US2164115A - Time fuse for projectiles - Google Patents

Time fuse for projectiles Download PDF

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Publication number
US2164115A
US2164115A US61381A US6138136A US2164115A US 2164115 A US2164115 A US 2164115A US 61381 A US61381 A US 61381A US 6138136 A US6138136 A US 6138136A US 2164115 A US2164115 A US 2164115A
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United States
Prior art keywords
fuse
spring
cap
projectile
sleeve
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Expired - Lifetime
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US61381A
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English (en)
Inventor
Lasserre Jean
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rech S Etudes Applic Tech R E
S A Recherches Etudes Applications Techniques R E A T
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Rech S Etudes Applic Tech R E
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
    • F42C15/24—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein the safety or arming action is effected by inertia means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
    • F42C15/24—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein the safety or arming action is effected by inertia means
    • F42C15/26—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein the safety or arming action is effected by inertia means using centrifugal force
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C9/00—Time fuzes; Combined time and percussion or pressure-actuated fuzes; Fuzes for timed self-destruction of ammunition
    • F42C9/02—Time fuzes; Combined time and percussion or pressure-actuated fuzes; Fuzes for timed self-destruction of ammunition the timing being caused by mechanical means
    • F42C9/04—Time fuzes; Combined time and percussion or pressure-actuated fuzes; Fuzes for timed self-destruction of ammunition the timing being caused by mechanical means by spring motor
    • F42C9/041—Time fuzes; Combined time and percussion or pressure-actuated fuzes; Fuzes for timed self-destruction of ammunition the timing being caused by mechanical means by spring motor the clockwork activating a security device, e.g. for unlocking the firing-pin
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C9/00—Time fuzes; Combined time and percussion or pressure-actuated fuzes; Fuzes for timed self-destruction of ammunition
    • F42C9/02—Time fuzes; Combined time and percussion or pressure-actuated fuzes; Fuzes for timed self-destruction of ammunition the timing being caused by mechanical means
    • F42C9/04—Time fuzes; Combined time and percussion or pressure-actuated fuzes; Fuzes for timed self-destruction of ammunition the timing being caused by mechanical means by spring motor
    • F42C9/041—Time fuzes; Combined time and percussion or pressure-actuated fuzes; Fuzes for timed self-destruction of ammunition the timing being caused by mechanical means by spring motor the clockwork activating a security device, e.g. for unlocking the firing-pin
    • F42C9/045—Time fuzes; Combined time and percussion or pressure-actuated fuzes; Fuzes for timed self-destruction of ammunition the timing being caused by mechanical means by spring motor the clockwork activating a security device, e.g. for unlocking the firing-pin and the firing-pin being activated by a spring

Definitions

  • This invention relates to improvements in time fuses for projectiles.
  • Fuses of this kind have the inconvenience that they comprise voluminous and complicated mechanism and include fragile stops for limiting the movements of the timing member such as a key or rotating fuse cap which, in case of 15 breakage, produce the premature bursting of the projectile in the course of manipulation or in the gun or other piece of ordnance.
  • Fuses with centrifugal action have also been proposed but this type of fuse has the inconvenience of not working at low speeds of rotation of projectiles, fired with a light charge, by field guns.
  • the present invention relates to a mechanical time fuse with clockwork movement to which can be added a percussion device of the type in which the regulation of the time of firing is effected by rotating a cap mounted with friction on the fuse body.
  • the framework of the clockwork movement (block movement), containing mechanism having a balance regulator escapement, is connected before the discharge, with the frictional rotatable cap of the fuse, in order to effect regulation of the time of firing by the angular displacement of said cap.
  • the said framework rotates on itself inside the fixed cap at a speed regulated by the escapement and under the influence of a motive force generated and transmitted by suitable means, until a determined moment when the said framework produces the release of the percussion means, which are so arranged to be uninfluenced by centrifugal force, in the case of a gyratory projectile.
  • Other frictional and centrifugal means are provided to prevent any deregulation of the fuse at firing.
  • Figs. 1 to '7 show in axial section one form of construction of a fuse constructed according to the invention of these figures:
  • Fig, 1 is a vertical sectional view of the fuse with the parts at rest before the discharge.
  • Fig. 2 is a similar view showing the fuse timed by a demi-revolution at the discharge of the shot during the acceleration.
  • Fig. 3 is another view similar to Fig. 1 showing the parts at the timed moment of percussion.
  • Fig. 4 is an elevation of one of the important members, block movement of the fuse.
  • Fig. 5 shows in axial section a spring slide intended to transmit the motive force to the clockwork movement.
  • Figs. 6 and 7 respectively show an axial and cross section of a hooking ring co-operating with the slide shown in Fig. 5.
  • Fig. 8 shows partly in section and partly in elevation a variation of construction of the driving means of the fuse
  • Fig. 9 is a view similar to Fig. 8 showing another variation of such means.
  • the fuse comprises a body I, a hollow cap 2 angularly displaceable in relation to the body I, the connection between these parts being obtained by a sleeve 4 screwed into the cap 2 and a screw tightening ring 5 threaded around the sleeve 4 and screwed into the body I.
  • the sleeve 4 has at its rear end a shoulderpiece 4* which compresses a friction member 5 arranged between the latter and the rear end of the ring 5.
  • the frictional rotation of the cap 2 in relation to the body I is therefore obtained and regulated by the proper tightening of the sleeve 4 on the cap 2; a screw 2 locks this sleeve 4.
  • a lock-screw 8 is provided screwed radially into the body I.
  • the upper end of the cap 2 is terminated by a screw plug 3, locked by a radial screw 3 screwed into the cap.
  • Airtightness of the fuse between the cap 2 and body I is secured by 2 washers 6 and I of plastic material.
  • sleeve 4 and the body I and axially thereof the casing 9 of the clockwork movement (block movement) is mounted rotatable on two ball-bearings one of which (back bearing) is composed of a small sleeve I2 serving as socket to the ball bearing II for the pivot I0, while the other (front bearing) is composed of a roller support I3 mounted at the end of the sleeve 9 of the clockwork movement, which is rotatable between the balls I4 and a track ring I5 keyed axially by a washer of plastic material IT.
  • a washer I6 serves a stop for the balls I4,
  • the block movement 9 contains the clockwork mechanism provided with regulator and escapement means of any suitable type, and is composed of a pinion 8 which is the prime mover of a wheel train 22, 23, 24, a balance axle 25, a balance 2B and a torsion blade arranged in the axis of the fuse and fixed by one end 21 to the axle of the balance and by the end 28 to the end of the sleeve ll so as to enable the said balance to describe oscillations of great amplitude in order to regulate with exactness the motive force acting on the block movement 9.
  • the block movement 9 is provided on its lower surface with a circular rim 9 in which is an orifice 9 the function of which will be described hereinafter.
  • This rim 9 co-operates with a percussion device the release of which it operates, the said device comprising a slide 38 carrying a hammer 39 and subjected to' the action of a spring 40.
  • This slide 39 is held tensioned and apart from the priming 50 by a ball 4
  • This plunger 42 under the action of a spring 46 is kept in the active bolting position of the ball 4
  • This device includes a centrifugal radial bolt 43 having a pin 43 co-operating with a recess 42 provided in the cylindrical stem of the plunger 42 and maintained engaged therein by a spring 44 bearing against a screw plug 45, and a radial pin 41 co-operating with the head 42 of the plunger 42.
  • the sleeve 9 of the block movement has in its outer surface, for example, two helicoidal grooves 9 preferably of progressive pitch and two grub screws 35 carried by a slide 34 axially displaceable in relation to the sleeve 9, the function of which will be hereinafter described.
  • a strong spiral spring 30 of conical form for example, one end of which is fixed to the sleeve 4 and the other end is secured to an abutment device 3
  • the spring 30 is almost extended and its fore-end is connected to the member 3
  • the fuse includes means intended to prevent any untimely disarrangement of the cap 2 of the fuse by inertia of rotation at the firing of the projectile.
  • a toothed annulus 53 with inner ratchet teeth, inserted in a circular groove of the body l, which teeth cooperate with one or more spring pawls 5
  • the fuse includes an inertia operated locking device for the timing position of the clockwork movement consisting in a circular row of abutments 31 one end of which provided with a bevel edge is intended to engage in the circular rim 9 as the block movement will recoil at firing against these abutments 31 and against the percussion spring 40 which serves as shock absorber spring for the block movement 8.
  • the cap 2 In order to proceed with the timing of the fuse the cap 2 is rotated in relation to the body I, either by means of a hand regulator, or by an automatic regulator, using for this purpose the driving pins l and 2.
  • Fig. 2 it is assumed that the timing. has taken place and that the cap has been displaced to the extent of 180 with regard to the body of the fuse, which corresponds to a duration of about 20 seconds.
  • the block movement 9 which is integral with the displacements of the cap before the discharge, as the crown 2
  • the safety pin 41 is at that moment diametrically opposite the plunger 42, as well as the orifice 9 which is to liberate the latter.
  • the pin 2 of the cap 2 is likewise diametrically opposite the pin I.
  • the inertia of the block movement 9 and of the parts integral therewith also compresses the percussion spring 40 which, as already indicated above, acts simultaneously as a shock absorber for the block movement 9 and the recoil movement of the said block 9 is used to establish its conjunction with the body of the fuse through the intermediary of the abutment pins 31 with bevel-edged cutting ends which penetrate into the more ductile material of the rim 9 provided on the lower surface of the block movement 9.
  • the spring 40 causes the block movement 9 to be disengaged from the clamping action of the terminals 31 when the longitudinal acceleration has ceased.
  • the block movement 9 thus released can then, under the action of the spring 30 and owing to the intervention of the grub screws 35 and helicoidal grooves 9 rotate around its axis in the direction contrary to the timing and which is preferably that of the direction of rotation of the projectile, so that the rotation inertia of the block movement 9 may assist the rotation of the latter relatively 'to the body l--2 of the fuse (owing to the fact that, contrarily to the outer body l2 of the fuse, the rotation of which is braked by the air during the travel along the trajectory, the rotation inertia of the inner block movement 9, which is not subjected to the braking action, remains substantially constant and therefore tends to produce a rotation of said block movement relatively to the fuse body in the direction of rotation of the projectile, thereby assisting the action of the compression spring 38 in case the latter produces a rotation in the'same direction)
  • Fig. 5 represents in longitudinal axial section the slide 34 provided with hooks 35 and two screw tenons
  • a spring 36 with bent claws 36 hooking to the sleeve t prevents the slide 34, during transport, from quitting the position which it occupies in Fig. l, but, after the cessation of the acceleration at the firing of the projectile, the claws 36* offer only a comparatively slight resistance to the action of the spring 30 which forces them to fold up again as shown in Fig. 3.
  • Figs. 6 and '7 is shown the abutment device made of rings 3! and 32 fitted one into the other.
  • the ring 32 serves as a guide on the sleeve 9 of the block movement 9 while the ring 3
  • FIG. 8 A modification of the motor means of the block movement s is shown in Fig. 8.
  • the motor is a standard clock movement spring 63 the inner end 63* of which is engaged to a hook S5 fixed on the sleeve 9 of the block movement 9 While the other outer end is secured to a hook (it provided on a drum mounted with friction or with a pawl in the cap of the fuse 2, the whole arranged so as to allow, before firing, the winding of the motor spring, by a means accessible from the outside of the fuse.
  • FIG. 9 A modification of the driving means of the fuse is shown in Fig. 9.
  • the motive force for operating the block movement Sis provided for by the centrifugal force generated by the rapid rotation of the projectile during flight.
  • the mechanical fuse shown in the drawings is of simple action; that is to say the timing is effected during the course of the flight of the projectile.
  • any known safety means for preventing the untimely percussion of the priming at the commencement of the flight of the projectile could also be combined or associated with my improved fuse.
  • a mechanical time fuse for artillery p-rojectiles having a hollow body, a mechanism for regulating the operation of the time fuse comprising a motor mounted in said body and connected thereto, a rotor connected to said motor to be rotated thereby, a clock mechanism entirely lodged in said rotor and connected to said fuse botdy for controlling the speed of rotation of said ro or.
  • a mechanical time fuse for artillery projec tiles having a hollow body, a mechanism for regulating the operation of the time fuse comprising a compression spring motor mounted in said body and connected thereto, a rotor connected to said motor to be rotated thereby, a clock mechanism entirely lodged in said rotor and connected to said fuse body for controlling the speed of rotation of said rotor.
  • a mechanical time fuse for artillery projectiles having a hollow body, a mechanism for regulating the operation of the time fu e comprising a compression spring motor mounted in said body and connected thereto, a rotor connected to said motor to be rotated thereby, a clock mechanism entirely lodged in said rotor and transmission means forming a part of said clock mechanism and eccentrically carried by said rotor, said transmission means connecting said rotor to said fuse body and operable by rotational movement of said'rotor relative to said fuse body to actuate said clock mechanism for controlling the speed of rotation of said rotor.
  • said hollow body is constituted by a fixed base and by an adjustable timing cap, a fir t sleeve with a shoulder piece fixed to said cap, a second sleeve concentric with the first fixed to said base, adjustable friction means between the two sleeves, permitting a rotation of one with respect to the other, a toothed ring meshing constantly with said transmission means carried by said rotor, means for maintaining said ring in mesh with said first sleeve b-y adjustable friction,
  • a spring motor therefor comprising a main spring of the compression type, a main shaft, inertia means arranged to compress said main spring in which due to acceleration of the projectile upon firing of the same, and to maintain said main spring in its compressed state during said acceleration, and means to couple said main spring to said main shaft upon cessation of acceleration whereby said main spring will cause said main shaft to rotate and operate said time fuse.
  • a mechanical time fuse for an artillery projectile including a cap member, a spring motor therefor comprising a main shaft rotatably mounted in the axis of said fuse, a main spring of the compression type co-axial with said main shaft, means to non-rotatably fix the lower end of said main spring to said cap member, inertia means arranged to compress said main spring due to acceleration of the projectile upon firing of the same, at least one helical groove in said main shaft, a sleeve slidably mounted upon the main shaft and provided with at least one spur engaged in said groove and means to couple the upper end of said main spring to said sleeve at the cessation of acceleration of said projectile, whereby the expansive action of the main spring will turn said main shaft and operate said fuse.
  • inertia means adapted to compress said main spring comprise a small mass slidably mounted on said main shaft and covering the upper end of said main shaft.
  • said means adapted to couple the upper end of said main spring to said sleeve comprises a ring slidably mounted on said main shaft and integral with the upper end of said main spring, a number of radial teeth carried by the inner periphery of said ring, a number of elastic hooks carried by said'sleeve and adapted to engage said teeth.
  • said sleeve comprises elastic hooking means for maintaining the sleeve at the lower part of said main shaft until the end of the acceleration of the projectile.
  • a hollow body H formed of a fixed base and an adjustable setting cap, a rotor rotatably and slidably mounted in said body, a firing-pin plunger axially slidable in said base, a compression spring interposed between said rotor and said plunger tending to actuate said plunger, locking means normally holding said plunger in an inoperative position, a notched circular rim formed on the bottom of said rotor, a mechanism cooperating with said rim to normally lock said locking means in plunger holding position after the setting of the fuse and to release said locking means at the expiration of a predetermined time and an auxiliary mechanism cooperating with said first named mechanism to prevent release of said locking means before the setting of the fuse, independently of said rim.
  • a hollow body formed of a fixed base and an adjustable setting cap, a rotor rotatably and slidably mounted in said body, a firing-pin plunger axially slidable in said base, a compression spring interposed between said rotor and said plunger tending to actuate said plunger, a locking ball normally holding said plunger in an inoperative position, a notched circular rim formed on the bottom of said rotor, a mechanism cooperating with said rim to normally look said ball in plunger holding position after the setting of the fuse and to release said ball at the expiration of a predetermined time and an auxiliary mechanism cooperating with said first named mechanism to prevent release of said ball before the setting of the fuse, independently of said rim.
  • a mechanical time fuse for an artillery projectile having a setting cap with a cylindrical bore and a base having therein an axial bore; a clockwork casing with a notch therein rotatably and slidably mounted in the cylindrical bore of said setting cap, a circular series of bearing balls for rotatably mounting said casing, a lower cylindrical race for said balls slidably mounted in the axial bore of the base of the fuse, a cylindrical firing pin plunger slidably mounted in said axial bore under said race, a shock absorbing percussion .coil spring interposed between said race and said plunger, means to hold normally said firing pin plunger in a cocked position with said spring in a compressed state, and a shiftable release shaft associated with and under the control of said notched clock work casing, and spring means to shift said release shaft to release said holding means when the notch in said clock Work casing coincides with said release shaft during the flight of the projectile.
  • a mechanical time fuse for an artillery projectile said fuse having a base and a setting cap each provided with a longitudinal bore, and said base having a radial bore; a firing pin slidably and axially mounted in the base of said fuse, a spring acting on said firing pin, a locking ball slidably mounted in the radial bore of said base and normally restraining said firing pin against the action of said spring, a release shaft slidably mounted in the longitudinal bore of said base and normally holding said ball immovable, a spring acting on said release shaft and tending to force it to a position to release said ball, a cylindrical clockwork casing rotatably and slidably mounted in the bore of said setting cap, a timing rim formed in the bottom of said casing, a release notch provided in said timing rim, safety means normally holding said release shaft in a position whereby it holds said ball immovable, releasable means to couple positively said casing to said setting cap before the firing of the projectile and means
  • said means for momentarily coupling said casing to said base are constituted by a number of circumferentially arranged sharp studs integral with said base and engaging into the bottom of said casing when the latter moves back.
  • said hollow body is constituted by a fixed base and by an adjustable timing cap; a number of circumferentially arranged pawls integral with said cap, an inner tcothing integral with said base, inertia means integral with said cap for bringing said pawls into engagement with said tcothing for preventing any angular misadjustment of said cap with respect to said base after the firing of the projectile.

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
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US61381A 1935-02-11 1936-01-29 Time fuse for projectiles Expired - Lifetime US2164115A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR188065X 1935-02-11

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US (1) US2164115A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE413657A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH188065A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE671254C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2446745A (en) * 1941-06-20 1948-08-10 Delay Fernand Clockwork-operated time fuse
US2850979A (en) * 1954-04-19 1958-09-09 Magnavox Co Time delay control means
US2911915A (en) * 1954-09-24 1959-11-10 Gibbs Mfg And Res Corp Time fuse
US2925778A (en) * 1957-03-15 1960-02-23 Stewart Warner Corp Helix type delay detent
US3124074A (en) * 1959-10-16 1964-03-10 Inertially armed fuze
US3126828A (en) * 1964-03-31 tafel
US4716830A (en) * 1985-07-29 1988-01-05 Morton Thiokol, Inc. Inertia safety and arming device
US4876960A (en) * 1987-12-16 1989-10-31 Gebruder Junghans Gmbh Fuse for low-spin or non-spin projectiles

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL246591A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1959-01-17

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3126828A (en) * 1964-03-31 tafel
US2446745A (en) * 1941-06-20 1948-08-10 Delay Fernand Clockwork-operated time fuse
US2850979A (en) * 1954-04-19 1958-09-09 Magnavox Co Time delay control means
US2911915A (en) * 1954-09-24 1959-11-10 Gibbs Mfg And Res Corp Time fuse
US2925778A (en) * 1957-03-15 1960-02-23 Stewart Warner Corp Helix type delay detent
US3124074A (en) * 1959-10-16 1964-03-10 Inertially armed fuze
US4716830A (en) * 1985-07-29 1988-01-05 Morton Thiokol, Inc. Inertia safety and arming device
US4876960A (en) * 1987-12-16 1989-10-31 Gebruder Junghans Gmbh Fuse for low-spin or non-spin projectiles

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Publication number Publication date
CH188065A (fr) 1936-12-15
DE671254C (de) 1939-02-04
BE413657A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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