US2158376A - Antenna system - Google Patents

Antenna system Download PDF

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Publication number
US2158376A
US2158376A US129462A US12916237A US2158376A US 2158376 A US2158376 A US 2158376A US 129462 A US129462 A US 129462A US 12916237 A US12916237 A US 12916237A US 2158376 A US2158376 A US 2158376A
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Prior art keywords
antenna
line
conductor
conductors
length
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Expired - Lifetime
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US129462A
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Moser Wilhelm
Paul Hans Erich
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Telefunken AG
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Telefunken AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/08—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path
    • H01Q21/10—Collinear arrangements of substantially straight elongated conductive units
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/40—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H01Q9/32—Vertical arrangement of element

Definitions

  • Linear antennas are known whereby two conductors extending parallel to each other and fed in opposite phase surround each other alternately in certain sections whereby the total radiation is substantially in phase.
  • the surrounding sections are in such known arrangements preferably of a length equal to one half wave length or shorter.
  • Figure 1 shows such a known construction in which the cylindrical sections a, b, c surround 10 the connector sections (1, e, f coaxially.
  • the line is so arranged that always a surrounding section is connected with the subsequent inner piece.
  • Such an antenna may be fed, for instance, at the ends g, h across a high frequency transformer i. It is immaterial how the antenna structure is oriented in space whether horizontally, for instance, or vertically.
  • a linear antenna radiating in equal phase which consists of two oppositely fed conductors arranged parallel to each other, in a such manner known that the first conductor surrounds the second one and alternately, the second conductor surrounds the first one.
  • the characteristic feature of the invention is hereby that the conductors enclose a continuous hollow 5 space substantially shielded metallically at the sides for the high frequency.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates prior art
  • Figs. 2 to 6 illustrate different embodiments of the invention.
  • Fig. 2 shows, by way of example, a mode of 55 construction of an arrangement in accordance with the invention revealing the fundamental principle of the invention. It should, furthermore. be remarked that the examples of construction are for a vertical all-around radiating antenna. However, the idea of the invention may also be similarly applied to radiation structures that are otherwise oriented in space. The lowest antenna section is, for instance, so dimensioned that at this end a current loop, i. e., a voltage minimum appears. At this point the outer conductor or inner conductor may be grounded, and in the same way as shown in Fig. l. the high frequency energy is applied through a transformer i.
  • a further hollow 15 metal tube It metallically connected with a and insulated from the inner conductor d.
  • This tube It forms the inner conductor in the following higher situated antenna section C, and in the third section cit again rests against the inside of the outer tube with which it is metallically connected.
  • this line is utilized for carrying the insulated through lines.
  • these electric lines pass at both ends into apparatus which feed or which are fed.
  • Figs. 3 and 4 show embodiments of the general idea of the invention in an improved mode as regards arrangement and construction.
  • two straight tubular through lines In and R12 are provided.
  • the 3 hollow space of each of the two straight conductors may serve to accommodate therein es pecially insulated conductor lines.
  • Fig. 4 shows a construction in which a continuous separate tube 703 is provided, while the two conductors l and m. surrounding each other alternately represent cylindrical pieces insulated from and coaxially arranged to the tube k3.
  • Figs. 5 and 6 show arrangements, according to the invention, which show that the continuous interior hollow spaces serve for receiving the separate inner conductor connecting the apparatus n and o.
  • the lowest tube is directly connected to ground or a point of zero radio frequency potential (Fig. 5, point q) or across an impedance (Fig. 6 designated by s) in accordance with the invention.
  • the length of the lowest section may be chosen equal to a quarter wave length.
  • the ground is represented as metal plate 15.
  • a metallic body for instance, in the form of the metal plate M is provided in accordance with the invention.
  • the apparatus o is thus shielded against the antenna field.
  • Fig. 6 shows in particular an arrangement, according to the invention, in which two linear antennas are arranged and situated above each other in the same vertical plane.
  • the lower antenna corresponds exactly with the hitherto described arrangement and shows the metallic end plates.
  • the feeding takes place through the high frequency transformer i1.
  • the hollow space It contains a further high frequency energy line n fed at the bottom through the high frequency transformer i2 and terminating at the top into a second linear antenna 10 having any desired shape.
  • the lower and upper antenna are effectively decoupled. This degree of decoupling can be increased if the upper metal body is given a large surface.
  • two waves differing from each other may be sent out or received.
  • one of the two antennas may radiate, for instance, through transformer i1 into the lower antenna, and reception may be had by means of high frequency transformer is and the upper antenna.
  • the upper antenna may also enclose an interior space, and may terminate at its upper end into a third antenna.
  • the lowest antenna must enclose two hollow spaces, according to Fig. 3.
  • An antenna comprising a plurality of hol low tubular aerial elements arranged end to end substantially in a straight line, a two-conductor transmission line for enabling in-phase excitation of each of said aerial elements, one conductor of said transmission line comprising a hollow tube extending within the hollow spaces of said aerial elements and throughout the length of said antenna, a source of high frequency energy connected to said two-conductor transmis sic-n line, another extending within and throughout the length of said one conductor and insulated therefrom, utilization apparatus at one end of said last line, and a source of energy at the other end of said last line.
  • An antenna comprising several hollow tubular aerial elements arranged end to end substantially in a straight line, a two-conductor transmission line within said elements, each of the conductors of said line connected to alternate elements, one of said conductors comprising a hollow tube and extending throughout the length of said antenna and a transmission line within said tube and insulated therefrom.
  • An antenna comprising several hollow tubular aerial elements arranged end to end substantially in a straight line, a two-conductor transmission line within said elements, each of the conductors of said line connected to alternate elements, one of said conductors comprising a. hollow tube and extending throughout the length of said antenna, a source of high frequency energy connected to said two-conductor transmission line, another line extending with in and throughout the length of said one conductor and insulated therefrom, utilization apparatus at one end of said last line, and a source of energy at the other end of said last line.
  • An antenna comprising several hollow tubular aerial elements arranged end to end substantially in a straight line, a two-conductor transmission line within said elements, each of the conductors of said line connected to alternate elements, one of said conductors comprising a hollow tube and extending throughout the length of said antenna, a source of high frequency energy connected to said two-conductor transmission line, another line extending with in and throughout the length of said one conductor and insulated therefrom, a source of energy at one end of said last line and another antenna at the other end of said last line extending in the same general direction as said first antenna but resonant to a frequency different from said first antenna.
  • An antenna comprising several hollow tubular aerial elements arranged end to end substantially in a straight line, a two conductor transmission line within said elements, each of the conductors of said line connected to alternate elements, each of said conductors comprising a hollow tube extending throughout the length of said antenna, a source of high frequency energy connected to said two conductor transmission line, another transmission line extending within and throughout the length of said hollow tubes and insulated therefrom, utilization apparatus at one end of said last mentioned line and a source of energy at the other end of said last mentioned line.
  • An antenna comprising several hollow tubular aerial elements arranged end to end substantially in a straight line, a two conductor transmission line within said. elements, each of the conductors of said line connected to alternate elements, one of said conductors comprising a hollow tube and extending throughout the length of said antenna, a source of high frequency energy connected to said two conductor transmission line, another line extending within and throughout the length of said one conductor and insulated therefrom, a source of energy at one end of said last line, another antenna at the other end of said last line extending in the same general direction as said first antenna but resonant to a frequency different from said an tenna, and a metallic plate between said antennas, said plate being connected to the uppermost end of said hollow tube.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Description

May 16, 1939. w. MOSER El AL ANTENNA SYSTEM Filed March 5, 1937 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTORS ELM MOSERAND HANS ERICH PAUL ATTORNEY Patented May 16, 1939 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE ANTENNA SYSTEM Application March 5, 1937, Serial No. 129,162 In Germany April 28, 1936 6 Claims.
Linear antennas are known whereby two conductors extending parallel to each other and fed in opposite phase surround each other alternately in certain sections whereby the total radiation is substantially in phase. The surrounding sections are in such known arrangements preferably of a length equal to one half wave length or shorter. Figure 1 shows such a known construction in which the cylindrical sections a, b, c surround 10 the connector sections (1, e, f coaxially. The line is so arranged that always a surrounding section is connected with the subsequent inner piece. Such an antenna may be fed, for instance, at the ends g, h across a high frequency transformer i. It is immaterial how the antenna structure is oriented in space whether horizontally, for instance, or vertically.
In cases where further electrical apparatus must be connected with the far end of the antenna with respect to the transmitter. It is impossible to arrange its connection lines parallel to the antenna or to otherwise connect them in the vicinity of the antenna since the radiation diagram of the antenna would thus be changed in an undesirable manner. For instance, it may be desired to supply power to an illumination bulb at the upper end of the antenna, or to have a further antenna placed thereabove of a different wave length and connected with another transmitter or with the same transmitter through a suitable energy line. This problem cannot be solved with the hitherto known forms of such antennas as far as we are aware. The present invention provides a construction by means of which the above problem is solved.
In accordance with the present invention a linear antenna radiating in equal phase is employed which consists of two oppositely fed conductors arranged parallel to each other, in a such manner known that the first conductor surrounds the second one and alternately, the second conductor surrounds the first one. The characteristic feature of the invention is hereby that the conductors enclose a continuous hollow 5 space substantially shielded metallically at the sides for the high frequency.
A better understanding of the invention may be had by referring to the following detailed description which is accompanied by drawings 50 wherein:
Fig. 1 illustrates prior art, and
Figs. 2 to 6 illustrate different embodiments of the invention.
Fig. 2 shows, by way of example, a mode of 55 construction of an arrangement in accordance with the invention revealing the fundamental principle of the invention. It should, furthermore. be remarked that the examples of construction are for a vertical all-around radiating antenna. However, the idea of the invention may also be similarly applied to radiation structures that are otherwise oriented in space. The lowest antenna section is, for instance, so dimensioned that at this end a current loop, i. e., a voltage minimum appears. At this point the outer conductor or inner conductor may be grounded, and in the same way as shown in Fig. l. the high frequency energy is applied through a transformer i. In the interior of the surrounding casing a there is situated a further hollow 15 metal tube It metallically connected with a and insulated from the inner conductor d. This tube It forms the inner conductor in the following higher situated antenna section C, and in the third section cit again rests against the inside of the outer tube with which it is metallically connected. In this manner the antenna can be conceived as extended into a suitable number of individual sections. It can be seen that no high frequency field exists in the interior of the tubular line k. In accordance with the invention, this line is utilized for carrying the insulated through lines. In accordance with the purpose intended, these electric lines pass at both ends into apparatus which feed or which are fed. Figs. 3 and 4 show embodiments of the general idea of the invention in an improved mode as regards arrangement and construction. In Fig. 3 two straight tubular through lines In and R12 are provided. In accordance with the invention, the 3 hollow space of each of the two straight conductors may serve to accommodate therein es pecially insulated conductor lines.
Fig. 4 shows a construction in which a continuous separate tube 703 is provided, while the two conductors l and m. surrounding each other alternately represent cylindrical pieces insulated from and coaxially arranged to the tube k3.
Figs. 5 and 6 show arrangements, according to the invention, which show that the continuous interior hollow spaces serve for receiving the separate inner conductor connecting the apparatus n and o.
In practical cases the lowest tube is directly connected to ground or a point of zero radio frequency potential (Fig. 5, point q) or across an impedance (Fig. 6 designated by s) in accordance with the invention. The length of the lowest section may be chosen equal to a quarter wave length. In the figures the ground is represented as metal plate 15.
At the other end a metallic body, for instance, in the form of the metal plate M is provided in accordance with the invention. The apparatus o is thus shielded against the antenna field.
Fig. 6 shows in particular an arrangement, according to the invention, in which two linear antennas are arranged and situated above each other in the same vertical plane. The lower antenna corresponds exactly with the hitherto described arrangement and shows the metallic end plates. The feeding takes place through the high frequency transformer i1. The hollow space It contains a further high frequency energy line n fed at the bottom through the high frequency transformer i2 and terminating at the top into a second linear antenna 10 having any desired shape. In the arrangement, according to the invention, the lower and upper antenna are effectively decoupled. This degree of decoupling can be increased if the upper metal body is given a large surface. According to the invention, by means of such an antenna two waves differing from each other may be sent out or received.
Furthermore, in accordance with the invention, one of the two antennas may radiate, for instance, through transformer i1 into the lower antenna, and reception may be had by means of high frequency transformer is and the upper antenna.
Furthermore, in accordance with the invention, the upper antenna may also enclose an interior space, and may terminate at its upper end into a third antenna. In this case the lowest antenna must enclose two hollow spaces, according to Fig. 3.
We claim:
1. An antenna comprising a plurality of hol low tubular aerial elements arranged end to end substantially in a straight line, a two-conductor transmission line for enabling in-phase excitation of each of said aerial elements, one conductor of said transmission line comprising a hollow tube extending within the hollow spaces of said aerial elements and throughout the length of said antenna, a source of high frequency energy connected to said two-conductor transmis sic-n line, another extending within and throughout the length of said one conductor and insulated therefrom, utilization apparatus at one end of said last line, and a source of energy at the other end of said last line.
2. An antenna comprising several hollow tubular aerial elements arranged end to end substantially in a straight line, a two-conductor transmission line within said elements, each of the conductors of said line connected to alternate elements, one of said conductors comprising a hollow tube and extending throughout the length of said antenna and a transmission line within said tube and insulated therefrom.
3. An antenna comprising several hollow tubular aerial elements arranged end to end substantially in a straight line, a two-conductor transmission line within said elements, each of the conductors of said line connected to alternate elements, one of said conductors comprising a. hollow tube and extending throughout the length of said antenna, a source of high frequency energy connected to said two-conductor transmission line, another line extending with in and throughout the length of said one conductor and insulated therefrom, utilization apparatus at one end of said last line, and a source of energy at the other end of said last line.
4. An antenna comprising several hollow tubular aerial elements arranged end to end substantially in a straight line, a two-conductor transmission line within said elements, each of the conductors of said line connected to alternate elements, one of said conductors comprising a hollow tube and extending throughout the length of said antenna, a source of high frequency energy connected to said two-conductor transmission line, another line extending with in and throughout the length of said one conductor and insulated therefrom, a source of energy at one end of said last line and another antenna at the other end of said last line extending in the same general direction as said first antenna but resonant to a frequency different from said first antenna.
5. An antenna comprising several hollow tubular aerial elements arranged end to end substantially in a straight line, a two conductor transmission line within said elements, each of the conductors of said line connected to alternate elements, each of said conductors comprising a hollow tube extending throughout the length of said antenna, a source of high frequency energy connected to said two conductor transmission line, another transmission line extending within and throughout the length of said hollow tubes and insulated therefrom, utilization apparatus at one end of said last mentioned line and a source of energy at the other end of said last mentioned line.
6. An antenna comprising several hollow tubular aerial elements arranged end to end substantially in a straight line, a two conductor transmission line within said. elements, each of the conductors of said line connected to alternate elements, one of said conductors comprising a hollow tube and extending throughout the length of said antenna, a source of high frequency energy connected to said two conductor transmission line, another line extending within and throughout the length of said one conductor and insulated therefrom, a source of energy at one end of said last line, another antenna at the other end of said last line extending in the same general direction as said first antenna but resonant to a frequency different from said an tenna, and a metallic plate between said antennas, said plate being connected to the uppermost end of said hollow tube.
VVILHELM MOSER. HANS ERICE PAUL.
US129462A 1936-04-28 1937-03-05 Antenna system Expired - Lifetime US2158376A (en)

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2454774A (en) * 1945-08-29 1948-11-30 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Antenna
US2665382A (en) * 1947-10-16 1954-01-05 Smith Three slot cylindrical antenna
US2665381A (en) * 1947-10-16 1954-01-05 Smith Slotted cylindrical antenna
US2688083A (en) * 1950-09-01 1954-08-31 Joseph N Marks Multifrequency antenna
US2848717A (en) * 1954-08-27 1958-08-19 Anthony J Warbeck High frequency type antenna within conductive apertured wall
DE977375C (en) * 1941-10-11 1966-03-24 Siemens Ag Shrinkage-reducing, self-radiating mast antenna
US4937588A (en) * 1986-08-14 1990-06-26 Austin Richard A Array of collinear dipoles
US5140336A (en) * 1990-08-31 1992-08-18 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Non-resonant antenna for wind profilers
US5252984A (en) * 1989-07-05 1993-10-12 Robert Bosch Gmbh Multiband coaxial rod and sleeve antenna
EP1432073A1 (en) * 2002-12-20 2004-06-23 Amphenol Socapex Coaxial collinear antenna

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE977375C (en) * 1941-10-11 1966-03-24 Siemens Ag Shrinkage-reducing, self-radiating mast antenna
US2454774A (en) * 1945-08-29 1948-11-30 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Antenna
US2665382A (en) * 1947-10-16 1954-01-05 Smith Three slot cylindrical antenna
US2665381A (en) * 1947-10-16 1954-01-05 Smith Slotted cylindrical antenna
US2688083A (en) * 1950-09-01 1954-08-31 Joseph N Marks Multifrequency antenna
US2848717A (en) * 1954-08-27 1958-08-19 Anthony J Warbeck High frequency type antenna within conductive apertured wall
US4937588A (en) * 1986-08-14 1990-06-26 Austin Richard A Array of collinear dipoles
US5252984A (en) * 1989-07-05 1993-10-12 Robert Bosch Gmbh Multiband coaxial rod and sleeve antenna
US5140336A (en) * 1990-08-31 1992-08-18 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Non-resonant antenna for wind profilers
EP1432073A1 (en) * 2002-12-20 2004-06-23 Amphenol Socapex Coaxial collinear antenna
FR2849289A1 (en) * 2002-12-20 2004-06-25 Socapex Amphenol COLLINEAR ANTENNA OF THE ALTERNATE COAXIAL TYPE
US6947006B2 (en) 2002-12-20 2005-09-20 Amphenol Socapex Colinear antenna of the alternating coaxial type

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