US2173219A - Electroacoustical apparatus - Google Patents

Electroacoustical apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US2173219A
US2173219A US145455A US14545537A US2173219A US 2173219 A US2173219 A US 2173219A US 145455 A US145455 A US 145455A US 14545537 A US14545537 A US 14545537A US 2173219 A US2173219 A US 2173219A
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United States
Prior art keywords
microphone
channels
ribbon
responsive
ribbons
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US145455A
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English (en)
Inventor
Leslie J Anderson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
RCA Corp
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RCA Corp
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Publication date
Application filed by RCA Corp filed Critical RCA Corp
Priority to US145455A priority Critical patent/US2173219A/en
Priority to CH205239D priority patent/CH205239A/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2173219A publication Critical patent/US2173219A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
    • H04R1/40—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by combining a number of identical transducers
    • H04R1/406—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by combining a number of identical transducers microphones

Definitions

  • This invention relates to electro-acoustical apparatus, and more particularly to microphones of the type wherein a movable conductor is mounted for movement in a magnetic field in response to either the pressure component, the
  • microphones of this type which are responsive only to the pressure graclient, or velocity, component of a sound wave are bi-directional, while those responsive to only the pressure component of a sound wave are non-directional.
  • a microphone is obtained which is uni-directional.
  • the primary object of my present invention 0 is to provide an improved sound pickup system the directional characteristic of which may be controlled so that maximum pickup will be obtained regardless of the position of the sound source with respect to the microphone.
  • Another object of my present invention is to provide an improved microphone and system as above which can be efilciently controlled from a point remote from the microphone.
  • a further object of my invention is to provide an improved microphone and system as above which is easily operated or controlled and which is highly efiicient in use.
  • the directional pattern of the microphone maybe varied through 55 any desired angle.
  • the same result may be achieved by associating with the pressure gradient responsive ribbons one or more ribbons that are pressure responsive and the output from which is connected to the same mixer.
  • Figure 2 is a curve representing the bi-directional characteristic of a velocity microphone
  • FIG 3 is a circuit diagram showing a mixing amplifier which may be employed according to my invention in conjunction with a microphone such as that illustrated in Figure 1,
  • Figures 4, 5 and 6 are characteristic curves illustrating how the axes of the directional pattern may be rotated by the mixing circuit of Figure 3,
  • Figure '7 is a circuit diagram similar to Figure 3 but including also a pressure actuated ribbon, and
  • Figures 8, 9 and 10 are characteristic curves for the unidirectional microphone shown in Figure 7 showing how the axes thereof are varied similarly to the curves of Figures 4-6.
  • a microphone having a pair of slightly crimped, conductive ribbons I and 3 serially connected and mounted for movement, respectively, between two sets of magnets 5 and I in a manner such that sound waves may freely strike both the front and back surfaces of each of the ribbons.
  • the microphone is of the velocity type, i. e., of the 45 type in which both ribbons I and 3 are respon-' sive to the pressure gradient component of the sound waves.
  • the ribbons I and 3 are arranged to lie in planes at right angles to each other, and if it is assumed that the characteristic curve for the ribbon I is shown in Fig. 4, then it follows that the characteristic curve for the ribbon 3 must be at right angles to the curve of Fig. 4, or as shown in Fig. 6.
  • the mixer generally indicated by the reference numeral 9, includes two channels each incorporating an input transformer and a two-stage amplifier.
  • the ribbon I is coupled, through an output transformer II, to an input transformer l3 of one of the channels which includes also the amplifiers I5 and I1, while the ribbon 3 feeds into its output transformer II, in turn connected to an input transformer 2
  • Connected in the plate circuit of the amplifier I5 is a variable resistor 21 the slider 25 of which is connected to the grid of the amplifier II.
  • is connected in the plate circuit of the amplifier 23 and its slider 33 is connected to the grid of the amplifier 25, a mechanical link operable by a handle or knob 31 connecting the sliders 29 and 33 physically.
  • the arrangement is such that, as the sliders 28 and 33 are moved in one direction, the voltage fed from the amplifier i5 to the amplifier II will increase while the voltage fed from the amplifier 23 to the amplifier 25 will simultaneously decrease and vice versa. In practice, this may be accomplished easily by mounting the two potentiometers 21-2!
  • Fig. 5 shows the direction of the pattern with the link 35 in mid-position.
  • a system which includes, in addition to the velocity actuated ribbons I and 3, a pressure responsive ribbon II which is in the plane of one of the other ribbons, for example the ribbon 3
  • is coupled through its output transformer 43, a suitable pole chang-' ing switching arrangement and another input transformer 41 in the mixer 9 to a third amplifying channel including the amplifiers 49 and 5
  • the amplifier 59 is provided in its plate circuit with a variable resistor 53 the slider 55 of which is connected to the grid of the amplifler 5
  • the slider 55 is made ad- .iustable independently of the sliders 29 and".
  • may be connected in shunt with the secondaries of the transformers l3, 2
  • each of said channels including a vibratibl member adapted to transform acoustical energy into corresponding electrical pulsations, said members lying in planes at right angles to each other, means for combining the outputs of said channels, and means for attenuating the pulsations in either one of said channels at will.
  • each of said channels including a vibratible member adapted to transform acoustical energy into corresponding electrical pulsations, said members lying in planes at right angles to each other, means for combining the outputs of said channels, and means for gradually fading out the pulsations in one of said channels while simultaneously fading in the pulsations from said other channel.
  • each of said channels including a vibratible member adapted to transform acoustical energy into corresponding electrical pulsations, said members lying in planes at right angles to each other, means for combining the outputs of said channels, means for gradually fading out the pulsations in one of said channels while simultaneously fading in the pulsations from said other channel, and means for short-circuiting either one of said channels at will.
  • each of said channels including a vibratible member adapted to transform acoustical energy into corresponding electrical pulsations, at least two of said members lying in planes at right angles to each other and another member lying in the plane of one of said first named two members, and means for attenuating the pulsations in any one of said channels.
  • vlbratible members are all constituted by ribbon conductors, said first named two ribbons being arranged to be responsive to the pressure gradient component of a sound wave and said third named member being arranged to be responsive to the pressure component of a sound wave, and characterized fur-' ther by the addition of means for variably selecting the output from each of said channels and combining said selected portions into a single output channel.
  • a microphone having a pair of pressure gradient responsive conductors operable in planes at right angles to each other, the method-of deriving signal energy from said microphone which comprises variably selecting output signals from each of said conductors and combining said selected signals into a single output channel.
  • the method of deriving signal energy which comprises variably selecting output signals from each of the pressure responsive and pressure gradient responsive sections, and combining said selected signals into a single output channel,
US145455A 1937-05-29 1937-05-29 Electroacoustical apparatus Expired - Lifetime US2173219A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US145455A US2173219A (en) 1937-05-29 1937-05-29 Electroacoustical apparatus
CH205239D CH205239A (de) 1937-05-29 1938-05-27 Schallaufnahmevorrichtung.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US145455A US2173219A (en) 1937-05-29 1937-05-29 Electroacoustical apparatus

Publications (1)

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US2173219A true US2173219A (en) 1939-09-19

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US145455A Expired - Lifetime US2173219A (en) 1937-05-29 1937-05-29 Electroacoustical apparatus

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US (1) US2173219A (de)
CH (1) CH205239A (de)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2498772A (en) * 1941-05-15 1950-02-28 Bendix Aviat Corp Aerial torpedo
US2529658A (en) * 1944-01-31 1950-11-14 Brush Dev Co Transducer and system
US2539671A (en) * 1946-02-28 1951-01-30 Rca Corp Directional microphone
US2810786A (en) * 1950-06-12 1957-10-22 Siemens Ag Directional microphone system
US2896189A (en) * 1952-02-08 1959-07-21 Electro Voice Higher order pressure gradient microphone system having adjustable polar response pattern
US2965879A (en) * 1946-02-05 1960-12-20 Lippel Bernard Sound locating means
US2987700A (en) * 1943-09-02 1961-06-06 John N A Hawkins Differentially sensitive sonic detector
US3223782A (en) * 1961-06-19 1965-12-14 Akg Akustische Kino Geraete Directional microphone with distance control
US6434252B1 (en) * 1999-09-20 2002-08-13 Royer Labs Ribbon microphone
US20070223773A1 (en) * 2004-10-21 2007-09-27 Tripp Hugh A Methods for forming and using thin film ribbon microphone elements and the like

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1139152B (de) * 1960-05-12 1962-11-08 Inst Schwingungsforschung Richtmikrophon mit auf elektrischem Wege drehbarer Richtcharakteristik

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2498772A (en) * 1941-05-15 1950-02-28 Bendix Aviat Corp Aerial torpedo
US2987700A (en) * 1943-09-02 1961-06-06 John N A Hawkins Differentially sensitive sonic detector
US2529658A (en) * 1944-01-31 1950-11-14 Brush Dev Co Transducer and system
US2965879A (en) * 1946-02-05 1960-12-20 Lippel Bernard Sound locating means
US2539671A (en) * 1946-02-28 1951-01-30 Rca Corp Directional microphone
US2810786A (en) * 1950-06-12 1957-10-22 Siemens Ag Directional microphone system
US2896189A (en) * 1952-02-08 1959-07-21 Electro Voice Higher order pressure gradient microphone system having adjustable polar response pattern
US3223782A (en) * 1961-06-19 1965-12-14 Akg Akustische Kino Geraete Directional microphone with distance control
US6434252B1 (en) * 1999-09-20 2002-08-13 Royer Labs Ribbon microphone
US20070223773A1 (en) * 2004-10-21 2007-09-27 Tripp Hugh A Methods for forming and using thin film ribbon microphone elements and the like
US20070274555A1 (en) * 2004-10-21 2007-11-29 Crowley Robert J Acoustic ribbon transducer arrangements
US20080152186A1 (en) * 2004-10-21 2008-06-26 Crowley Robert J Composite acoustic transducers
US7894619B2 (en) 2004-10-21 2011-02-22 Shure Incorporated Acoustic ribbon transducer arrangements
US7900337B2 (en) 2004-10-21 2011-03-08 Shure Incorporated Method of making composite acoustic transducers
US8218795B2 (en) 2004-10-21 2012-07-10 Shure Incorporated Methods for forming and using thin film ribbon microphone elements and the like

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH205239A (de) 1939-06-15

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