US2187342A - Exhaust of gases from engines - Google Patents

Description

Jan. 16, 1940. H. COANDA EXHAUST 0F GASES FROM ENGINES Original Filed July 1'7, 1936 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 WW m TN mt NA w W IR T N v A H Jan. 16, 1940. H. COANDA I EXHAUST 0F GASES FROM ENGINES briginal Filed July 17, 1936 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 'INVENTOR: HENRI COANDA ATTORNEYS Jan. 16, 1940. H. COANDA EXHAUST OF GASES FROM ENGINES Original Filed July 17, 1935' 4 ,eet 3 a I a lllll k Ill...

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INVENTOR= I HENRFCOANDA J5 gpfi A TORNEVJ min/ 5/76/76 Kar H Jam. W, H4. 1. EOANDA EXHAUST OF GASES FROM ENGINES Original Filed July 17, .1936 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTUR HENRI UGANDA A? TO N 513 5 WateniedJan. 16, 1940 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,187,342 EXHAUSTOF GASES FROM ENGINES Henri Coanda, Cllchy. France h (llaims.

The present invention, which is a division of my copending application Ser. No. 91,062, filed July 17, 1936 relates to exhaust systems for internal combustion engines.

As disclosed lay my prior Patent No. 2,052,869 when a fluid under pressure, such as exhaust gases, is allowed to escape, in the form of a flat sheet through a thin slot one of the lips of which is prolonged and gradually curved away irom said slot, there is produced along said lip a zone oi suction into'which the surrounding air flows. Therefore, it will be readily understood that, ii a series of such suction zones are disposed at intervals irom one another and are arranged to operate successively, the zone of suction created hr the active lip of one of the slots'can act upon the gases flowing out from the adjacent slot and so on.

ohiect oi the present invention is to pro title an exhaust device leased upon this prim ciple.

According to the invention, this exhaust device includes a manifold receiving the exhaust gases through that pipes and provided, at the places where said fiat pipes open thereinto, with sets of wing-hire devices having, in longitudinal section, in the direction or now of the gases, the shape oi thin slotted aeroioils, Thus, when passing through said slots, the exhaust gases expand along the haclr. iaces oi said wing-like devices lwhich constitute the prolonged lips above re- :ierred tol iormmg along said haclr iaces cones suction which draw the surrounding fluid.

I literature, it will he readily understood that, ll dispose in a suitalole manner in this maniiold these wz' g liire devices and the outlets or" the ill tilt) l devices corresponding to one oi the W enhaust pipes through which the gases are convoted to said manitold, a suction capable oi acting upon the gas stream conveyed by the ad- ;lacent exhaust pipe, and so on.

thither t'eatures oi the present invention will result irom the l'ollowing detailed description oi" some speciiic embodiments thereof.

' ldrcterred embodiments oi the present inven tion will he hereinafter described, with reference to the accompanying drawings, given merely hr war oi eitample, and in which:

l and Fig. 2 are diagrammatic views illusstrating, respectively, the production of a suction none on the outlet side of a thin slot one oi the lips oi which is sumclentlr prolonged, and the reaction oi an elementarr suction at the outlet oi hill an exhaust slot on the flow of the gases from the adjacent slot;

l 'ig, 3 shows an exhaust pipe element conveying the gases to the manifold;

rig. l, shows a radial engine provided with. exhaust pipes leading to a manifold according to the invention;

Fig. s is a sectional View of the manifold into which the exhaust pipes open;

Fig. ii is a longitudinal section on an enlarged scale of a slotted wing-like surface utilized in connection with the maniiold according to the invention;

lug. I shows an element of a circular manilold fitted on a radial engine, partly in section; to

it shows a modification.

Referring to rigs, l. and 2, it a gas flowing at at high velocity is ejected through a thin slot i lei a thickness oi shout 1.5 mm), the gas cripands along a prolonged lip Fr oi the slot, creating thereon a tone oi high suction, due to the fact that the gases expand considerably hevond their initial volume. Thus, in the hatched portion, there is produced a considerable suction due to the enpamlon oi the fluid stream escaping at high pressure through the thin slot i and constituting a cone into which the surrounding air hows in the direction at arrows o.

lilonseouentlr, it will he readily understood that ii distinct gaseous streams are elected in the same manner through adjacent orifices li o, W, lic (Fig. El, at a small distance from one another, it is possilole, hr the production oi suction cones do, 25h, he created at the outlet oi each slot hr the gas stream issuing thereirom, to increase the auction at the preceding stream, and so on.

Reflecting to El and d, the flat eidiaust tuloes connected to the exhaust valve chainhere 6 through tuhes it, first cylindrical, then oi decreasing diameter at and flattened at t, are provided at the rate oi one per cylinder in, lit, "lo, oi a radial engine Each nut tulle t is connected, through flanges d, to a flattened tuloe ll, hent ior instance at it and leading to a manifold it.

this manizlold, a portion or which is shown in section hr litlg. it, consists oi a piece including a pluralitr or not conduits such as its, ltd, tie, into which open the flattened tunes t. Opposite these flat conduits are provided the wing-line devices its, lth, tic, respectively, one oi which is shown on an enlarged scale hp litg. t.

As shown in section hr said Fig. 6, each of these wing-lite devices consists of a plurality oi solid elements idi, We, We, lWcr-ll, its etc, separated from one another by passages 1&2, I43, Mil-1, Mn, etc., forming thin slots. Preferably, these elements I51, I52, I53, "in-1, I511, etc., are themselves of aerofoil section, with a rather blunt leading edge l6. Preferably, also, the winglike devices l3a, l3b, l3c are slightly inclined with respect to the axes of the corresponding conduits l2a, 12b, 120.

These wing-like devices are fixed in any suitable manner to the body of the manifold in the correct position with'respect to the corresponding conduits.

Among these conduits, those which extend to a greater distance inside the manifold, such as I2a, include, on the one hand a wall ll, coinciding with the wall of the manifold, and, on the other hand, a portion l8, for instance hollow at E9, and terminated by a slightly curved part 20, acting on the one hand as a deflector with respect to wing-like device I31) and, on the other hand, as a guide for the gases flowing through tube l2a, so as to direct them toward the back side of the winglike device i3a.

The path of the gases, when travelling from the engine to the manifold, is as follows:

After having undergone a helical movement and having been flattened in conduits 3, E, 5, the ases flow through flat tubes 9, until they .enter flat conduits l2a, I212, I120.

The gases flowing through conduit Ha strike wing-like device 13a over its whole length, due to the inclined position of said wing-like device with respect to the inner face Ha of the wall I! of said conduit.

These gases are divided into elementary sheets flowing through slots I42, I43, |fln1, Min, etc. (Fig. 6). Therefore, considering, for instance, element I511, there is created a zone of suction 26's along the back side 26 of said element I511, this zone ofsuction being slightly stippled on the drawings and projecting beyond the back face 22a of the wing device. The same happens for element I5n-1, forming a zone of suction 2331-1 along the back face 2611-1 of said element, and for all the other elements.

This is due to the fact that, referring to Fig. 6, thin slot in may be considered as equivalent. to the slot F of Fig. 1, the heavy-lined portion of the back face 26 of wing element I511 which extends between the trailing edge of said wing elementand line-Xn-Xn being considered asequivalent to the prolonged rear lip F1 of said slot F.

As this suction zone 26'n extends slightly beyond the trailing edge of the preceding wing element l5n-1, it reacts upon the surrounding fluid and, in particular, upon the gases that have flown through slot I la-1 and increases the suction effect created at 26'n-1 and so on.

. As these zones of suction 2611, 26'11-1, etc. extend slightly beyond the rear face 220 of the wing device, their combined actions produce, at 23a, a zone of suction along said rear face 22a of said wing-like device.-

It is this suction which draws in, through the .free space 2| (Fig. 5) the gases flowing through by said elements l3a and l3a. This suction draws in the gases coming in through tubes 12b, I20, and the space 29, 32 existing between win like devices I31), I30, identical to the wing-like device [3a above described in detail.

It should be noted that the deflector portion 20 of piece l8 prevents any backward flow of the gases.

Also, it should be noted that the zone Z between wing-like devices 13b and I30 is a zone of suction owing to the combined actions of the elementary suction zones 23?) and 230 of said respective devices.

In a modification shown by Fig. 7, the manifold is constituted by a circular flat tube 34, into which open flat tubes 35, into which open flat tubes 5 terminated by a flaring end piece in which there is mounted a wing-like device 36 similar to those above described and acting in the same way. Therefore, along each of these wing-like devices 36, there is created an intensified suction zone 3'! which tends to draw in, in the direction of arrow 40, the gases contained in tube 34 ahead of this zone. The exhaust of the gases into the atmosphere may take place through silencers such as 38.

In the modification of Fig. 8, the manifold is constituted by a flaring element 39 prolonging the flat exhaust tubes A and B connected, for instance, to diiferent engine cylinders, said element 39 being provided with streamlined partitions consisting of wing-like elements a and b, respectively, positioned with respect to one another in such manner as to constitute two wing-like devices similar to those above described in detail, the suction created by wing-like device b acting on the other wing-like system a. i

In a general manner, while I have, in the above description, disclosed what I deem to be practical and eflicient embodiments of the present invention, it should be well understood that I do not wish to be limited thereto as there might be changes made in the arrangement, disposition and form of the parts without departing from the principle of the present invention as comprehended within the scope of the appended claims.

What I claim is:

1. An exhaust device for a fluid flowing at high velocity and under pressure into a medium at lower pressure, which comprises, in combination,

a vessel opening into said medium, at least one flat tube opening into said vessel, and .a slotted structure carried by said vessel opposite the outlet of said tube into said vessel, said structure consisting of a plurality of wing-like elements arranged adjacent and parallel to one another with their leading edges turned toward the direction from which the fluid is flowing, these elements being positioned close to one another, so as to leave slot-like passages between them, and in stepped relation, so that the upper side of each extends beyond the trailing edge of the element located above it and forms an outwardly curved prolonged lip to the slot existing between these two last mentioned wing-like elements, whereby the flow of fluid through each of these slots produces a suction acting on the stream flowing through the next slot above it and facilitates the flow of fluid along the back part of said slotted structure.

2. An exhaust device for a fluid flowing at high velocity and under pressure into a medium at lower pressure, which comprises, in combination, a vessel opening into said medium, at least one flat tube opening into said vessel for conveying said fluid thereto, and a wing-shaped structure constituted by a plurality of wing-shaped elements arranged adjacent and parallel to one another with their leading edges turned toward the direction from which the fluid is flowing, these elements being positioned close to one another so as to leave slot-like passages between them and in stepped relation, so that the upper side of each extends beyond the trailing edge of the element located above it and forms an outwardly curved prolonged lip to the slot existing between these two last mentioned wing-like elements to form together a multiple-slot wing structure fixed in said vessel opposite and parallel to the outlet of said tube into said vessel so as to split the stream of gases issuing therefrom into a portion which passes around said structure and another portion which passes through the slots thereof and produces on its back face a suction which improves the flow through said tube.

3. An exhaust device for a plurality of sources at a fluid intended to flow at high velocity and under pressure into' amedium at lower pressure, which comprises, in combination, a main fluid collecting vessel opening into said medium, a plurality of flat tubes connecting said sources respectively with said vessel, and at least one wingshaped structure constituted by a plurality of wing-shaped elements arranged adjacent and parallel to one another with their leading edges u turned toward the direction from which the fluid is flowing, these elements being positioned close to one another so as to leave slot-like passages between them and in stepped relation, so that the upper side of each extends beyond the trailing edge of the element located above it and forms an outwardly curved prolonged lip to the slot existing between these two last mentioned winglike elements to form together a multipleslot wing structure fixed in said vessel opposite and parallel to the outlet of each of said tubes into said vessel so as to split the stream of gases issuing from said last mentioned tube into a portion which passes around said structure and another portion which passes through the slots thereof and produces on its back face a suction which improves the flow through the corresponding tube, said tubes and their respective wing-shaped structures being arranged in stepped relation to one another so that the suction created by one wing-shaped structure is effective to cooperate with the other tubes. 7

4. An exhaust device for an internal combustion engine which comprises, in combination, a manifold, a plurality of flat tubes for conveying the exhaust gases from the cylinders of said engine to said manifold, and a wing-shaped structure constituted by a plurality of wing-shaped elements arranged adjacent and parallel to one another with their leading edges tumed toward the direction from which the fluid is flowing, these elements being positioned close to one another so as to leave slot-like passages between them and in stepped relation, so that the upper side of each extends beyond the trailing edge of the element located above it and forms an outwardly curved prolonged lip to the slot existing between these two last mentioned wing-like elements to form together a multiple-slot wing structure fixed in said manifold opposite and parallel to the outlet of each of said tubes into said manifold so as to split the stream of gases issuing from said last mentioned tube into a portion which passes around said structure and another portion which passes through the slots thereof and produces on its back face a suction which improves the flow through the corresponding tube, said tubes and their respective wing-shaped structures being arranged in stepped relation to one another on said manifold so that the suction created by one wingshaped structure is effective to cooperate with the other tubes.

5. An exhaust device for an internal combustion engine which comprises, in combination, a manifold, a plurality of flat tubes for conveying the exhaust gases from the cylinders of said engine to said manifold, and a wing-shaped slotted structure mounted in said manifold opposite each tube outlet into said manifold, with the leading edge of said structure parallel to said outlet, each of said structures consisting of a plurality of wing-like elements arranged adjacent and parallel to one another with their leading edges turned toward said tube outlet, these elements being positioned close to one another, so as to leave slot-like passages between them, and in stepped relation, so that the upper side of each extends beyond the trailing edge of the element located above it and forms an outwardly curved prolonged lip to the slot existing between these two last mentioned wing-like elements, whereby the flow of exhaust gases through each of these slots produces a suction acting on the stream flowing through the next slot above it and facilitates the flow of gases from the corresponding tube along the back face of said wing-like structure, said tubes and their respective wing-shaped structures being arranged in stepped relation to one another in said manifold so that the suction created by one wing-shaped structure is effective to cooperate with the other tubes.

6. An exhaust device for an internal combustion engine which comprises, in combination, a manifold, a plurality of fiat tubes for conveying the exhaust gases from the cylinders. of said engine to said manifold, and a wing-shaped slotted structure mounted in said manifold opposite each tube outlet to said manifold, with the leading edge of said structure parallel to said outlet, each of said structures consisting of a plurality of wing-like elements arranged adjacent and parallel to one another with their leading edges turned toward said tube outlet, these elements being positioned close to one another, so as to leave slot-like passages between them, and in stepped relation, so that the upper side of each extends beyond the trailing edge of the element located above it and forms an outwardly curved prolonged lip to the slot existing between these two last mentioned wing-like elements, whereby the flow of exhaust gases through each of these slots produces a suction acting on the stream flowing through the next slot above it and facilitates the flow of gases from the corresponding exhaust tube onto and along the back face of said wing-shaped structure, said tubes and their respective wing-shaped structures being arranged in stepped relation to one another in said manifold so that the suction created by one wingshaped structure is effective to cooperate with the other tubes, and a deflector carried by said manifold between two successive wing-shaped structures so as to prevent back-flow and eddy-like movements of the exhaust gases in said manifold.

7. An exhaust device for a radial internal combustion engine which comprises, in combination, a manifold in the form of a flat circular vessel surrounding said engine, a plurality of flat tubes for conveying the exhaust gases from the cylinders of said engine to different points of the circumference of said manifold, and a wing-shaped structure constituted by a plurality of wingshaped elements arranged adjacent and parallel to one another with their leading edges turned toward the direction from which the fluid is flow- 5 ing, these elements being positioned close to one another so as to leave slot-like passages between them and in stepped relation, so that the upper side of each extends beyond the trailing edge of the element located above it and forms an outwardly curved prolonged lip to the slot existing between these two last mentioned wing-like elements to form together a multiple-slot wing structure fixed in said manifold opposite and parallel to the outlet of each of said exhaust tubes into said manifold, so as to split the stream of gases issuing from said last mentioned tube into a portion which\ passes around said structure and another portion which passes through the slots thereof and produces on its back face a suction which improves the flow through the corresponding exhaust tubes, saidtubes and their respective wing-shaped structures being so arranged along the circumference of said manifold that the suction created by one wing-shaped structure is efiective to cooperate with the-other tubes.

8. An exhaust device for an internal combustion engine which comprises, in combination, a

manifold in the form of a flaring tube, a plurality of flat tubes opening into said tube at successive points of one wall thereof, and a slotted structure carried by said manifold across the outlet of each of said tubes into said first mentioned flaring tube, said structure consisting of a plurality of wing-like elements arranged adjacent and parallel to one another with their leading edges turned toward said exhaust tube, these elements being positioned close to one another, so as to leave slot-like passages between them, and in stepped relation, so that the upper side of each of them extends beyond the trailing edge of the element located above it and forms an outwardly curved prolonged lip to the slot existing between these two last mentioned wing-like elements, whereby the flow of fluid through each of these slots produces a suction acting on the stream flowing through the next slot above it and facilitates the flow of exhaust gases along the back part of said slotted structure, the arrangement of these slotted structures in succession along said wall of the flaring tube causing each slotted structure to exert a suction on the gases issuing through the preceding slotted structure.

HENRI COANDA.

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