US217917A - Improvement in composite roofs - Google Patents
Improvement in composite roofs Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US217917A US217917A US217917DA US217917A US 217917 A US217917 A US 217917A US 217917D A US217917D A US 217917DA US 217917 A US217917 A US 217917A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- roof
- tile
- cement
- improvement
- bituminous
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title description 4
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229940108066 Coal Tar Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000011280 coal tar Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000284 resting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010454 slate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 206010022114 Injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000011283 bituminous tar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011396 hydraulic cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F15/00—Flooring
- E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
- E04F15/04—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements only of wood or with a top layer of wood, e.g. with wooden or metal connecting members
Definitions
- V v itmsgg s'. have 217: or.
- This invention is intended as an improvement upon the roof for which Letters Patent were granted to 'me March 28, 1876, numbered 175,531 and it consists in substituting slate, tile, or equivalent rigid material, embedded in bituminous, resinous, or coal-tar cement, or equivalent material, for the layer of hydraulic cement therein described.
- the roof is first constructed in the ordinary manner of laying a gravel roof, or in any other suitable manner, usually of three or more thicknesses or overlapping courses of saturated paper or felt upon the sheathing-boards A, with intermediate layers of hot bituminous or coal-tar cement, preferably the former, or equivalent material, and the surface of the felt foundation B thus formed spread over with a layer, 0, of the hot bituminous cement, or equivalent material, and this, while still hot, immediately covered and filled with warm or dry gravel D, or equivalent material.
- a finer mineral ma terial may be substituted for the gravel but the latter is far preferable.
- the surface of the cemented pebbles is now sprinkled over with dry sand, or equivalent material, to admit of its being walked upon without sticking to the feet, and to partially fill the cement to prevent any possibility of its running if too much has been applied, and then covered with a layer, F, of warm slates, tile, or equivalent rigid material, which, by the aid of their contained heat, may be readily imbedded in the bituminous cement and brought to a firm bearing upon the projecting pebbles; or this may be done with a hot roller, or other appliance, after the slates or tile are laid.
- the slates or tile have a firm bearing upon the pebbles under their entire surface, (the pebbles themselves resting on the felt, to which they are securely fastened with the bituminous cement, so that no part of the roof will suffer injury, either by the heat of the sun or from any severe usage to which such a roof is likely to be subjected.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
Description
O. M. WARREN. Composite Roof.
No. 217,917. Patented July 29,1879.
V v itmsgg s'. have 217: or.
N.PE|'EHS, PNOTO-LITHDGRAPHER, WASHINGTON. n C.
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
CYRUS M. WARREN, OF BROOKLINE, MASSACHUSETTS.
IMPROVEMENT IN COMPOSITE ROOFS.
Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 217,917, dated July 29, 1879; application filed November 22, 1878.
' To all whom "it may concern.-
Be it known that I, CYRUS M. WARREN, of Brookline, in the county of Norfolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and useful Improvementin Composite Roofs, which invention is fully described in the following specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawing.
This invention is intended as an improvement upon the roof for which Letters Patent were granted to 'me March 28, 1876, numbered 175,531 and it consists in substituting slate, tile, or equivalent rigid material, embedded in bituminous, resinous, or coal-tar cement, or equivalent material, for the layer of hydraulic cement therein described.
In carrying out my invention the roof is first constructed in the ordinary manner of laying a gravel roof, or in any other suitable manner, usually of three or more thicknesses or overlapping courses of saturated paper or felt upon the sheathing-boards A, with intermediate layers of hot bituminous or coal-tar cement, preferably the former, or equivalent material, and the surface of the felt foundation B thus formed spread over with a layer, 0, of the hot bituminous cement, or equivalent material, and this, while still hot, immediately covered and filled with warm or dry gravel D, or equivalent material. A finer mineral ma terial may be substituted for the gravel but the latter is far preferable.
To the gravel roof thus constructed, or in c any other suitable manner, and after the bituminous cement has well set by cooling, the loose gravel is swept off, and the firm gravel surface D remaining is covered with a layer, E, of the hot bituminous cement sufficient to fill the voids between and thinly coat the surface of the projecting pebbles, but avoiding an excess. The surface of the cemented pebbles is now sprinkled over with dry sand, or equivalent material, to admit of its being walked upon without sticking to the feet, and to partially fill the cement to prevent any possibility of its running if too much has been applied, and then covered with a layer, F, of warm slates, tile, or equivalent rigid material, which, by the aid of their contained heat, may be readily imbedded in the bituminous cement and brought to a firm bearing upon the projecting pebbles; or this may be done with a hot roller, or other appliance, after the slates or tile are laid.
If no excess of bituminous cement has been applied immediately under the slates or tile, the pebbles and slates will suffice to prevent any running out of the cement, which should not be too easily fusible and the slates or tile themselves, resting directly on the pebbles, will not be liable to slide or be otherwise displaced.
I am aware of the patent issued to Luke S. Mills and 0. Hart Smith, No. 40,542, dated November 3, 1863, and also of the two patents issued to Tobias New, numbered and dated as follows, viz: No. 147,962, dated February 24, 1874, Reissue No. 8,414, dated September 10, 1878, and No. 209,131, dated October 22, 1878; and I disclaim any invention contained in either of these patents.
In the construction of a paved roof, the pavement of which is laid or embedded in bituminous or any kind of soft or fusible cementing material, or in av composition of which such a fusible material is one of the chief in gredients, it is important that such material should be intermixed with some firm rigid supporting substance, on which the slates or other paving may rest, in order to protect the underlying soft material from the pressure, to which it would otherwise be subjected, of the superimposed paving material, and, more important still, from the greater pressure incident to its use for the various purposes for which such a paved roof is intended.
With no other support under the slate or tile than a material which is soft and plastic in warm weather, such as that made of bituminous cement and sand, continued pressure on one end or'corner of a slate or tile, as in tilting back in chairs, or even standing for some time on one end or corner of a slate or tile, would press it downward by displacing the bituminous composition underneath and raise the other end or corner, making the surface of the roof uneven, and placing the slates or tile in posit-ion to be easily broken.
In my improved roof these objections are entirely obviated.
The slates or tile have a firm bearing upon the pebbles under their entire surface, (the pebbles themselves resting on the felt, to which they are securely fastened with the bituminous cement, so that no part of the roof will suffer injury, either by the heat of the sun or from any severe usage to which such a roof is likely to be subjected.
I claim as my invention' l The combination of slate, or otherequiva' lent rigid material, laid in bituminous cement,
vor other equivalent material, on a foundation
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US217917A true US217917A (en) | 1879-07-29 |
Family
ID=2287319
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US217917D Expired - Lifetime US217917A (en) | Improvement in composite roofs |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US217917A (en) |
-
0
- US US217917D patent/US217917A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US3763605A (en) | Roofing system and method of application | |
US2333287A (en) | Protective lining for canals and general earthwork | |
US217917A (en) | Improvement in composite roofs | |
US2211649A (en) | Roadway | |
US217916A (en) | Improvement in composite roofs | |
US2024158A (en) | Playing court | |
US2408251A (en) | Composite roof | |
US209131A (en) | Improvement in fire and water proof roofs | |
US209705A (en) | Improvement in the manufacture of composite roofing | |
US1187494A (en) | Mausoleum-roof. | |
US1677600A (en) | Consturction of street pavements | |
US318023A (en) | Fire and water proof roof | |
US143965A (en) | Improvement in pavements | |
US236386A (en) | Composite roof | |
US1250623A (en) | Covering. | |
US93659A (en) | Improved composition-cement for pavements | |
US438046A (en) | Street-pavement | |
US401030A (en) | Pavement and paving-brick | |
US162218A (en) | Improvement in wood pavememts | |
US1706077A (en) | Roadway and method of making the same | |
US145705A (en) | Improvement in cements for slate roofing | |
US748247A (en) | Method of laying asphalt or bituminous roadways. | |
US1265259A (en) | Pavement composition and structure. | |
USRE8414E (en) | Improvement in fire and water proof roofs | |
US111151A (en) | Improvement in asphaltic pavements |