US2192214A - Cracking process and apparatus - Google Patents

Cracking process and apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US2192214A
US2192214A US95331A US9533136A US2192214A US 2192214 A US2192214 A US 2192214A US 95331 A US95331 A US 95331A US 9533136 A US9533136 A US 9533136A US 2192214 A US2192214 A US 2192214A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
cracking
fog
stream
separator
tar
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US95331A
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English (en)
Inventor
Horace M Weir
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to US95331A priority Critical patent/US2192214A/en
Priority to DE1937120906D priority patent/DE120906C/de
Priority to DEW101665D priority patent/DE708780C/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2192214A publication Critical patent/US2192214A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
    • C07C2/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by addition between unsaturated hydrocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G9/14—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils in pipes or coils with or without auxiliary means, e.g. digesters, soaking drums, expansion means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B25/00—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems
    • G08B25/12—Manually actuated calamity alarm transmitting arrangements emergency non-personal manually actuated alarm, activators, e.g. details of alarm push buttons mounted on an infrastructure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S261/00—Gas and liquid contact apparatus
    • Y10S261/54—Venturi scrubbers

Definitions

  • the cracking zone is divided into more than two sections and accordingly two or more separators will be required.
  • the tar discharge from all the separators may be brought to .a common point.
  • the pressure in the 'tar discharge line be maintained only slightly better to discharge the tar from one separator back into the main line just in advance of the next separator, with the last separator discharging into the line just in advance of the main pressure-control valve which regulates the pressure of the system.
  • each tar discharge pipe will by-pass a section of the cracking zone. This means that there will be some pressure drop but it will be so slight that it can readily be adjusted.
  • the pressure is so controlled that only enough gas will flow through the tar discharge pipes to insure that they will be kept properly swept out.
  • the hydrocarbon stream consisting essentially of gas, naphtha and gas oil which has not been substantially cooled, passes through section 20 of the cracking apparatus where it is subjected to further cracking treatment, after which it passes by pipe 2I into separator 22.
  • the tarry material separated' by separator I6 is conducted by pipe H to pipe 2I just before the latter enters separator 22.
  • Pipe I1 is provided with a valve I9 set to compensate for the pressure drop in section 20, and allow the tar and a small amount of gas and vapor to pass.
  • the hydrocarbon stream leaving separator 22 passes by pipe 24 to section 26 where it is given its final cracking treatment and it is to be understood that the aggregate cracking in sections I2, 20 and 26 may be considerably more intense'thanthat usually practised in a single cycle, so that very little, if any, unconverted gas-oil will remain, and so-called reforming treatments ordinarilywill be unnecessary.
  • the discharge from section 26 passes through pipe 21 to valve 28 which maintains the desired pressure in the system, and thence at a lower or atmospheric pressure to an evaporator 30 which may be provided with a cooling coil 32.
  • This evaporator is intended for separation of the tar which is discharged by pipe 36 controlled by valve 38.
  • the gas and vapors of naphtha and any residual oil are taken to a fractionating col-. umn as is well understood in the art.
  • the tarry liquid from separator 22 is conducted by pipe 23 to pipe 2! just in advance of valve 28.
  • Pipe 23 is provided with a valve 25 for controlling the pressure drop.
  • Pipes 40 and 42 are provided so that additional liquid may, if desired, be introduced into the hydrocarbon stream as it enters separators I6 and 22.
  • Figs. 2 and 3 I show the detailed construction of th separator I6 and the separator 22 will be the same.
  • the pipe I5 is connected by flange 44 with the cylindrical separator casing I6.
  • the Venturi throat 46 carrying in its mouth the turbine plate 48s
  • This plate is composed of radially arranged blades positioned with their edges slightly overlapping, somewhat like the blades in a blower, but in this case the plate 48 is stationary and the blades give a rapid swirling or rotary motiontothe vapors and fog of tarry droplets that pass through them.
  • a streamlined member 5Il is provided at the center of the guide to eliminate a vortex from the rapidly whirling vapors that emerge from the plate 48; 52 is the discharge mouth of the Venturi which is formed with a gradual increase in radius so that the fog droplets will follow along its surface.
  • Cylindrical expansion nozzle 54 has its inlet end inside the mouth of member 52' with a slight clearance between them to provide an annular slot through which the droplets of tar will pass out to the casing I6.
  • Pipe II conducts the collected tarry liquid from the casing, and ordinarily valve I9 should be set'to permit this liquid and a small amount of vapor to pass through.
  • the bulk of the gas and vapor substantially 60 discharge side of the plate 48 in order to act as a freed from tar will expand in nozzle 54 which converts a portion of the kinetic energy of rotation to pressure head prior to the emergence of the tar-free hydrocarbon stream into pipe I.
  • v heating liquid hydrocarbons to convert them into the vapor phase means for cracking the hydrocarbons at a cracking temperature and under pressureadapted to cause molecular changes to take place including the formation of a fog of extremely finely divided droplets of tarry ma-- terial produced in liquid phase without substantial temperature drop, means for causing the stream of vaporized hydrocarbons and fog of tarry material to flow forward substantially immediately under substantially uniform pressure" and without drop in temperature and acquire a rapid whirling motion while moving continuously forward so that the minute fog droplets are thrown to the periphery of the advancing stream, means for withdrawing substantially immediately a portion of the peripheral layer of such stream to effect separation of the fog droplets and for avoiding recontact within subsequent portions of the cracking zone between said withdrawn portion and the main portion of the stream advancing through the cracking zone.
  • An apparatus as defined in claim 3, in which the means for causing the vaporized hydrocarbons and vfog to whirl and effect separation of the fog droplets from the hydrocarbon stream cornprises a turbine plate having radially arranged, slightly overlapping blades which are adapted to give a. rapid swirling action to the stream of hydrocarbon vapors and fog of tarry droplets that pass through the turbine plate.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Push-Button Switches (AREA)
  • Industrial Gases (AREA)
US95331A 1936-08-11 1936-08-11 Cracking process and apparatus Expired - Lifetime US2192214A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US95331A US2192214A (en) 1936-08-11 1936-08-11 Cracking process and apparatus
DE1937120906D DE120906C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1936-08-11 1937-08-04
DEW101665D DE708780C (de) 1936-08-11 1937-08-04 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Spalten oder Polymerisieren von Kohlenwasserstoffen in der Gasphase

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US95331A US2192214A (en) 1936-08-11 1936-08-11 Cracking process and apparatus

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2192214A true US2192214A (en) 1940-03-05

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US95331A Expired - Lifetime US2192214A (en) 1936-08-11 1936-08-11 Cracking process and apparatus

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US (1) US2192214A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (2) DE120906C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2512253A (en) * 1947-04-10 1950-06-20 Grace W R & Co Centrifugal separator
US2569909A (en) * 1948-01-26 1951-10-02 Power Jets Res & Dev Ltd Nonrotary centrifugal separator
US2797769A (en) * 1954-02-23 1957-07-02 Shell Dev Centrifugal separator
US3104961A (en) * 1959-11-23 1963-09-24 American Air Filter Co Wet dust separators or concentrators of the cyclone type
US3258895A (en) * 1962-10-19 1966-07-05 Joy Mfg Co Device for separating solids from a gaseous medium
US3535850A (en) * 1966-10-28 1970-10-27 Hans J P Von Ohain Centrifugal particle separator
US3844744A (en) * 1971-03-16 1974-10-29 Bischoff Gasreinigung System for discharging flue gases
US4654061A (en) * 1985-05-31 1987-03-31 Union Oil Company Of California Geothermal steam separator
US5178656A (en) * 1990-08-15 1993-01-12 Kuettner Gmbh & Co. K.G. Solid particle separator for gas flows loaded with solid particles
US5861562A (en) * 1997-07-24 1999-01-19 Camco International Inc. Flow measurement mandrel
US20150246307A1 (en) * 2014-03-03 2015-09-03 Mark Harold Whitehead Centrifugal air cleaning system and method

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2512253A (en) * 1947-04-10 1950-06-20 Grace W R & Co Centrifugal separator
US2569909A (en) * 1948-01-26 1951-10-02 Power Jets Res & Dev Ltd Nonrotary centrifugal separator
US2797769A (en) * 1954-02-23 1957-07-02 Shell Dev Centrifugal separator
US3104961A (en) * 1959-11-23 1963-09-24 American Air Filter Co Wet dust separators or concentrators of the cyclone type
US3258895A (en) * 1962-10-19 1966-07-05 Joy Mfg Co Device for separating solids from a gaseous medium
US3535850A (en) * 1966-10-28 1970-10-27 Hans J P Von Ohain Centrifugal particle separator
US3844744A (en) * 1971-03-16 1974-10-29 Bischoff Gasreinigung System for discharging flue gases
US4654061A (en) * 1985-05-31 1987-03-31 Union Oil Company Of California Geothermal steam separator
US5178656A (en) * 1990-08-15 1993-01-12 Kuettner Gmbh & Co. K.G. Solid particle separator for gas flows loaded with solid particles
US5861562A (en) * 1997-07-24 1999-01-19 Camco International Inc. Flow measurement mandrel
US20150246307A1 (en) * 2014-03-03 2015-09-03 Mark Harold Whitehead Centrifugal air cleaning system and method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE120906C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1941-10-29
DE708780C (de) 1941-07-28

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