US2176297A - Door lock - Google Patents

Description

Oct. 17, 1939.

c. J. DIALs Doon Lock Filed Oct. 16, 1937 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 j ma itil.

INVENToR. CeAYTo/v J .Z3/ALS BY Qca/v 62m ATTORNEY C. JDIALS Doon LocK Oct. 17, 1939.

Filed Oct. 16, 1937 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 WD. .m 1J QN M o, r v A Patented Oct. 17, 1939 UNITED STATES .PATENT OFFICE DOOR. LOCK Crayton J. Dials, Oakland, Calif.

Application October 16, 1937, Serial No. 169,486

6 Claims.

This invention relates to door locks.

It is the principal object of my present invention to provide an improved lock structure for doors which is pick and tamper proof and in which the retraction of the bolt is controlled by air pressure actuated means rendered effective only by means of a proper key.

In practicing my invention I provide a lock structure having a bolt operable by turning of an oscillatory element. The latter is associated with an operating knob which may be effectively connected therewith by engagement of a clutch or disconnected therefrom by disengagement of the clutch. A tumbler is provided for latching the clutch in disengaged condition. This tumbler may be released to cause engagement of the clutch by air pressure means rendered effective by the use of a proper key.

One form which the invention may assume is exempliiied in the following description and illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a view in central longitudinal section through a lock embodying the preferred form of my invention.

' Fig. 2 is a similar view With the operating parts in position rendering the exterior knob or handle effective.

Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 1 showing the operating parts in position they assume upon mechanical release of the tumbler.

' Fig 4 is a central transverse section through the lock.

Figs. 5 and 6 are fragmentary views showing the mechanism for latching the push button of the inner knob.

Referring more particularly to the accompanying drawin-gs, 9 indicates a lock for use on doors where it is desired that key means may be required to gain entrance.

l In the drawings, I indicates a door through which is bored a circular opening I I within which the lock is assembled. A bored hole I2 is drilled into-the bolt edge of the door perpendicularly to the opening II and rintersecting the same to receive the bolt of the lock as will be described. It is apparent from this that to condition the door for reception of the lock it is only necessary to Y bore the two holes II and I2 in the door and no mortising or other time consuming labor is required.

The door lock includes inner and outer escutcheon plates I4 and I5 of an exterior diameter greater than the bored hole II and shouldered as .at lisses t ,Securely rest withinand align with the opening II. The escutcheon plates I 4 and I5 are secured together and to the door by screws I6 accessible from the interior side of the door only.

The outer escutcheon plate is centrally bored as at I1 and the inner escutcheon plate is centrally bored as at I8. Both plates are counterbored as at I9 at their interior sides to rotatably receive a bolt retracting cylinder 20.

At the inner side of the door the retracting cylinder 20 is formed with a co-axially extending knob shank 2I which projects through the bore I8 of the escutcheon plate I4 and is tted at its extremity with an inner handle or knob 22 which is securely iixed thereto.

Centrally between its ends and within the opening II the retracting cylinder 20 is formed with a pair of spaced annular anges 23 circumscribing the exterior thereof. Loosely positioned between these anges and partially embracing the retracting cylinder 2U is a bolt yoke 24 which is connected to the lock bolt 25 of the lock as shown in Figure 3 of the drawings. Cooperating lugs 26 on the yoke 24 and one flange 23 provide the means of retracting the bolt 25 regardless of the direction of turning of the retracting cylinder 28.

As will be seen from Figure 3, a spring 26 normally tends to maintain the bolt projected in a latching position.

Thus from the foregoing, it is obvious that at all times the bolt 25 may be retracted by manipulation of the inner knob or handle 22.

It is, of course, required in a lock of this character that retracting of the bolt from the exterior side of the door be optionally key-controlled or not. This is accomplished in this instance providing a knob sleeve 21 rotatably mounted in the bore I1 of the exterior escutcheon plate I5.

At its outer end the knob sleeve 21 is tted with a iixed knob or handle 28 spaced outwardly from the plate I5. At its inner end and within the counterbore I9 of the plate I5 the knob sleeve 21 is formed with a clutch disc 29 rotatably received in the contiguous end of the retracting cylinder 26.

When the lock is in condition where a key must be employed to enable retraction of the bolt 25, the sleeve is freely rotatable relative to the retracting cylinder 20 and the escutcheon plate I5 so that operation of the knob 28 and sleeve 21 at the exterior of the door will be ineffective in retracting the bolt 25.

For rendering the knob 28 and sleeve 21 effective in retracting the bolt 25 I have provided a tumbler .barrel 30 reciprocably mounted in the knob sleeve 2l with its inner end reciprocably but non-rotatably mounted in a tumbler cylinder 3l. The latter in turn is reciprocably mounted in the retracting cylinder 20.

The tumbler cylinder 3l is formed with a coaxially extending button shaft 32 reciprocably eX- tending axially through the knob shank 2l and tted at its end with a button 33 by means of which the tumbler cylinder 3l may be moved aX- ially in the retracting cylinder for rendering the outer knob 28 effective or ineiective in regard to bolt retraction as will be described.

It will be noticed that the inner end of the tumbler barrel 35 projects into the open end of the bore 34 of the tumbler cylinder 3l and that the opposite end of the bore 34 is closed. A spring 35 is positioned between the end of the tumbler barrel 35 and the closed end of the borev 34 normally maintaining a spacing therebetween to form a vacuum. chamber 34a. The spring 35 also acts as will be described and under certain circumstances to move the tumbler barrel outwardly and in so doing render the outer knob 2S and its sleeve 2l eiective in turning the retracting cylinder 2U to retract the bolt 25. g y

The tumbler barrel is formed with a transverse bore 36 extending inwardly from one side thereof but terminating short of the opposite side as shown in Figures 1 and 2. Snugly but slidably tted into this bore is a tumbler 3l. A light spring 38 normally tends to project this tumbler from the side of the tumbler barrel into engagement with a tumbler socket 39 formed in the side of the bore 34 of the tumbler cylinder to maintain the tumbler barrel in retracted position as shown in Figure l. Such engagement, however, permits a certain amount of inward movement of the tumbler barrel toward the closed end 'of the bore 34.

It should be stated that by moving the tumbler barrel inwardly into close proximity with the closed end of the bore and then releasing it so that the spring rapidly moves it outwardly, a vacuum or suction is created which is utilized to retract the tumbler 3l from engagement with the socket 39. Such disengagement enables the tumbler barrel to continue to move outwardly and condition the mechanism so that the outer knob 28 and its sleeve 27 will be eiTective in retracting the bolt 25.

The vacuum Vor suction created as described will produce a suction through a passageway 40 which extends longitudinally through the tumbler barrel 3@ communicating at one end with the chamber 34a and at the other end with the interior of the key socket 4| formed in the outer end of the tumbler barrel. This socket removably receives a key 42.

A second passageway 43 is formed in the tumbler barrel 3G and communicates at one end with the inner end of the tumbler bore 35 and at the other end with the key socket 4I. The key is so formed that wheninserted into the socket it shuts olT the communication between the atmosphere and the passageways ill and 43 and establishes a direct communication between these passageways. Therefore, when suction is created in the chamber 34a this will create a reduced pressure in the inner end of the tumbler bore 36 through the passageways 45 and 43 and cause retraction of the tumbler 3l and release of the tumbler barrel. The latter will then move outwardly with the before stated results.

To clutch the knob Z3 and sleeve 2l to the retracting cylinder 20, a movable clutch plate 45 is provided which is slidable mounted on the sleeve 21 and sliclable but non-rotatably mounted within the retracting cylinder 2B. A pin 46 secured to the clutch plate 45 and engaged with a keyway 4l in the retracting cylinder prevents relative rotation between the plate 45 and the cylinder 20. Consequently, when the lugs on the clutch plate 45 are engaged with the lugs on the clutch plate 29 (which is fixed to the knob sleeve 2l) the knob 23 and its sleeve 2l will be clutched to the retracting cylinder 20 and eiective to retract the bolt.

A spring 48 normally maintains the clutch disengaged, but when the tumbler barrel moves outwardly an annular shoulder 49 thereon engages the clutch plate 45 and moves it and its lugs into engagement with the lugs of clutch plate 29.

The endwise outward movement of the tumbler barrel is limited by engagement of a pin 50i-bied to the barrel engaging a keyway 5| formed in the tumbler cylinder 3l. This engagement also prevents relative rotation between the barrel 30 and the cylinder 3l.

For conditioning the mechanism to change the knob and sleeve from effective to ineiective condition, it is merely necessary to press the button 33 inwardly which moves the tumbler cylinder inwardly relative to thetumbler barrel suiiciently to re-engage the tumbler socket 39 with the tumbler. When released, the button will be returned to normal position returning the tumbler cylinder Y3l and the tumbler barrel 3!) with it, by means of the spring 52.

To render the outer knob 28 and its sleeve 21 effective from the inside of the door, it is only necessary to pull outwardly on the button 33 which causes a tumbler depressor 53 in the tumbler socket 39 to ride on a cam shoulder 54 which moves the depressor inwardly. Such movement moves the tumbler inwardly and releases the tumbler barrel allowing it to move outwardly, as previously described, and clutch the outer knob sleeve 2l tothe retracting cylinder.

I wish to point out that if the proper key is not used the bolt cannot be retracted due .to the fact that the vacuum or suction will be equalized at both ends of the tumbler 3l due to the passages 55 and 55. Obviously vacuum or suction applied to the open key socket would be ineiective to render the knob 28 and its sleeve 3l eiective in retracting the bolt 25.

To prevent mechanically gripping the tumbler barrel and pulling it and the cylinder 3l outwardly, the shank 2l is formed with a bayonet slot 50 and the shaft 32 with a pin 5|. When the shaft is turned to place the pin 6I out of register with the longitudinal portion 65a of the slot 60, the barrel 35 and cylinder 3l cannot be pulled endwise to eiTect clutching of the sleeve 2l to the retracting cylinder 20.

In operation of the lock it is constructed and assembled as shown in the drawings and as previously described herein. Assuming that the mechanism of the lock is in the condition shown in Figure 1, it is obvious that by turning the interior handle 22 that the retracting cylinder 20 will be turned and consequently the bolt 25 will be retracted. Also it is obvious that inasmuch as the movable clutch plate 45 is out of engagement with the clutch plate 29 on the knob sleeve 21 that rotation of the knob will be independent of the retracting cylinderof the bolt 25.

If it is desired to render the outer knob- 28 effective from the inner side of the door, rit is only necessary to exert a pull on the button 33.

This, as previously described, will move the tumbler cylinder 3| suiiciently so that the cam shoulder 54 will depress the tumbler depressor sufficiently to disengage the tumbler 31 from the tumbler socket 39. Immediately that this disengagement takes place, the spring in the chamber 34a will move the tumbler barrel endwise in a direction causing engagement of the movable clutch platey 45 with the clutch plate 29 on the knob sleeve 3b. Such engagement clutching the knob sleeve 21 to the bolt retracting cylinder 20 so that the knob 23 and its sleeve 21 will be effective in retracting the bolt 25.

To disconnect the sleeve 21 from the bolt retracting cylinder 2S, it is only necessary to press inwardly on the button 33 which will place the l tumbler socket 39 in register with the tumbler 21 so that upon release of the button 33 the spring 52 will move the tumbler barrel to a position disengaging the movable clutch plate from the clutch plate 29.

If it is then desired to retract the bolt by operation of the exterior knob at exterior of the door, the key 42 is placed in the key socket and pressed inwardly so as to move the inner end of the tumbler barrel 30 toward the closed end of the bore 34 and then release the tumbler barrel so that it moves in the opposite direction. This, as previously described, will create a suction or vacuum through the passageway 4l, thence through the key 42 and passageway 43 of the inner end to the tumbler bore 36. This causes the tumbler 31 tomove inwardly and disengage from the socket 39 so that the spring in the chamber 34a will move the tumbler barrel outwardly to engage the movable clutch plate with the clutch plate 39 on the knob sleeve 21, clutching the latter to the retracting cylinder. To again render the outer knob 28 and its sleeve 21 ineffective, it is only necessary to depress the button 33, as previously described. It should be stated that when the key 42 is used to press the barrel inwardly, the latter will move relatively to the cylinder 3l due to the fact that the spring in the chamber 34a is lighter than the spring 65 which is positioned between the adjacent ends of the tumbler cylinder 3l and the retracting cylinder 2U.

As before stated, by turning the button 33, to place the pin El out of register with the slot 60a, no external mechanical force can be employed to move the tumbler barrel and thus pick the lock. Likewise if an improper key is employed, suction will be equalized on both sides of the tumbler 31, as previously described, so that the bolt may not be operated from the exterior side of the door except with the use of the proper key.

It is obvious that ahnost innumerable com-- binations of ports may be arranged in the key socket so that no two locks may be opened by the same key.

While I have shown the preferred form of my lock, I wish it to be understood that various changes may be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

I claim:

1. A lock of the character described, comprising a bolt, a rotatable element connected therewith for retracting the same, a turnable knob shaft at one side of the lock, clutch means normally tending to engage and connect the knob shaft to the turnable element, a tumbler for latching said clutch means in disengaged condition, and manually operative pneumatic means associated with the tumbler to set up a suction inuence contiguous thereto to move the same from latching position.

2. A lock of the character described comprising a bolt, a rotatable element connected therewith for retracting the same, a turnable knob shaft at one side of the lock, clutch means normally tending to engage and connect the knob shaft to the turnable element, a tumbler for latching said clutch means in disengaged condition, and manually operative pneumatic means associated with the tumbler to set up a suction influence contiguous thereto to move the same from latching position, and manually operative means at the side of the lock opposite the knob shaft for disengaging the clutch means, sai-d last named means being capable of manual operation to mechanically disengage said tumbler from latching position and enable engagement of the clutch means.

3. A lock of the character described comprising a bolt, a rotatable element connected therewith for retracting the same, a turnable knob shaft at one side of the lock, clutch means normally tending to engage and connect the knob shaft to the turnable element, a tumbler for latching said clutch means in disengaged condition, and key controlled manually operative pneumatic means associated with the tumbler to create a suction iniluence contiguous thereto capable of withdrawing the same from latching position.

4, A lock of the character described comprising a bolt, a rotatable element connected therewith for retracting the same, a turnable knob shaft at one side of the lock, clutch means normally tending to engage and connect the knob shaft to the turnable element, a tumbler for latching said clutch means in disengaged condition, and manually operative pneumatic means associate-d with the tumbler to set up a suction inuence contiguous thereto to move the same from latching position, and a second knob shaft at the opposite side of the lock relatively fixed to the rotatable element.

5. A lock of the character described comprising a bolt, a rotatable element connected therewith for retracting the same, a turnable knob shaft at one side of the lock, clutch means normally tending to engage and connect the knob shaft to the turnable element, a tumbler for latching said clutch means in disengaged condition, key controlled and manually operative pneumatic means disposed partially within the knob shaft and operatively associated with the tumbler to create a suction inlluence at one end thereof capable of causing withdrawal of the tumbler from latching position.

6. A lock of the character described, comprising a bolt, a rotatable element connected therewith for retracting the same, a turnable knob shaft at one side of the lock, clutch means normally tending to engage and connect the knob shaft to the turnable element, a tumbler for latching said clutch means in disengaged condition, manually operative pneumatic means for creating a suction influence, normally ineffective air conducting means rendered effective by means of a key for causing the suction iniiuence so produced to effect a low pressure area at one end of the tumbler to cause the same to move to an unlatched position.

CRAYTON J. DIALS.

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