US2167192A - Shingle - Google Patents

Description

July 25, 1939. w. c. WEBER 2,167,192

SHINGLE Filed July 23, 1938 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Snnentor W/LL m M a. WEBER (Ittomegs July 25, 1939. w, 'c, WEBER 2,167,192

SHINGLE Filed July 23, 1938 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Illlllllllllll'illllllllllllllllllll mmlmumllullllmilllllllllllllllllllllllllllIllllllllllll1|llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll Snventor WILL /AM 0. WEBER Patented July 25 1939 SHINGLE William G. Weber, Birmingham, Ala., assignor of one-half to Standard Roofing Company, Birmingham, Ala., a corporation of Alabama Application July 23, 1938, Serial No. 220,836,

10 Claims.

My invention relates to a shingle, formed of metallic or like stiff but bendable stock, which is designed and adapted to produce to a marked degree in the laid roof the ornamental shadow- .line effect obtained from tile and like thick, heavy and expensive roofing.

My invention comprises a shingle, the body of which is substantially rectangular having its butt tip truncated by a bent under lock lip, and at its upper tip a protected nailing hole, the lower marginal side edges and the butt lock tip being bent under to form deep underlocking flanges while its upper marginal side edges arebent over to form relatively shallow overlooking flanges. 7

My invention is further characterized by so forming and bending the lock tip at the shingle :butt that it produces a transverse exposed surface of substantial depth that lies in a plane normal to the shingle body before it is bent back to form the underlocking tongue, the considerable height thus provided in the flat exposed butt edge being one of the most important features of my shingle in that it provides in the laid roof a pronounced shadow-line effect.

The provision of the pronounced shadow-line effect from the shingle is further carried out along its lower or exposed diagonal side edges by so bending its underlocking flanges as to produce exposed flat vertical faces ofv substantial height before they are bent sharply under to form the inturned lips that interlock under the overlooking flanges of sub-jacent shingles.

My invention is further characterized by forming the overlooking flanges with a double bend to produce an inwardlyopening fold forming a lock pocket and a free edge extending outwardly beyond the fold and terminating in an upturned lip to form a water trough and supplemental support for the overlying shingle edges.

A further distinctive feature of my invention lies in so bending the overlooking flanges where they overlap at the top corner of the shingle as to provide a nailing site beyond their folded zones so that the nail hole lies without and does not intersect the lock pockets formed by the folds of the lapped overlooking flanges.

My invention further comprises the novel details of construction and arrangements of parts which, in their preferred embodiment only, are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 shows the blank from which the shingle is formedwith its locking flanges shown in full lines bent into operating position on one side.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged plan view showing the lapped overlooking flanges associated with the butt lock lip which is shown in an intermediate horizontal sectional view.

Fig. 3 is an exploded view, in perspective. to better show the shadow-line effect produced by my present invention in a roof, one whole shingle being shown detached ready to be interlocked in position, and the special shingles for cave and.

rake being shown in position.

Fig. 4 is a Sectional view taken along the line IV-IV of Fig. 3 enlarged;

Fig. 5 is an enlarged cross sectional view taken on the line V-V of Fig.2; and v Fig. 6 is a bottom view of Fig. 2, omitting any showing of the lock lip of the overlying shingle.

Similar reference numerals refer to similar parts throughout the drawings. r

The shingle embodying my presentinvention is intended to be cut from substantially rectangular or square metallic stock, as may be seen by reference to Fig. 1, in which the main body ll! of the shingle is shown provided on its unfolded right side with notches II and I2 formed in the lower edge adjacent to the side corner 13 of the blank. Similar notches appearing in dotted lines are formed in the blank for the left hand side corner l4.

At the lower or butt corner of the shingle blank I provide similar right and left hand notches l5 which define between them a lock lip adapted to be bent at right angles along the fold lines l6 and H to define a vertical panel I 8 and a bottom triangular lock lip l9. The notches II and i5 on each lower side edge of the shingle define between them what I term an underlocking'flange when the interposed metal is bent along the fold lines 20 and 2|, said flanges comprising what I term a vertical face 22 and at its base an underhung lock lip 23. These elements are clearly .shown in Fig. 4.

The overlooking flalnges, which are formed along the upper side edges of the blank, which meet at its apex or top corner 25. are each bent along the fold lines indicated at 26, 2'! and 28, it being noted that each fold line 26 bisects the triangular stock leftbetween its respective notches H and I2, that each fold line 2! intersects the base of its respective notch l2 and each fold line 28 is adjacent to and, parallel with the near straight side edge of the shingle. Since the overlooking flanges are intended to be formed in sequence and not simultaneously, Fig. 1 shows the left hand overlooking flange as having been formed first, and to form this flange the stock is first bent up and folded over upon itself upon the fold line 26 to form a close bight that opens inwardly and serves as a lock pocket. This is better seen in Fig. 4, where the top member 29' of the fold is formed by the stock, indicated at 29, lying between the fold lines 26 and 21 (Fig. 1). The stock is then folded outwardly and back upon itself along the fold line 21 so as to produce a flange 30 that extends outwardly beyond the fold line 26 and has a downward slope until it reaches the fold line 28, along which line the stock is finally bent up to form the vertical flange 3|. The elements 30 and 3| form a water trough to trap and carry ofi any water that may find its way past the joint formed by interlocked, overlocking and underlocking flanges of superposed shingles.

In Fig. 1 I show in plan the completely formed left hand overlocking flange. When the right hand overlocking flange is formed in the same manner, the stock previously formed to produce the left hand overlocking flange is. itself also bent along the right hand fold lines 26, 2'! and 28, along with the body stock and this doubling produces many plies of stock near the top or apex portion of the shingle, as may be seen by reference to Figs. 2 and 6, and is particularly illustrated in Fig. 5, which is a cross sectional view taken through the formed top corner of the finished shingle. The upturned flanges 3| will perhaps be most easily formed if they are not bent up until after the overlocking flanges have been otherwise folded and lapped where they intersect at the upper corner.

The overhung flange portion 3! in the top corner of the shingle provides a small rectangular nailing platform or nailing space 32 which lies above and beyond the inner fold lines 26 defining the lock pockets so as to be fully protected against access of water to this space 32 from the interlocked flange joints. and preferably the shingle is formed so that the upturned flanges 3i extend about its exposed edges as will appear in Figs. 2 and 5.

Fig. 6 shows a bottom view of this nailing space or platform 32 with a hole 33 punched therein to receive a wide headed nail 34 (Fig. 2), which as it there appears is engaging the flanges 3!, but if desired these flanges may be driven down opposite the corner space 32 so that the nail head can come to rest flat upon them. The important feature is that this nail hole is beyond the fold lines 26, and where the stock is doubled by the lapping of the overlocking flanges the stock is compressed as is shown in Fig. 5 so as to close up the lock pocket space that otherwise normally exists throughout the lock flange'between the members 29 and the upper surface of the shingle lil as same appears in Fig. 4. i I

Having bent the butt lock lip along the lines iii and l! and formed the underlocking and overlooking flanges in the manner above described, the shingles are ready for the laying of the roof in the manner shown in Fig. 3, itbeing noted that half shingles llla, are out just below the horizontal diagonal for application along the eaves with a flange formed by bending the stock below the diagonal line to form an exposed face 22a, corresponding to 22, and an underhung lip (not shown), corresponding to 23, which latter lip is engaged with the starting strip, or like means, customarily provided along the eave. In like manner, half shingles lilb, divided close to the vertical diagonal, are used along the rake, the cut edge being bent to form a side flange at 22b and an underlocking flange 23b, corresponding to 23, which is adapted to be engaged under the rake strip, or any equivalent member, such as is customarily provided. I

Having first interlocked a series of starting shingles llla along the cave strip and anchored them in properly spaced relation to the decking by nails driven through their respective holes 33, the first rake shingle lilb is interlocked in position with the rake strip from whichever side the roofing is to be laid, its underlocking flange ele-i ment 23 being engaged in the lock pocket formed under the fold element 29 of an overlocking flange of the subjacent shingle la, and then it is nailed through its flange or top hole 33 to the rake. We are now ready to lay the first whole shingle H3, which is done quickly and simply by drawing it upwardly until its underlocking flange lips 23 and its butt lock lip l9 interlock respectively with the overlocking flange pockets of the sub-jacent eave shingles Mia, and when drawn up to position with its butt lock lip 19 engaging and wedging itself between the bends 26 of two subjacent shingles, a nail 34 is driven through its nailing hole 33. This procedure is followed to complete the second course. The thirdcourse of complete shingles H3 isthen laid by' afgsimilar process, the shingles being drawn upwardly into place with their underlocking flanges and lock lip interlocked with the lockpockets formed in the overlocking flanges of the sub-jacent whole shingles l9, whereupon the nail 34 is driven through their. respective holes 33, and the third row is thus completed.

By reference to Fig. ,3, it will be noted that pronounced shadow-line effects are obtained from the exposed flat vertical faces 22 and I8 of the several underlocking flanges and butt lock lips.

This gives a thick orbulky appearance to the elements 23 (Fig. 4) that may chance to find its way back and then over the interlocking flange elements 29 and 31] will be caught in the troughs formed by the elements 3i 3! and forced by the pitch of the roof to travel down these converging troughsuntil it is. delivered on to the butt lock lip Hi, and it will be clearly apparent from an examination of Fig. 2, that this water will be free to escape at either end of this lock lip but in so escaping it will pass under lips 23 and into the lock pockets of the adjacent overlocking flanges of sub-jacent shingles. It will be apparent that even should it rise above the level of the bends 29 in line with the lock lip l8 it will first enter the upper ends of the troughs. and it must climb over the lapped plies and overcome It is important to note that when the shingles become interlocked in the manner described in a roof, the interlocking lips 31 will support the overlying shingles so that there will be but little surface contact area between joint surfaces, as a result of which damage from sweating is obviated and free access of air will serve to keep the joints dry.

The shingles described are produced with. but very little waste of stock; they can be very quickly and accurately laid and when once interlocked in position they become interlocked throughout the whole roof, the single nails in the upper corners being ample to hold the interlocked shingle roof securely to the decking. In Fig. 4, for clarity of illustration, the folded over flange element 29 forming the lock pocket is shown so as to somewhat exaggerate the bight provided to receive the complemental lip element 23, and this is also true of Fig. 3, it being desirable in practice to have a somewhat closer fit than that shown,

though even that would be entirely effective in operation.

While I have shown my invention in but one form, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that it is not so limited, but is susceptible of various changes and modifications, without departing from the spirit thereof, and I desire, therefore, that only such limitations shall be placed thereupon as are imposed by the prior art or as are specifically set forth in the appended claims.

What I claim is:

l. A metallic shingle formed of substantially square stock having at its butt corner an underlocking lip, having along its lower side edges underlocking bent flanges, and having its upper edges bent up to form overlooking flanges which are overlapped to form, the top corner of the shingle and in each of which the metal is folded first upwardly and over upon itself to provide an inwardly opening lock pocket and then an outwardly extending trough element, a single nailing sight being provided at said top corner outside of the overlapped lock pockets.

2. A metallic shingle formed from substantially rectangular stock, with notches adjacent to its side and butt corners only to define between them flanges, said flanges being bent down and under to form downwardly converging underlocking flanges, the stock at the butt corner between the adjacent flanges being bent down and under to form an underlocking butt lip, the upper edges of the shingle being each folded up inwardly over the shingle and then over itself outwardly and then up to define in each of its upwardly converging overlooking flanges a trough element overlying an inwardly opening lock pocket formed by its initial fold, and a single nailing space provided in the top corner of the shingle above the adjacent lock pocket.

3. A metallic shingle formed from substantially rectangular stock, with notches adjacent to its side and butt corners to define between them flanges, said flanges being bent down and under to form downwardly converging underlocking flanges, the stock at the butt corner between the adjacent notches being bent down and under to form an underlocking butt lip, the upper edges of the shingle being each folded up and inwardly over the shingle and then outwardly over itself to a point beyond the first fold line and then up to define in each of such upwardly converging overlocking flanges a trough element overlying an inwardly opening lock pocket, which extends continuously about the top corner and is adapted to receive the underlocking flanges and the underlocking butt lip of the three superjacent shingles in a roof, and a nailing space provided in the top corner of the shingle beyond the adjacent lock pockets.

4. A metallic shingle according to claim 3, in which the shingle stock is so folded at its top corner as to cause the overlooking flanges to be folded the one over the other so as to seal the pocket and provide a single nailing space for the shingle in the overhung corner of the overlying trough element.

5. A metallic shingle according to claim 3, in which the shingle stock is so folded at its top corner as to cause the overlocking flanges to be folded the one over the other, and pressed down to close the lock pockets in this lapped area and provides a single nailing space in the top corner which is overhung beyond the adjacent lockpocket-forniing elements.-

6. A shingle of the character described, having a substantially rectangular body adapted to be laid with a diagonal normal to the cave, said body having its upper converging edges which define a top corner angle bent and folded upon themselves to form overhanging lock flanges having a shallow bight opening inwardly and extending continuously about the top corner and. overlying it a continuous marginal trough element, and having its lower converging edges bent to form underhanging lock flanges, the top corner of the shingle being formed by a trough element adapted to receive a fastening nail positioned beyond the intersection of its underlying folds, there being a lock lip at the lower truncated butt tip of the shingle bent downwardly and under to form an underhung lock tongue adapted to be engaged in the top corner of the bights formed in the overlooking flanges of the subjacent shingles in a roof.

'7. A shingle according to claim 6, in which the tongue of its butt lock tip, throughout its marginal edges will lie under the underlocking flanges of the superjacent shingles at each side and be housed in the continuous angled bight formed in the overlocking overlapped flanges of subjacent shingles above it in the roof.

8. In a metallic shingle of approximately rectangular shape adapted to be laid with a diagonal normal to the roof eave, and having free flanges along its lower edges which are bent down and under, a butt tip free of said flanges and bent down to form a butt wall and under to form a lock lip, and flanges along its upper edges bent first over and inwardly upon the shingle body to define inwardly opening pockets shaped snugly to receive the lower edge of said free flanges on two superjacent shingles in the same course and then bent outwardly substantially horizontally to overhang beyond such pocket and finally upwardly adjacent to the overlying shingle to define a trough, said pocket-forming flanges being extended to overlap the top shingle tip and provide a V-shaped pocket open only along its lower end and adapted to receive the butt tip lock lip of the overlying shingle, and a nailing sight formed by the lapped, overhung, trough flanges at the top tip.

9. A metallic shingle according to claim 8, in which the butt tip wall and the bent down portions of the free flanges define upright wall elements of substantial height which are adapted to form a shadow line border surrounding the lower truncated body of the shingle.

10. A metallic shingle according to claim 8, in which the butt tip wall and the bent down por tions of the free flanges define upright wall elements of substantial height which are adapted to form a shadow line border surrounding the lower truncated body of the shingle, and the upturned trough forming lip of the upper shingle flanges have substantial height approximating that of said shadow line border and are adapted to reinforce the said border in supporting the shingle exposures.

WILLIAM C. WEBER.

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