US2153677A - Chemical heating pad for permanent hair waving - Google Patents

Description

April 11, 1939. F. L. REYNOLDS 2,153,677

CHEMICAL HEATING PAD FOR PERMANENT HAIR WAVING Filed Nov. 24, 1937 FIE-J..-

. INVENTOR. Z4 fieo'er/t L Reyna/d5 v BY @M-Z ATTORNEY.

Patented Apr. 11, 1939 PATENT OFFICE CHEMICAL HEATING PAD FOR PERMANENT HAIR WAVING Frederick L. Reynolds, Mill Valley, Calif., assignor, by mesne assignments, to United States Appliance Corporation, San Francisco, Calif., a corporation of California Application November 24, 1937, Serial No. 176,229

/ 4 Claims.

This invention relates generally to the construction of so-called chemical heating pads, particularly pads suitable for carrying out heating operations in permanent hair waving. Chemical heating pads, such as are suitable for permanent hair waving, make use of an exothermic reaction between certain chemicals, to furnish sufiicient heat for a waving operation. The type of pad employed for this purpose in the past has made use of a metal foil envelope or sachet, containing the necessary chemicals in dry powdered or granular form. In using such a pad the envelope is perforated and the chemicals k moistened with water, immediately before applying the pad about a wound strand of hair. Pads of this kind are subject to several serious disadvantages. They are relatively expensive to manufactur'e, because of the use of metal foil envelopes or sachets containing the powdered chemicals. They are subject to relatively rapid deterioration when exposed to the air, due to more or less absorption of moisture from the atmosphere, with the result that some or all of the chemical action Y takes place before the pads are used. Because of such deterioration it is common to supply pads to the trade in relatively expensive sealed containers. However, even with this practice the pads are subject to deterioration, with the result that the performance obtained is erratic.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a simple chemical heating pad, suitable for permanent hair waving, characterized particularly by the absence of chemicals in powdered or granular form, within a foil envelope. In carrying out the present invention the reaction elements consist of a sheet of reactive metal like aluminum, in conjunction with a solution containing chemicals capable of exothermic reaction with the aluminum. The solution is carried by a sheet of absorbent material, to which it can be applied immediately before a waving operation.

A further objectof the invention is to provide a chemical heating pad suitable for permanent hair waving, which will not deteriorate in any way when stored over long periods of time, even though exposed to the atmosphere. 7 Further objects of the invention will appear from the following description in which the pre- F ferred embodiment of the invention has been set forth in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawing.

Referring to the drawing: Fig. 1 is a perspective view, illustrating a pad 55 incorporating the present invention, and showing the manner in which chemical solution is applied to the same.

Fig. 2 is a perspective view, illustrating the manner in which the pad can be folded after application of chemical solution. 5

Figs. 3 and 4 are plan views illustrating how the marginal edges of the outer wrapper can be folded over to form a packet, shown in complete form in Fig. 4.

Fig. 5 is a greatly enlarged cross-sectional de- 10 tall, illustrating the manner in which the aluminum foil and associated sheets of absorbent asbestos, are perforated.

Fig. 6 is an enlarged cross-sectional detail taken along the line 6-6 of Fig. 1, and showing a 15 simple form of attachment to the outer foil covering, and a stitching which can be used for retaining the sheets of asbestos material assembled with respect to the aluminum foil.

Fig, 7 is an end elevational view partly in cross- 2d section showing the pad as applied to a hair curler and held in place by a suitable clamp.

Referring to the embodiment of the invention illustrated in the drawing, I have shown a pad consisting of an inner assembly l0, together with 25 an outer covering H. The assembly Ill consists of a sheet I2 of aluminum foil, between twosheets l3 of absorbent material. The sheets l3 are of non-inflammable material, such as an absorbent asbestos paper. The thickness of the aluminum to foil 12 may" vary-depending upon different requirements or conditions, but in practice I have used a gauge of about .0015 inch, with good results. The surfaces of the aluminum foil can be cleaned, as by means of a suitable cleansing 35 reagent. While sheets l3 may vary in weight, six pound asbestos paper will give good results.

The assembly I0 is retained together by suitable means, such as two rows of stitching [4, extending along the side margins. After forming this assembly it is passed through a suitable perforating appliance, whereby the perforations iii are formed over the entire area of the assembly. It will be noted from enlarged Fig. 5 that the perforations l6 extend through the entire assembly, so that in effect the openings in the individual sheets of asbestos and aluminum foil, are in registry. Also it is preferable to form these perforations by piercing needles, so that there is no punching out of material, such as would decrease the effective reactive surface and mass of the aluminum foil.

The covering H can consist of a sheet of aluminum or tin foil l I, provided with an inner liner 18 of suitable material such as waxed or parchas ment paper. Such a liner affords a chemically inert membrane, to prevent reaction between the chemical solution and the foil covering ii. The

inner assembly III can be secured to the covering 7 II by suitable means, such as the wire attaching elements II. In a pad of the type illustrated it is desirabie that this attachment be made near one end of the assembly 10, and near one marginal edgeofthecoveringil. 7

In makinguse of the pad described above a suitable chemical solution must be provided, to saturate the asbestos sheet II. Solutions which I can employ contain chemicals such as a salt of a heavy metal, like copper sulphate, capable of exothermic reaction with aluminum, together with an oxidizing reagent like sodium chlorate, to prevent polarization, and a salt like aluminum sulphate tending to speed up commencement of the steaming period. An example of a chemical solution which can be employed with good resuits, is as follows:--

Hydrated copper sulphate "grams" Sodium chlorate do 15 Hydrated aluminum sulphate do A A Ammonium chloride do Sumcient water to make cc. of solution. a

The ammonium chloride initially activates the reaction and depresses the pH valueof the solution. As the reaction of the solution on the aluminum proceeds, and the solution is heated to an elevated temperature, some decomposition of the ammonium chloride occurs with the result that the pH value of the solution is raised, to temper the reaction and extend the heating period.

Various expedients can be utilized to saturate the asbestos sheets I! with the chemical solution. It is desirable for the operator to have a small measuring device by means of which definite amounts of solution can be applied, such as a measuring' -dropper 22. Assuming that such a dropper or' applicator is used, it is filled with a definite amount of solution, and then the solution solution penetrates through the perforations to saturate both the asbestossheets.

The pad illustrated is intended for Croquignole permanent hair waving, and it is of such a length a that it can befolded. as illustrated in 1 1g. 2, before being applied over a conventional Croquignole curler. 'Ihus after the a sheets have been properly saturated or impregnated with the solution, the entire pad is folded over as shown in a Fig. 2, and thereafter the marginal edges of the covering. II which extend out beyond the edges of the folded assembly III, are folded over as a safety precaution against leakage of solution. Thus as indicated in Fig. 3, after folding over as Q indicated in Fig. 2, marginal edges I is are folded over, followed by a folding over of the marginal edges I I b, as shown in Fig. 4. Obviously theprecise manner or sequence in which these marginal a edges are folded over is of no material consequence. The complete folded packet as shown in Fig. 4 (designated generally by number I III) is now applied over a strand of wound hair, as for example in the manner illustrated in Fig. 7. In

this instance a strand of hair is shown wound .70 about the Croquignole curler II, carried by the q gnole protector 24. The folded packet ii 0 is retained about the wound strand by suitable means such as the spring clip 26.

It is to be understood that in using the chemi- 76 cal pad described above, the wound hair is moisis applied to one side of the assembly lb. The

tened with aqueous waving solution, in the same manner as now practiced in conventional permanent hair waving. It is also to be understood that the dimensions of the pad can be varied to suit different requirements, as for example to I enable application of the pad to a strand of hair wound about an extended rod spiral fashion, as is well known by those skilled in the art.

Shortly after applying the chemical solution to the-sheets of the exothermic reaction commences, and by the time the folded packet has been applied about the wound hair, heat is being developed to transfer heat to the wound hair.

The temperature of the hair is rapidly elevated to steaming temperature, and the steaming period is extended over a sufficient period of time to lend permanency to the wave. During this heating period the aluminum foil is substantially entirely consumed by the chemical reaction.-

Referenoe has been made to the use of noninilammable material to retain the chemical solution. Also it has been pointed out that the solution makes use of an active oxidizing agent, like sodium chlorate. At the end of the waving operation at least a part of this oxidizing agent is still present." If the sheets I were made of ordinary absorbent paper, or like material, impregnation of the cellulose fiber with the oxidizing agent would produce a highly inflammable article, and thus create a fire hazard. Such a fire hazard is entirely avoided by the use of an inert non-inflammable flber like asbestos, thus making it possible for the operator to discard the pads after they have been used, without particular care as to the manner of their disposal.

The perforations which are provided for the inner assembly it, perform several desirable functions. Perforating the asbestos sheets II, facilitates saturation of these sheets with the chemical solution. Perforating the aluminum sheet l'l augments the edge area of the aluminum foil which is exposed to the chemical solution. I found that such an increase in the edge area facilitates carrying out the desired exothermic reaction. Also because of the small size of the perforations in the aluminum foil l2,these perforations tend to trap drops of solution, thus assisting retention of solution within the assembly II, and in addition they make it possible to saturate both sides of the assembly with application of solution to only one side. Carrying out the perforating operation in the manner previously described, also tends to cause sheets II to adhere upon opposite sides of the aluminum foil, so that the side surfaces of the aluminum foil are retained; in physical contact with the asbestos sheets.

i It will be evident that my pad obviates the disadvantages previously outlined, with respect to pads making use of a foil envelope containing powdered or granulated chemicals. There can be no deterioration upon exposure to the atmosphere, because the chemical solution can be kept in well stoppered bottles, out of contact with the air at all times. Manufacture is a comparatively simple operation, which does not involve the handling of powdered material, and does not involve the making of an air-tight foil envelope.

The subject matter disclosed but not claimed herein is disclosed and claimed in my co-pending application Serial No. 239,482, flied Nov. 8, 1938.

I claim:

1. In a chemical heating pad for permanent hair waving, a -sheet of aluminum foil, and a flexible sheet of absorbent material in contact with one side of the aluminum foil, the sheet of aluminum foil being perforated and the sheet of absorbent material being capable of retaining a chemical solution of exothermic reaction with the metallic foil.

2. In a chemical heating pad for permanent hair waving, a sheet of aluminum foil, and a flexible sheet of absorbent material in juxtasition with one side of the aluminum foil, said sheet of absorbent material being adapted to retain a chemical solution for exothermic reaction with the aluminum foil, both said sheets being perforated to augment action of the solution upon the aluminum foil and to facilitate impregnation of the sheet of absorbent material with said chemical solution.

3. In a chemical heating pad for permanent hair waving, a sheet of aluminum foil, and a flexible sheet of absorbent material in juxtaposition with one sided the aluminum foil, both said sheets having registering perforations, said sheet of absorbent material being adapted to retain a chemical solution for exothermic reaction with the aluminum foil.

4. In a chemical heating pad for permanent hair waving, a sheet of reactive metallic foil, and flexible sheets of absorbent material disposed upon opposite sides of the metallic foil and in juxtaposition with the same, both said sheets and the metallic foil having registering perforations, said sheets of absorbent material being adapted to be saturated with a ch nical solution for exothermic reaction with the metallic foil.

FREDERICK L. REYNOLDS.

DISCLAIMER 677.F d 'kL.R nolls, Mill Valle, 2,153 N 6M0 6y Patent? dated April 11, 1939. Disclaimer filed United States Appliance Corporation.

PERMANENT HAIR WAVINf July 17, 19 %2, by the ass1gnee,

Calif. CHEMICAL HEATING PAD FOR Hereby enters this disclaimer of claim 1 in said specification.

[Ofiicial GazettaAagast 25, 1942.] I

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