, 42 transmit power between

gears

33, 36 and are, respectively, adapted to drive in the same 35 direction the elements of the uni-directional auxiliary equipment from a crank-shaft which is driven either in one or the opposite direction.

Shaft 28 is reversible from end to end to drive either of the

rotatable gears

33, 36, which are m driven in relatively opposite directions through gears 46, il and 42, in the same direction as the crank-shaft or engine. I For this purpose, when shaft 28 is in one position (Fig. 3), splines 30 on shaft 28 interfit with the splines 29 and splines 5 30 on shaft 28 interfit with splines 31 on gear 33 and drive the gear 33 in the same direction as the crank-shaft when shaft 28 is in one of its alternative positions. In the reversed position v(F'ig. 4) of shaft 23, splines 30 will interfit with the inner ends of the splines 29* in the crank- V shaft and splines 30 on shaft 28 will interfit with splines 31 on gear 36 and drive the gear 36 in the same direction as the crank-shaft 23. The rotary auxiliary equipment is usually adapted for operation in one direction only. When the shaft 28 is coupled, for example, to the crank-shaft of an engine with right-hand rotation, and to gear 33, as shown in Fig. 3, gear 33 will drive the gears All, 4|, 62 in the correct direction for operating the rotary auxiliary equipment. When the equipment is to be used with an engine or crank-shaft with left-hand rotation, the shaft 28 is reversed (Fig. 4) to position splines on shaft 28 where they will interfit with the inner ends of splines 29 and splines 30 on shaft a will interfit with the splines 3'! on gear 26. As a result, gear 36 will be driven in the same direction as the crank-shaft and the auxiliary equipment will be driven in the same direction as it is driven by gear 33 when the latter is operated from an oppositely rotating engine. This feature adapts the auxiliary equipment for selective functioning with either a left or right-hand engine. The axes of the three beveled intermediate gears 46, 4| and 42 are radial from the axis of the

gears

33, 36 to provide compact mechanism for driving the auxiliary equipment.

Beveled intermediate gear 46 is provided with an integral shaft 43 which is mounted in a sectional head 44 which is removably secured in the extension 26 of the crank-case 20 and is adapted to be driven by an electric starter C which may be of any suitable construction. A ratchet clutch 46 is provided on the outer end of. shaft 43 and is adapted to be driven by co-axial clutch wheel 41 on the starter. Clutch wheel 41 is adapted to be automatically coupled with clutch wheel 46 when the starter is operated to start the motor, as well understood in the art.

When reversible shaft 28 is connected to drive gear 33, the starter, through gear 40, will drive the crank-shaft in one directiomand when shaft 28 is coupled to gear 36, the direction of rotation of the crank-shaft by gear will be in'the opposite direction. As a result, the starter mechanism is adapted to drivethe crank-shaft to start the engine according to the selected direction of rotation of the engine and by the reversal of shaft 28.

Beveled intermediate gear 4|, which meshes with

beveled gears

33, 36, is mounted in a sectional head 48 which is removably secured in housing-member 21 and is provided with an integral shaft 5|].- A pinion 5| is splined to the outer end of shaft 5|) and meshes with an internal gear 52 on the shaft 53 of the fuel-charging pump E which is removably secured against the outerend of the head 48 and with said head to housing-member 21. The fuel-charging pump 54 is of the rotary type and may be of any suitable,

construction, as well understood in the art.

Beveled gear 42, which also meshes with oppositely rotating, beveled

gears

33, 36, has an integral shaft 58, which is journaled in a sectional head 59, which is mounted in the cylindrical member of the casing extension 26. Shaft 58 is connected to drive a co-axial shaft 6| also mounted in head 59 through an over-running or one-Way spring clutch 62 mounted in cylindrical recesses in the contiguous ends of said shafts, so'as to per-- mit shaft 6| to be driven in one direction independently of the shaft 58, intermediate gears 40, 4|, 42 and the

gears

33, 36.

A shaft 63 for operating the coolant pump D and co-axial with shafts 6| and 58, is journaled ina head 64 which is removably secured to a member of the case-extension 26, and has its upper end splined to shaft 6|. The pump D comprises a casing 65, consisting of a member integrally formed with the head 63, a cover 66, and a rotor or impeller d for circulating fluid through the cooling means of the engine fixed to the lower end of shaft 63, which extends into casing 65. The casing has a depending inlet duct 66 and outlet duct 61 for delivering cooling fluid to the engine, wherever desired. Since gear 62, which drives the impeller for the cooling fluid, is alternately driven by

gears

33, 36, when the engine is rotating in opposite directions, the impeller will always be driven in the same direction and function to deliver the cooling fluid to the engine. Shaft 63 is sealed'by packings 68, glands 69, and a spring 16 interposed between the glands.

A gear H is formed on the hollow shaft 6| which is driven by the over-running or one-way clutch 62 and serves to drive the lubricant pump G. Gear ll meshes with an idler gear I2 which is mounted on a stud 73 which is carried by a head 9 which is removably secured to the bottom of the casing-extension 26, which contains an oil sump from which lubricant can flow to pump G. Idler gear 12 meshes with a gear M which is fixed to the'drive-shaft I5 of the pump G which is illustrated as the three-stage type, each stage comprising a pair of intermeshing gears TI, 76. Two of the stages may be connected to scavenge the lubricating oil from the crank-case and one may be used to supply lubricating oil under pressure to the lubricating system of the engine. The case g of pump G is removably mounted on .the head 9 which is secured to the casing-extension 26. Since the lubricating pump G is driven from beveled gear 42 through shafts 58, 6|, gears H, 12, 14, and gear 42 is driven in the same direction while the engine is driven in either direction, through the selective adjustment of shaft 28, the gear-pump G will be driven in the same direction at all times, to function with the engine while it is driven in either direction or with a right or a lefthand engine.

A hollow shaft III is journaled in a head ||2 which is removably secured in the housing-member 21 and carries at its inner end an integral beveled gear 3 which meshes with a beveled gear 4 integral with the shaft 6| which is driven through the over-running spring clutch 62. The outer end of shaft III is provided with a splined socket 5 to adapt it to receive the shaft of a small electric motor a: which is illustrated in Fig. 2 as detached from the assembly. The purpose of the over-running clutch 62 and this shaft is to permit the impeller for the cooling fluid and the lubricant pumps, which are also driven by shaft 6| to be operated independently of the engine and the other auxiliary equipment.

Starting the engine in cold weather is sometimes dimcult and, by supplying pro-heated liquid to the cooling means for the engine from impeller D and pre-heated lubricant to the lubricant-circulating system of the engine, the temperature of the working parts of the engine will be increased and facilitate the starting of the engine.

When this is desired the shaft of a small portable electric motor (not shown), or a shaft from any other source of power, can be coupled to the outer end of shaft Hi to drive the shaft 6| through gears I I3, I I4 in the direction for normal operation. The spring-clutch 62 will permit the shaft 6| to rotate in its designed direction while the shaft 58,. which is normally driven from the engine, remains idle. This operation of shaft I will operate the impeller D through shafts 6| and 63 and will operate the lubricant pump G through gears H, 12, 14, In this operation,- any suitable means, such as an electric heater, may be used to heat the lubricant in the pump to cause it to circulate heated oil through the lubricating system of the engine. This exemplifies means for driving, from an outside source, for starting purposes, the impeller D for the coolant and the lubricant pump G, independently of the engine and the other auxiliary equipment driven by gears 33, 48 and 4!, which are normally operated by the engine. By reason of the reversibility of shaft 28, this mechanism is normally operable from a right or left-hand engine.

The rotary pump B for forcing air to supercharge the motor comprises a casing b which is secured to the back of a housing-,member 21 which is fixed to the rear end of the crank-case extension 26, and a rotor or impeller 8| with blades 82 for drawing air from a valve-controlled intake 83 and propelling it from the casing 1) into the manifold b which delivers the air to the intakes of the engine cylinders, as well understood in the art. Rotor 8| is driven from beveled gear 33 so that-it will always be driven in the same direction while the crank-shaft of the motor is rotated in either direction.

The driving mechanism for the impeller B comprises a gear 85 which is splined to the hub of gear 33; a set. of three pinions 85 which mesh with gear 85; a set of three helical gears 93 mounted on shafts 81; a hydraulic drive H between each of the pinions 86 and gear 93: and a helically toothed pinion 94 which meshes with the gears 93 and is integrally formed with the shaft 95 to which the impeller 8| is splined.

Since the super-charger is driven from beveled gear 33 through the gearing last described, it will always be driven in the same direction while the engine is rotated in opposite direction.

A shaft I06, co-axial with the crank-shaft and shaft 28, is splined at NJ! to the shaft 3| of gear 33. This'shaft extends outwardly through the hollow shaft 95 which carries and drives the impeller head 8| and has its outer end journaled in a bearing I08 carried by the casing I9 of the super-charger. The outer end of this shaft has a splined socket I09 which is adapted to receive a shaft for any additional auxiliary mechanism desired. A cap H0 is secured to enclose the end of shaft I86 when it is not in use.

In operation, the engine drives the entire auxiliary equipment through shaft 28. If the engine is set to operate, or is operative in one direction, the shaft 28 will be placed in the position to engage the gear 33 by means of splines 31. The entire auxiliary equipment will then be driven in the proper direction for which it is designed. When the engine is set so as to be, or is operated in the reverse direction, the shaft 28 will be reversed so that its spline 38 will drive the gear 36 which, through gears 40, ll, 42, rotates in the opposite direction to gear33. By connecting the shaft 28 to drive the oppositely rotating gear 36, with the oppositely running crank-shaft, the entire auxiliary equipment will function in its proper direction, notwithstanding the change in direction of rotation of the engine.

When difiiculty is encountered in starting the engine, the pump D and lubricant pump G will be operated from an outside source through shaft HI, as hereinbefore described.

The invention exemplifies means whereby the impeller for coolant may be driven from an outside source and independently of the crank-shaft and other auxiliary equipment, so that heated fluid can be circulated around the engine to increase the temperature and aid combustion preparatory 'to starting the engine. Also means whereby the lubricant pump may be operated from an outside source of power, independently of the crank-shaft, to circulate heated oil through the lubricating system of the engine to reduce friction of the working parts in starting the engine. Also, independently operable auxiliary equipment for these purposes which is adapted to be normally driven from an engine rotating either in a right or left-hand direction.

The invention is not to be understood as restricted to the details set forth since these may be modified within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

- What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In an auxiliary assembly adapted for use with an engine, the combination of a unidirectional rotary device for forcing afluid to the engine, a shaft adapted to be connected to and driven by the engine, an automatically-acting one-way clutch comprising a clutch-spring and a pair of coaxial shafts into both of which the spring is extended, one of said hollow shafts being connected to be driven by the engine-driven shaft and the other of which is connected to drive the device, a transversely extending shaft, gears betweenthe transversely extending shaft and the hollow shaft connected to drive the device, and means for coupling an auxiliary motor to the outer end of the transversely extending shaft.

2. In an auxiliary assembly adapted for use with an engine, the combination of a plurality of uni-directional rotary devices for forcing different fluids to the engine, a shaft adapted to be connected to and driven by the engine, an automatically-acting one-way clutch comprising a clutch-spring and a pair of coaxial shafts into both of which the spring is extended, one of said hollow shafts being connected to be driven by the engine-driven shaft and the other of which is connected to drive both of said devices, a transversely extending shaft, gears between the transversely extending shaft and the hollow shaft connected to drive the devices, and means for coupling an auxiliary motor to the outer end of the transversely extending shaft.

SAMUEL K. HOFFMAN.