US2172411A - Piston peening machine - Google Patents

Description

Sept. 12, 1939. D. D. ROBERTSON v PISTON PEENING MACHINE Filed Sept. 9, 1936 s Sheets-Sheet 1 P 12, 19.39- D. D. ROBERTSON 2,172,411

PI STON PEENING MACHINE Filed Sept. 9, 1936 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 Q i.. N

M \m P W2? wgxomg m 3 p 12, 1939- I D. D. ROB-ERTSON 2,172,411

PISTON PEENING MACHINE Filed Sept. 9, 1956 6 Sheets-Sheet 3 .11 INVENTOR Sept. 12, 1939. D. D. ROBERTSON 2,172,411

PI STON PEENING MACHINE Filed Sept. 9, 1956 e Shets-Sheet 4 7545 57 2.5 26 7? 61 INVENTOR Sept. 12, 1939. D. D. ROBERTSON PISTON PEENING MACHINE I Filed Sept. 9, 1936 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 v 126 illllkfi 125.0! 136' flelmar fl. 2 522 23022,

BY W Patented Sept. 12, 1939 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE PISTON PEENING MACHINE Application September 9, 1936, Serial No. 99,950

4 Claims. (01. 78101) The present invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in piston peening machines, and it relates more particularly to an adjustable Work holder constituting part of said machine and adapted to be readily adjusted operatively to hold the engine piston which is to be reshaped by said machine in such fashion that a rapid series of hammer strokes can be applied to the inside surface of the skirt Wall of said piston, so that said piston skirt may be conformed to the enginecylinder.

In the accompanying drawings, in which like reference characters indicate like parts,

Figure 1 represents a perspective view of a piston peening machine embodying the present invention; v

Figure 2 represents a front elevational View of the piston peening machine embodying the present invention.

Figure 3 represents a left side elevational view of the same.

Figure 4 represents a right side elevational view of .the same.

Figure 5 represents a top plan view of the same.

Figure 6 represents a section on line 6-6 of Figure 2.

Figure 7 represents a side elevational view of the trip hammer mechanism, with some of the outer housing partlybroken away around the trip. hammer mechanism, to expose to View some of said mechanism and with part of the pedestal omitted so as to shorten the view.

Figure 8 represents a front elevational view of the trip hammer mechanism, with the hammerarin broken away so as to expose to view the trip mechanism behind the same, and with the anvil shank also broken away; shown on a scale somewhat larger than the scale used in Figure '7, and with the lower, generally upright supporting pedestal entirely omitted from this view.

Figure 9 represents a perspective view of some of the operative elements of the hammer trip mechanism;

Figure 10 represents a section on line |0|0 of Figure 11;

Figure 11 represents a section on line I of Figure 8;

1 Figure 12' represents a section on line |2|2 of Figure 11;

"Figure 13 represents a side elevational view of the work holder or piston support on a somewhat enlarged scale;

Figure 14 represents a plan View of the work holder; 1

Figure 15 represents a section on line l5-|5 of Figure 13.

Within any suitable housing or supporting framework, designated generally by the numeral 20, a generally horizontal shaft 2| is suitably 5 journalled, as for instance, in the bearings 22 and 23 on the opposite sides of the housing or supporting frame work. The bearings 22 and 23 may be of any suitable construction, as .for instance, the split and capped bearings indicated 10 generally in Figures '7, 8 and 11. On the shaft 2| any suitable pulley 24 is idly mounted, as for instance, the generally V-shaped pulley indicated particularly in Figures 8 and 10, so as to rotate freely upon the shaft. Upon the pulley 24 any suitable annular and concentric driving clutch member 25 may be provided, as, for instance, that indicated more particularly in Figure 10, having the pair of oppositely inclined, conical frictional surfaces 26 and 21.

A driven clutch member 28 is mounted upon the shaft 2| adjacent the driving clutch member 25, but keyed thereto by means of the key 29 and slidable axially on said shaft 2| and key 29, and having a suitable annular concentric channel 30 in registration with, andin operative juxtaposition to the driving clutch member 25, and hav-- ing corresponding conical friction surfaces 3| and 32 adapted for frictional engagement with the surfaces 26 and 21.

Behind the housing 20, and carried by the table 33, (which also carries'the housing 20) any suitable electric motor 34, is mounted, with its axis parallel to the axis of the shaft 2|, and with a V-pulley 35 on the shaft thereof, in alignment with the pulley 24. A suitable V-belt 36 is placed over the motor pulley 35 and clutch pulley 24, so as operatively to interconnect the same. By running the motor constantly and then from time to time pressing the driven clutch member 28 into frictional engagement with the driving clutch member 25 in the direction of the arrow 31, the shaft 2| may be rotated at a predetermined speed;-the shaft 2| remaining stationary when the clutch member 28 is in the retracted position indicated in Figure 10. In the hub-like portion 38 of the driven clutch member 28, an annular groove 39 is provided. A pivot bracket 40 is carried inside the frame or housing 20, and to the pivot bracket 40 the L-shaped arm 4| is pivotally secured at 42. The upwardly extending portion 43 of the L-shaped arm 4| is bifurcated into a fork-like terminal which straddles the hub 38 and the upper terminals of which carry the rollers 44 on horizontal trunnions 45. The rollers 44 extend freely into the channel 39 and the hub 38 of the driven clutch member 28, so that the driven clutch member 28 may be rotated freely in relation to the fork 43, and so that by oscillating the fork 43 about the pivot 42, the driven clutch member 28 may be mounted into and out of operative engagement with the driving clutch member 25, in order to impart rotary motion to the shaft 2|, or to deprive said shaft of such rotary motion at the will of the operator.

A helical tension spring 46 may be operatively interposed between the fork 43 and a suitable anchorage 41 carried by the housing 20, thereby normally to tend to retract the driven clutch member 28 from the driving clutch member 25;

A suitable pull rod or operating rod 48 may be linked to the arm 4 I43 at the point 49, and may be extended downwardly to a suitable opening 50 in the bottom of the housing 20, and down through the supporting pedestal 5|, to a foot.

treadle 52 pivoted at 53, whereby the clutch may be brought into operative engagement by depressing the treadle 52 with the foot.

' Upon the shaft 2| a trip cam member 54 is fixedly secured by the key 55 intermediate the hub thereof and the shaft 2|; the trip cam member 54 having one or more circumferentially distributed eccentric rises 56. In the particular illustration shown, there are two cam rises 56 in diametrically opposite positions, although "this number may be varied according to the speed of the shaft 2| and the frequency of blows or strokes desired.

Adjacent the trip cam 54 a cone 5'! is mounted on the shaft 2|, free tomove axially thereon,

and either rotationally free with respect to'the shaft or rotationally keyed thereto. In the particular illustration shown, the cone 51 is free both for axial sliding movement on the shaft 2|,

as Well as rotationally free. In the hub portion 58 of the cone 51, an annular groove 59 is lprovided for receiving the inwardly projecting pins 60 of the cone-operating fork 6|. The coneoperating fork 6| is also pivoted to the pivot bracket 40 at the point 42, and is also generally toe-shaped, as indicated in Figure 8. An operating rod 62 is suitably linked'to the fork arm 6| at the point 63, and extends downwardly through a suitable opening 64 at the bottom of the housing 20 and down through the table 33 and then through the open upper end of the hollow pedestal 5| to a foot treadle 65 pivoted at whereby the cone 5'! may be moved axially on the 'shaft 2| by foot operation. A helical tension 88. From the hammer arm hub 10, the hammer arm II extends outwardly and downwardly as indicated in Figures 5 and 4, and the trip arm I?! extends downwardly into alignment with the trip .cam 54 and cone 51.

The hammer arm II and trip arm' I2 have been placed in'generally the same vertical plane, although these two members may be spaced from each other in' an axial direction any suitable distance upon the same hub or upon a connecting shaft through which they may be fixedly interconnected.

7 To the trip arm I2,a cam follower'shoe I3 is secured, as for instance by means of screws I4. The cam follower shoe I3 is provided with a fiat arrow I6. The shoe I3 is also provided with an 5 inclined toe 11, having substantially the same inclination as the surface of the cone 5! and in operative juxtaposition to said cone, whereby the contact between said toe "I1 and cone 51 will establish the limiting position of the trip arm 10 I2, and hence of the hammer arm II on the operative stroke.

A helical tension spring I8, or any other suitable spring such as a leaf spring, cantilever type or beam type, may be operatively interposed be- 15 tween the trip arm I2 or the hammer arm H at some stationary part of the frame work or housing. In the 1 particular illustration shown, the

helical tensionspring is interposed between the anchorage 'IS on the trip arm'and an adjustable 20 anchorage adjustably carried in the back wall w 8 I of the frame work or housing. The adjustable anchorage 80 is in the form of a screw which is extended freely through an opening 82 in the by thenut 83 journaled in the outer enlarged opening 84 in the housing wall and having an exf ternal knurled or other suitable enlarged flange or ring 85 for manual engagement in order to tighten or loosen the spring I8.

screw anchorage 80 may also be provided with a longitudinal key-way 86, into which the smooth reduced end 81 ofa set-screw 88 is adapted to project, so as to prevent the screw anchorage 80 "housing wall 8| and is screw-threadedly engaged 25 The adjustable glo from turning as the nut 83 is rotated thereon-$5 Ihe nut 83 may also be provided with a Slight annular groove 89 through which a tangential pin 90 may be extended through that'portion of the housing so as to lock the nut 83 axially terfering with its rotation.

If desired, additional means'may be provided for limiting the hammering motion of the hammer II, as for instance the set-screw 9|, screwin the enlarged opening 84, without however ill-{40 threadedly extended through the portion 92 01 ,55

the housing, as indicated at 93, and having its inner-most end 94 in alignment with the triparm I2, so as to act as a stop for said trip-arm and also for the hammerarm II. The outer end of the screw 9| may be provided with a knurledam head 95, so that it'may be manually adjusted, and may also, be provided with a knurled or other suitable lock nut 96, whereby it may be locked in any adjustable position, as indicated particularl in Figure 11. I r I To the basal portion 91 of the housing 20, the anvil holder 98 is suitably. secured as, for instance, by the bolts 99. p p

The anvil holder 98 is provided with the bottom and top flat guide surfaces I00 and IOI, on the- ,8 0

laterally projecting portions I02 and "I03 respec-- tively, carried by the upright portion I04. The surfaces I00 and IOI are parallel with each other and between 'them a slide I05 is adjustably mounted, as indicated in Figures 8, lland 12. A 65 loose clamping plate I06 is disposed between the laterally projecting portions I02 and I03 and serves as the fourth side of a moreor less fully enclosed guide passageway for the slide I05. The

an outwardly projecting boss I08 for reinforcing sa d wall and increasing the length of the screwthreaded hole, and a bolt I09 is extended through a corresponding and registering opening H0 in g the clamping plate I06 of the anvil holder and is threaded into the wall I04 so as to permit the tightening of the plate I06 against the slide I05, thereby to lock the slide in any predetermined position. The slide I05 is in turn provided with an elongated opening or slot I I I which clears the bolt I09, so that the bolt may extend through the slide without it interfering with the movement thereof within the necessary limits of such movements. The anvil holder mayalso be provided with another laterally projecting portion II2 extending from the upright or vertical wall I04 or from the clamping plate I06, through which an adjustment screw H3 is screw-threadedly extended and the inner end of which bears against the lower end II4 of the slide I05. A knurled head II 5 is provided on the screw II3 so as to facilitate its manual operation.

The adjustment of the anvil slide I05 in relation to the hammer arm II or in relation to the hammer point I I6 thereof involves the temporary loosening of the bolt I09 and the adjustment of the screw II3 to the desired point and then the subsequent tightening of the bolt I09 again. In order to afford access to the head N1 of the bolt I09 with a suitable socket Wrench, a registering opening II8 may be provided in the side wall II9 of the housing 20. The upper end of the anvil slide I05 carries an anvil table I preferably formed integrally therewith and generally at a right angle thereto and the anvil table is recessed slightly at a point in registration with the hammer point II6 as indicated at I2I and into said recess a small anvil plate I 22 is inserted, held in place against lateral displacement by suitable screws I23. The anvil plate I22 may be of a specially hard metal or a specially tough metal, as for instance, some special grade of tool steel or other suitable steel or alloyed steel, while the anvil table I20 and slide I05 may be made of a steel forging or the like.

At the lower end of the anvil table I20, a pair of similar arms I24 and I25 may be pivotally mounted about the pivot I21.

At the upper end of the anvil table I20, another pair of pivot arms I24-a and I25a may be pivotally mounted about the pivot I25.

The juxtaposed upper and lower arms I24 and I24a may be interconnected with a connecting rod I28 riveted or otherwise fixedly secured to said juxtaposed arms, While the juxtaposed upper and lower arms I25 and I25-a may be similarly interconnected by the rod I29 similarly secured thereto so that the swinging or pivotal motion of the juxtaposed arms at the top and bottom will be in unison or simultaneous. The free ends I30, I30a, I3I and I3Ia of the upper and lower arms may be also further and similarly interconnected by or give pivotal bearing totrunnions I32 and I33 whereby the rollers I34 and I35 may be loosely or rotatably mounted.

To the lower projecting portions I36 and I3! of the arms I 24 and I25, the perforated and in ternally threaded nut-like members I38 and I39 are pivotally secured by loose rivets I40 or the like, extending through the right angular base portions MI and I42 thereof. The internal screw threads in the nut-like members I38 and I39 are threaded in opposite directions;that is, one being a right-handed thread and the other being a left-handed thread. The two nut-like members I 38 and I39 are interconnected by means of a screw stem I43 having oppositely threaded ends I44 and I45, corresponding to the internal threads of the corresponding nut-like members I38 and I39, so that the rotation of the stem I43 in one direction will bring the nut-like members I38 and I39 together while the rotation in the 0pposite direction will move them about, thereby to bring the lower ends of the arms I25 together or to spread them apart as the case may be, and so as oppositely to move the outer roller-carrying ends I30 and I3I. A centering bracket I4! is secured to the lower side of the anvil table I20 by means of screws I48, and the outwardly projecting flange I49 thereof is provided with a slot I50, the opposite sides of which engage and project into a slight annular channel or groove I5I ;-thereby to center the oppositely threaded stem I43. the stem I 43, as for instance, that indicated at I52 may be made of polygonal cross-section as for instance, the square cross-section indicated in Figure 15, so as to receive the corresponding socket of a wrench-like key I53 so that the adjustment may be made more readily.

The pivot I26 may be in the form of a bolt as indicated in Figures 11 and 14, having its pivotal portion of slightly larger diameter than the outer diameter of the screw-thread so that the shoulder formed between the pivotal portion and the screw thread will act as a stop in tightening up the bolt so that the flat arms pivoted thereon may be free. The pivot I21 may be similarly arranged, although it may be provided with a nut I54 which may be moved up to the fiat arms I24 and I 25 to the desired extent and then locked in place by the lock nut I55. The pivot member I2'I may be further extended into a stem I55 onto wlnch the end holding arm I51 may be adjustably mounted as indicated in Figures 11 and l4:- being held in any particular place by a set screw I 58 having a suitable knurled head. The arm I5! is preferably provided with a ball-shaped upper contact end I59 which contacts the closed end of the piston designated generally by the numeral IIiIimangil1 indicated in dotted lines in Figure 11.

e ammer point. IIIS ma al v hard or tough steel and is y so be of speclal nto the end of the hammer arm II as indicated in Figure 11. This hammer point may be eithe screw threadedly inserted or may be inserted into zfriginhhole of smaller diameter than the head e ammer oint V a lateral set scrlwand then held in place by As indicated particularly in Figure 11, the pedestal 5! 1s generally hollow and open at its upper and to the upper flange I 5 is secured by means of the bolts IE table 33 in turn the hammer housing 2 E22 cuXed boy means of the bolts I63. k

sui able sheet metal cover I64 of I tour is then extended over the housirig z ai v r ll as over the motor 34 behind said housing so as :35 51011110180615 enclose all the operative mecha- The height of the pedestal 5I is prefer as to permit the operator to sit in fro t ii f tli machlne on an ordinary chair with his feet on the foot treadles and with the anvil more or less approximately at table height so as to permit the operator to manipulate the piston on the anvil with his hands and also to have his eye focussed on the hammering zone inside the piston while the operator is in such seated position.

The table 33 is preferably extended laterally on either side of the hammer housing 20 and on either side of the sheet metal casing I64 so as to provide horizontal table areas I65 and I66upon which the work in progress may be placed.

I24'and.

One of the outer ends of preferably inserted IBI thereof the table wheel l 61 may be mounted on one of the ends, as

If desired, an abrasive wheel such as an emery for instance, on the right end of the shaft of the motor 34 or upon a suitable extension thereof, on which the piston maybe trimmed by grinding if necessary. The emery or car'borundum or abrasive wheel I61 is of the face-grinding type a as indicated in Figure 7. If desired, the table 33 may be elevated slightly as at I68 adjacent the face of the abrasive wheel I51 so that the piston may be rested thereon for grinding;the upper surface I69 being preferably flat and horizontal and at a right angle to the face of the abrasive bead-like or ledge portions I12 which keep the work from sliding oil the table or shelf.

In the sheet metal cover I64, openings H3 and H4 may also beprovided for accessto the adjustments 85, 95 and H5, and another opening I may also be: provided in registration with the openingl l8 for access to the bolt head I ll. Side openings I16 and ill at the base of the pedestal are provided for the passage of the foot control means heretofore described in the front wall of the sheet-metal cover 164, a generally vertical opening I18 is providedsufiicient to clear the hammer-arm ll.

The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit .or essential attributes thereof, and it is therefore desired thatthe presentembodiment be'considered in all respects as illustratiye and not restrictive, reference being had to th'eappended;

claims rather than to the foregoing description to indicate the scope of the invention.

Having thus described the invention, what is herebyclaimed as new-and desired to be secured by Letters Patent, is: i 1. In a piston peening machine, an adjustable work'holder including'an'anv'il-block having a pair'of arms pivoted at its upper portion and a pair of arms each pivoted at the lower portion of the anvil-block, a rotatably mounted roll carried by the aligned outer ends of an arm of each pair and adapted to contact and position a piston in operative engagement with the anvil-block, the

inner ends of at least one pair of said arms extending inwardly beyond the pivot point of each, and a'manually operable screw connecting said inner ends together for simultaneously and uniformly adjusting the distance between. said rolls to adapt the holder'to receive pistons of different diameters. 7 a

2. In a piston peening machine, an adjustable work holder including an anvil-block having a;

pair of arms pivoted at its upper portion and a pair of arms each pivoted between its ends at the lower portion of the anvil-block, a rotatably mounted roll carried by the aligned outer ends of an arm of each pair and adapted to contact and the anvil-block, and a manually operable screw connecting the inner ends of the lower arms together for simultaneously and uniformly adjusting the distance between said rolls to adapt the holder to receive pistons of different diameters. f

. =15 position a piston in operative engagement with ously and uniformly adjusting the distance between said rolls to adapt the holder to receive pistons of different diameters. I l

work holder including an anvil-block having a pair of arms. pivoted at its upper portion and a pair of arms each pivoted between its ends at a common point on the lower: portionof the anvilblock, a rotatably mounted roll carried by the aligned outer ends of an arm of each pair and adapted to contact and position the skirt of a piston in operative-engagement with the anvil' block, a manually operable screw connecting the inner ends of the lower arms together for simultaneously and uniformly adjusting the distance between said rolls to adapt the holder to receive pistons of different diameters, and an arm mounted on the lower portion of the anvil-block and having a free end engageable with the closed end wall of said piston and adjustable longitudinally 3, 4. In a piston peening machine, an ad ustable

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