US2151320A - Garbage incinerator - Google Patents

Description

March 21, 1939. N. FORNI GARBAGE INCINERATOR Filed Dec. l2, 1936 2 Sheets-Sheet l V INVENTOR, 9 ZQTLE FOR/vf B zum Mmm fu/ ATTORNEY.

March 21, 1939.

N. FORNI GARBAGE INCINERATOR 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Deo. 12, 1956 1NVENTOR. BY M23/LE FORNI 1 M11, www ATTORNEY.

l n lm Patented Mar. 21V, 1.9.39

UNITED STATES GARBAGE INCINERATOR Natale Forni,

Oakland, Calif.

Application December 12, 1936, Serial No. 115,574

8 Claims.

My invention relates to improvements in garbage incinerators, and it consists of the combinations, constructions and arrangements hereinafter described and claimed.

An object of my invention is to provide a garbage incinerator which makes use of cylinders that are rotated and are provided with inwardly extending vanes that will repeatedly lift the garbage and drop it during its passage through the cylinders. This causes the bundles of garbage to break up and also the garbage is aerated so that it will be quickly dried and nally burned. The cylinders preferably are inclined at a slight angle from the horizontal so that the garbage will gradually feed from the entrance end to the exit end i of the device.

In the present form of the invention I show two cylinders, one being used to dry the garbage and break it up into small particles, while the other is used for burning the garbage. At the exit end of the garbage burning cylinder I dispose a burner which may either use oil, gas or the like, and this burner directs a flame into the exit end of the cylinder of sufficient heat to burn the garbage in the cylinder. I have found from actual practice that the heat in this cylinder reaches 1800 F. and is suflicient to completely consume the garbage, paper and the like, and to melt the tin from tin cans. This will leave only the cans with the coating ci tin removed to issue from the exit end of the cylinder and the ashes remaining from the burned garbage. The burner preferably is carried by a movable gate that controls the amount of air entering the cylinder at the exit end, and in this way the temperature within the cylinder may be controlled.

I provide the cylinders with longitudinal air passages about their peripheries and cold air enters the garbage burning cylinder air passages, 40 and prevents the cylinder from becoming overheated to an extent where the metal will expand.

This air is heated before passing into the air passages in the garbage drying cylinders, and therefore this heated air will aid in raising the temperatures in the drying cylinders to a point sufficient to thoroughly dry wet garbage before it enters the burning cylinder. In this way complete combustion of the garbage in the burning cylinder is assumed. I provide novel means for controlling the flow of air through the longitudinal air passages in both cylinders.

yThe cylinders act as air conduits and the heated air therefore will flow from the garbage burning cylinder into the garbage dryingcylinder for the purpose of drying the garbage in the latter l il cylinder. The air in the drying cylinder will drop to approximately 900 F. The air when leaving the drying cylinder enters a smoke stack and is passed through a film of water that will remove dust particles from the smoke, and also will remove the stench.

A portion of the garbage burning cylinder disposed adjacent to the exit end is provided with a layer of fire brick due to the intense heat created in this portion. The remaining portion of this cylinder, and all of the drying cylinder preferably are made of metal. It is necessary to renew the fire brick from time to time, and I provide novel means for freeing that portion of the garbage burning cylinder from the remaining portion and for moving it laterally into a position where ready access may be had for the purpose of renewing the fire brick. After the re brick has been renewed, this cylinder portion may be moved back into place, and quickly connected to the remaining part of the garbage burning cylinder.

Other objects and advantages will appear in the following specification, and. the novel features of the device will be particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

My invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings forming a part of this application, in which Figure 1 is a longitudinal section through the device;

Figure 2 is a section along the line 2-2 of Figure 1; i

Figure 3 is a section along the line 3-3 of Figure 1; and

Figure 4 is a sectionalong the line 4-4 of Figure 1.

In carrying out my invention I provide a garbage drying cylinder indicated at A and a garbage burning cylinder consisting of two sections indicated at B and C. The section A has a cylindrical metal outer shell I, and a metal inner shell 2 spaced from the outer shell by spacing members 3, see Figure 2, that extend longitudinally throughout the entire length of the cylinder. The inner shell 2 carries inwardly extending vanes or blades 4 and these extend throughout the entire length of the cylinder, and are for the purpose of repeatedly lifting the garbage and dropping it during the passage of the garbage from the garbage inlet end 5 of the cylinder A to the garbage outlet end 6 of the same cylinder.

The cylinder A is slightly inclined from the horizontal as shown in Figure 1 at a pitch that will cause the garbage to advance approximately one foot in the cylinder for each minute of time. The cylinder preferably is rotated at about four revolutions a minute. The vanes will repeatedly lift and drop the garbage and this will cause all of the particles of garbage to separate from `each other, and to be thoroughly aerated thereby :accelerating the drying of the garbage.

The cylinder A may be rotatably supported by any desir-ed means, and I have shown concrete pedestals 1 and 8 in Figure 1 for supporting the cylinder adjacent to each end. Each pedestal carries a frame 9, see Figure 2, which in turn supports rollers I that engage with circular rails I I and I2 that enclose the shell I. Figure 2 shows the rail I2 resting on the rollers I0.

Any means for rotating the cylinder A may be used and in Figure 2 I show a ring g-ear I3 encircling the shell I and meshing with a pinion I4. They pinion in turn is mounted on the same shaft I5 as a beveled gear I6 and the gear I6 meshes with a beveled gear I1 that is mounted directly on a motor shaft I8. An electric motor I9, or other suitable power source is carri-ed by the pedestal 8 and rotates the cylinder A at the desired speed.

The cylinder A has its end 5 entering an openingV 29 in a chimney 2 I, and has its end 6 entering an opening 22 in a closed chute 23. The upper end of the chute 23 is circular, and encloses the end 6. This same end of the chute is flanged as at 24, and is supported by a concrete structure 25. The cylinder A carries flanges 26 and 21 that enter grooves 28 and 29 in the chimney 2I and the structure 25. This arrangement prevents the smoke from escaping into the atmosphere prior to its being delivered into the chimney.

As already stated the garbage cylinder is composed of two sections B and C. These sections have their abutting anged ends removably secured together by bolts 30. The bolts 36 are pivoted at 3l to the flange 32 carried by the section B, and are received in slots 33 formed in the flange 34 secured to the section C. In this simple way the two sections B and C may be connected together or disconnected from each other.

The sections B and C when connected together constitute a single cylinder. The section B is similar to the section A in construction, and therefore corresponding reference numerals will be given. The section C has an inner layer of fire brick 35 spaced from the outer shell 36 and supported in position by longitudinal channels 31. (Note the channels in the broken line position of the section C shown in Figure 3.) The channels 31 divide the air space between the re brick 35 and the shell 36 into longitudinal air passages. These passages conv-ey the air into the space between the shells I and 2 of the section B. It will be noted from Figure l that the inner shell 2 has its inner surface aligned ,with the inner surface of the layer of fire brick 35. The section B carries six inwardly extending vanes 4, see Figure 2, while the section C has certain of its rire bricks extending inwardly to form two rows of lifters 38, see Figure 3. The lifters 38 are fewer in number than the vanes or lifters 4 because it is desirous to slowly tumble the material in the section C while it is being burned.

The section B has two circular rails 39 and 49 that ride on rollers 4I and these rollers are similar to the rollers IU, and are mounted in frames 43 and 44 that are similar to the frames 9.

The frames 43 and 44 are supported by a concrete base 45 and the lower portion of the pedestal 8. The section C is likewise provided with two circular rails 46 and 41, and these ride on rollers 48 and 49 corresponding to the rollers I9. The

rollers 48 and 49 are carried by trucks 56 and 5IV and the wheels 52 and 53 of the trucks ride on rails 54 and 55 respectively. Figure 3 sho-ws .the rails 54 and illustrates how the trucks 50 and 5I can move the section C laterally into the broken line position shown after the section has been disconnected from the section B by freeing the bolts 3D from the ilange 34. The section C when moved laterally is in a position where the lining of re brick 35 can be renewed. It should be noted that the frames 9, 43, 44, 50, and 5I carry rollers 56 that contact with opposite sides of the circular rails I I, I2, 39, 40, 46 and 41 respectively, for hold' ing the cylinders A, B and C against longitudinal movement.

The section B carries a flange 51 that is rotatably received in an annular groove 58 formed in an opening 59 in the concrete structure 25. This arrangement prevents smoke from leaking past the opening 59 and gaining access to the atmosphere.

The means for burning the garbage comprises a movable shield indicated generally at D. This shield has a metal back 60 provided with a U-shaped ilange 6I that is designed to partially telescope over the exit end of the section C,y see Figure l. The shield D is mounted on rollers 62 that in turn ride on tracks 63. A wall formed from fire clay bricks 64 is disposed adjacent to the back 60 and is supported by an angle iron 65. The back 60 terminates a predetermined distance above the rails 63, and thus provides an opening 66 for the passage of air. An opening 61 is provided in the shield for receiving a burner 68. A valve 69 controls the flow of gas or oil to the burner, and in this way the yllame issuing from the burner can be controlled, and the heat within the section C be kept at a desired temperature. The shield D may be moved toward and away from the section C for controlling the flow of air into the section, and this provides an additional means for maintaining the temperature within the section at the proper point.

In addition to controlling the ow of air into the burner section C by means of the shield D, I provide a damper controlfor the longitudinal air passages E and F in the sections B and C respectively and for the longitudinal air passages G in the section A. A cover 18 is mounted on the end 5 of the section A and has a central opening of a diameter equal to the dia-meter of the inner shell 2 of the section.

The cover 10 is shown in Figure 3 and it has arcuate-shaped slots 1I therein designed to register with arcuate-shaped slots 12 in a rim portion 13 that closes the passageways G. Figure 3 shows.

the slots 1I and 12 so arranged that the cover the slots 12 or may be rotated into a position to uncover a portion or all of the slots 12. In this way the draft through the space G can be regulated. Any means may be resorted to for controlling the flow of draft through the space G, and I have shown a ring gear 14 mounted on the cover 10 and meshing with a pinion 15 carried by a shaft 16. The shaft extends through the chimney wall and carries a brake drum 11 at its outer end. A brake lever 18 carries a brake shoe 19 that may be swung into frictional engagement with the brake drum for stopping rotation of the drum. When the brake lever 18 is released, a spring 86 returns it to normal position.

It will be seen that a rotation 0f the drum or cylinder A will carry the cover 10 around therewith,

and this will rotate the ring gear 14, pinion 15, and brake drum 11. If now it is desired to rotate the cover 1U with respect to the cylinder A, the lever 18 is moved and the brake shoe 'l5 will stop rotation of the brake drum 11, and this through the pinion 'l5 and the ring gear 'I4 will retard the rotation of the cover 10, thus moving the openings 1| into or out of registration with the openings '|2. In this simple way the ow of air through the space G is controlled.

A similar arrangement for draft control is provided for the end of the section B. Corresponding parts will be given similar numerals, and since the draft control for the section B is identical to that of section A, a further description need not be given. The air flowing through the passages F and E in the sections C and B will enter air passages 8| surrounding an enclosed garbage chute 82. Reference to Figures l and 4 shows the air passages 8| surrounding the lower portion 82 of the chute 23 and communicating with the interior of the chute at a point adjacent to the extended axis of the cylinder A. The air therefore owing through the passages F and E will nd its way into the passages 8|, and then will now into the interior of the chute top 23, and from there will find its way into the passages G- of the cylinder A. It will be noted that the air entering the passages F will be cold, and therefore will prevent the outer shell of the section C from buckling due to the excessive heat maintained within the fire brick shell 35. This air in iiowing through the passage F will be heated gradually by the time it reaches the passages G, and will be hot enough to warm the inner shell 2 of the cylinder or drum A, and therefore aid in raising the temperature of the cylinder to a point where the garbage ilowing therethrough will be dried quickly. The cover dampers 'l0 for the sections A and B control the flow of air through the cylinders and passages, and thus control the heat maintained inthe cylinder A. It is possible with this construction to handle wet garbage or dry garbage, and to thoroughly dry the wet garbage before it reaches the section B.

The enclosed garbage chute 23 has an entrance end 83 for receiving the garbage from the exit end of the drum A. The lower end 82 of the enclosed chute 23 feeds the dried garbage into the section B. Most of the garbage in moving from the Section A into the section B drops from the upper to the lower section, and this aids in separating the particles of garbage and in aerating the mass. I have found that this dropping of the garbage in the enclosed chute 23 will aid in the thorough drying and aerating of the garbage, and also will prevent the fire in the section C from burning the garb-age so rapidly as to eventually reach the drier garbage ready to be ejected from the end 6 of the cylinder A. In other words, the provision of two cylinders separated from each other, one for drying the garbage and the other for burnn ing the garbage will prevent any re from entering the cylinder A and burning the garbage therein.

As an additional draft regulating means, I provide a double door 84 in the garbage chute 23, and this double door may be opened by turning a hand wheel 85 which in turn will raise a rod 86 and through a link 81 will open the doors. Any other means for opening the doors may be used. The doors when opened permit cold air to enter the chute 23 at a point above the garbage level, and this cold air will pass directly into the drum A for lowering the temperature within the drum.

The sections C and B are rotated by a means similar to that for rotating the section A. The rotating means is shown in Figure 2, and corresponding numbers will be given to similar parts.

From the foregoing description of the various parts of the device, the operation thereof may be readily understood.

The garbage is fed into the end 5 of the cylinder A in any desired manner. I have shown a conveyor 88, see Figure l, for carrying the garbage to a chute 89, that in turn delivers the garbage to the drum A. The name issuing from the burner 58 will pass through the sections C, B and A and will heat the air, which in turn will dry the garbage in the cylinder A. The vanes lift and drop the garbage a great many times during the passage of the garbage from the end 5 to the end 6 of the section A. This dropping will break open any bundles of garbage, and will even remove the leaves from onions, cabbages, and the like. Without this tumbling and breaking act, I have found that onions, cabbages, and even watermelons, will not be burned completely. The tumbling and the dropping of the garbage removes the leaves from the vegetables one by one, and also breaks up large fruits, as watermelon, into small enough particles where a complete drying will take place before the garbage reaches the end 6.

The garbage drops from the end 6 into the chute 23, and then is conveyed into the section B where the tumbling is repeated again. The temperature is considerably higher in the section B, and by the time the garbage reaches the section C it is completely dried and ready for burning. The flame from the burner 68 will ignite the dried material, and I have found that the temperature can be maintained at such a point to melt the tin from tin cans. 'I'he only residue issuing from the section C will be pieces of metal and ashes. This is dropped onto a conveyor 9S and carried away.

I have explained the progress of the garbage from the entrance end of the device to the exit end, and I will now describe briey the passage of air through the device in a counter-direction. The arrows b show the path of air taken through the central portions of the sections C, B and A, while the arrows a show the passage ,fof air through the passages F, E and G, in Ithe sections C, B and A respectively. Since the air is cold in the passages F it will prevent the buckling of metal shell I. The air is warmer as it passes through the passages E, and aids in keeping the temperature in the section B at a point to completely dry all of the garbage. The air is hot when it iiows through the passages G in the section A, and this will warm the section A. The air flowing through the central portions of the sections C, B and A, as shown by the arrows b, will be heated to a very high degree in the section C, and this heated air will flow through the sections B and A for the purpose of drying the garbage. It is possible after the device is operating to considerably reduce the flame issuing from the burners 68 because the drying garbage will provide its own fuel.

In Figure 3 I show a smoke cleaning mechanism. The smoke and heated air issuing from the end. 5 and passing into the chimney 2| carries dust particles therewith and odors. I have found that when this smoke is passed through a water curtain, the dust particles are removed, and also the smoke is freed from its odors. In Figure 3 I show the chimney 2| separated from a compartment 9| by an opening 92. This will cause all of the smoke to pass through the opening before entering the chamber 9|, after which the smoke can pass out through a smoke stack 93. A water pipe 94 extends across the top of the opening 92, and this pipe is perforated for directing a plurality of streams of water, indicated at 95, downwardly so that -the entire opening 92 is covered by a water curtain. This water flows into a tank 96 and a pump 91 removes the Ywater from the tank and again delivers it to the pipe 94 by means of a pipe 98. As already Stated, the water will remove dust from the smoke, and also will free the smoke of odors.

By the use of the shield damper D, the dampers 'lll and the doors 84, the flow of air through the cylinders can be controlled to keep the temperature at the desired point. The device is so arranged that a single. operator can take control and arrange the damper openings so that cornplete combustion and burning of the garbage will take place in the section C.

When removing the section C for relining, the damper D is first moved on the rails 63 so as to free the section C. The section C then is disconnected from the section B and moved laterally in the manner already described, The position of the damper D can accelerate or slow up the burning of the garbage in the section C. I have found that garbage Will not burn unless it is lifted and dropped, and this is one of the principal features of the invention. This will break the garbage up and permit it to dry, and then the garbage itself can act as a fuel.

It is possible to dispense with the hooded chute 23 and mount an inclined chute not shown in the structure 25. It also is possible to provide one long cylinder or drum in place of the two cylinders B and A, but I have found that use of one long cylinder will more quickly burn out because the fire will burn the garbage on into the drying portion of the cylinder. By breaking the cylinder into two parts I prevent the fire from getting into the drying section.

I claim:

1. In a garbage incinerator, a cylinder having a garbage drying section and a garbage burning section, said sections being removably secured together, separate means for rotatably supporting each section, the means supporting the burning section being movable for moving this section laterally away from the other section after being disconnected therefrom, whereby the burning section may be readily repaired.

2. In a garbage incinerator, a garbage drying cylinder, a garbage burning cylinder for receiving garbage from the drying cylinder, a closed chute connecting the exit end of the drying cylinder with the entrance end of the burning cylinder, said cylinders carrying air passages, said chute having air passages receiving air from the p-assages in the burning cylinder, and delivering the air into the interior of the chute, the passages in the drying cylinder communicating with the chute interior.

3. In a garbage incinerator, a garbage drying cylinder, a garbage burning cylinder for receiving garbage from the drying cylinder, a closed chute connecting the exit end of the drying cylinder with the entrance end of the burning cylinder,

said cylinders carrying air passages, said chute having air passages receiving air from the passages in the burning cylinder, and delivering the air into the interiorY of the chute, the passages in the drying cylinder communicating with the chute interior, and a damper for the chute for admitting atmospheric air directly into the chute and drying cylinder.

4. In a garbage incinerator, a garbage drying cylinder, a garbage burning cylinder removably secured thereto, a damper for controlling the flow of air into the burning cylinder and comprising a housing-like member movable into a position to partially telescope the exit end of the burning cylinder, means for rotatably supporting the burning cylinder, said means being designed to move the burning cylinder laterally for repair when it is disconnected from the drying cylinder and the damper is moved free of the exit end.

5. In combination, a garbage drying cylinder having longitudinal air passages, a garbage burning cylinder having longitudinal air passages, a closed chute placing the exit end of the drying cylinder in communication with the entrance end of the burning cylinder and also acting as a conduit for air flowing from the burning cylinder passages to the drying cylinder passages, a

damper for controlling the air entering the exit Y '7. In a garbage incinerator, a double shelled metal cylinder having inwardly extending vanes carried by the. inner shell, a garbage burning cylinder removably secured to the first cylinder and designed to receive garbage therefrom, said burning cylinder having an inner shell of fire brick aligned with the inner shell of the rst cylinder, said fire brick shell having inwardly extending vanes of fire-proof material, and means for directing a llame into the burning cylinder for burning the dry garbage therein and for drying the garbage in the first cylinder.

8. 'A garbage incinerator comprising a` garbage drying and burning cylinder rotatably mounted on an inclined axis and having an entrance opening large enough to receive garbage, tin cans, etc., means for rotating the cylinder for tumbling the garbage as it moves through the cylinder, whereby the garbage is broken up and aerated, means for directing a flame into the exit end of the cylinder for drying the garbage as it moves through the cylinder and for finally burning it f

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