US2185497A - Interlocking brick - Google Patents

Description

Jan- 2, 1940. A. J. CILENTO Erd/u. 2,185,497

INTERLOCKING BRICK Filed Jan. 16, 1939 gums/Wim 6 /vfw JOSEPH OLE/v70.

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Patented `an. 2, 1940 INTERLOCKING BRICK Angelo Joseph Cilento and Silvio John Agnoli, Baltimore, Md.

Application January 16, 1939, Serial No. 251,260

2 Claims.

This invention refers to structures and more particularly to bricks used for furnace work and walls. It has among its objects to provide a class of bricks that will permit walls to be laid rapidly, be stronger, and have less joints than the conventional types of bricks and Walls 'constructed therefrom. Another advantagey is to provide for a secure interlock and one that will make a solid bearing. Other objects will become more apparent as the invention is more fully set forth.

The conventional form of brick is rectangular in form and has been used universally for centuries without change. The form has been found practical for general purposes from a manufacturing point of view, as well as for construction. It has however, disadvantages by reason of its form, because of the amount of time and additional labor required in using same, when setting them up in a wall, and the fact that a 'crack in the wall, due to settling, etc., will pass practically unrestricted through the mortar seams and allow the wall to break in large sections along the crack. Walls using these regular bricks have to be tied in with cross bricks about every fourth course, to prevent the face bricks from leaving the rest of the wall in one section, since the mortar is not sufficiently tena'cious to hold same together. In this invention, the bricks are made of T-form and L-form, and in being installed in a Wall, tie in the adjacent courses, and thereby prevent their being completely dependent on the mortar for connection and security. 'I'he bricks individually always connect two courses and are locked restrictedly against horizontal and vertical movement, by the extending portions of the T and L of their construction. This construction also acts as a barrier against the development of cracks in one direct line, since these portions obstruct the continuance of such breakage. The form of the bricks also lessens the amount of mortar or joint area, and the amount of labor required in erecting walls with them in. By this construction, the walls become stronger and afford greater security against failure or Further, there are no bricks wasted or broken by the use f this construction, which is essentially required when the ordinary type of bricks are used. The cost to manuf-acture'the bricks is about the same as that of the usual brick of the same size, and the waste is no more. This brings the cost to a more economical point in their favor. Aestheti'cally, the appearance of the new form of brick work is just as attractive or more so than that of the ordinary brick work, since more brick face is seen and less of the mortar joints. To the general view, the lines of the courses appear optically to be carried through Without interruption in the conventional Way, due to the tendency of the eye to retain and adopt suchpan impression. The desirability of the brick form for fire or furnace purposes is particularly evident since the bricks tend to stay in place, even when the joint cement or mortar has become broken or loosened, a condition that frequently arises under the inuence of the high heat'and drafts incurred around them.

In the drawing which illustrates an example of this invention:

Figure 1 is an isometric view of a wall constructed with bricks embodying this invention,

Figure 2 is .an isometric detail of an L-shaped brick embodying this invention,

Figure 3 is an isometric detail of a T-shaped brick that embodies this invention and which is indicated in Figure 1 in an installed position.

Similar reference characters refer to similar parts throughout the drawing.

In the drawing I represents the body of a T- shaped brick having its projections indicated at 2, 3 and 4 respectively, and where the part 4 represents the unilateral arm, and 2 and 3, those aligned in the same directional plane. The thickness of the brick is adapted to meet conventional requirements, as shown at 5 and surfaced tc take the cement or mortar used. The brick is used in connection with an L-shaped brick 6 having its arms designated by the characters 'I and 8 respectively. The thickness 9 of the brick is made to conform with that of the brick I.

In a wall I0 of ordinary contour, the bricks I and 6 are arranged to fit into one another as shown atthe corners II, and the T-forms into one another as indicated. The joints are made with mortar or cement I2 in the conventional way. As the courses proceed up vertically, the preferred manner of tying the exterior and interior faces of brick courses is by using bricks I3 and I4 respectively of the same shape but half the conventional thickness I5 in order to permit them to be placed in the courses, but allow space between for placing an ordinary brick I6 in between, and in doing so, fill in the intervening space and overlap the joints as indicated. The T-bricks are placed up or down as the case may be, and by so doing tie-in three courses of brick in the vertical plane. The placing of the L- shaped bricks permits the joining of three vertical courses also as the bricks are installed. 'I'he holes I'I and I8 are provided to lighten the T- bricks; the former being somewhat smaller in diameter than the latter, which may also serve for facilitating fracture across the middle, and I9 are provided in the L-bricks for similar purposes.

When the bricks are arranged in the manner outlined in the drawing, they afford the advantages and acquire the functions which diierentiate them from other brick forms. The T-form brick by reason of the unilateral arm 4 being disposed in the course above or below that where the aligned parts 2 and 3 are located, bring it between the end faces of the parts 2 and 3 of adjacent bricks of this shape. The brick cannot be moved horizontally because it is llocked in place against such movement by these parts, and naturally it cannot be raised when the adjacent bricks above are resting and overlapping on same. In the ordinary brick arrangement there is simply friction to obstruct the movement and no mechanical tie-in as in this case. The interlocking of the bricks outlined vin this applica- .tion enables .them to effectively provide for the construction of a better wall. Since the Ibriclns, `may be laid as quickly as the usual type of brick, kand are one-third larger, their rate of installation is one-third greater than conventional bricks, in addition to the other manifest advantages.

While the for-ins of the bricks are indicated in ,simply two designs, it is not desired to limit this invention to these particular forms or in any .other way otherwise than limited by the prior art,

as it is appreciated that other forms may be made that would use the saine principles and come within the scope of the appended claims.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed is:

1. In a brick wall construction, a plurality of T-shaped bricks having their aligned projections designated as 2 and 3, and the unilateral arm. as 4, arranged to present the T-shape exteriorly and the projections 2 and 3 disposed in one horizontal row, and the unilateral projection 4 disposed in the adjacent ho-rizontal row, the position of the projection 4 in the rows breaking up the continuity of the intermediate horizontal mortar course, and eliminating a section of the horizontal line of mortar at that portion and interlocking the two adjacent brick rows together," the arrangement of these interlocking Vbricks ibeing in sets of two horizontal rows throughout the walls.

2. YIn a b-rick wall construction, a plurality of T-shaped bricks having their aligned projections designated as 2 and 3, and the unilateral arm as arranged to present the T-shape exteriorly and the projections 2 and 3 disposed in one horizontal row, and the unilateral projection il disposed in the adjacent horizontal row, ythe position of the projection :4 in the rows breaking up the continuity of the intermediate horizontal mortar ,course, and 4eliminating a section of the horizontal line of mortar at that portion and interlocking the .two adjacent bricks rows together, the arrangement of these interlocking :bricks being in sets of two horizontal rows .throughout the walls,..and said `bricks being holed through along the .vertical axis of the ybricks and parallel tothe T-shape set upright Ato :facilitate the -breakingoi individual bricks, substantially as described.

ANGELO JOSEPH CILENTO. SILVIO JOHN AGNOLI.

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