US2024652A - Incinerator - Google Patents

Description

flee 17, 1935. A. F. MARTEL. fiz fi A INCINERATOR Filed Dec. 13, 1933 5 Sheets-Sheet l FEGQI.

INVENTOR:

ADELARD F. MART-EL.

ATTORNEY A, F. MARTEL 2,624,652

INCINERATOR Filed Dec. 13, 1933 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR: ADE LARD F. MARTEL ATTORNEY.

Q86. 1?, 1 935. A, F MARTEL Z24552 INCINERATOR Filed Dec. 13, 1953 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 FIGB.

INVENTOR: ADE LARD F. MARTEL.

ATTORNEY.

Patented Dec. 17, 1935 UNITED STATES PATENT QFFICE one-half to George W. Gates,

Calif.

Burlingame,

Application December 13, 1933, Serial No. 702,139

1 Claim.

This invention relates to improvements in incinerators and more particularly to the method. and apparatus for garbage disposal by burning.

Among the objects of the invention is the complete reduction to ashes of garbage having a high moisture content.

Another object is to consume the smoke and noxious gases produced by incineration.

Another object is to utilize the waste heat incidental to the process for generating steam.

Another object is to apply the necessary heat for desiccating and igniting the garbage with the minimum wear and tear on the apparatus.

Another object is to progressively incinerate a relatively thin layer of garbage.

A further object is to minimize the labor required to operate the incinerator.

Other objects and advantages appear as the description progresses.

In this specification and the accompanying drawings, the invention is disclosed in its preferred form. It is, however, to be understood that the invention is not limited to this form T because it may be embodied in other forms without departing from the spirit of the invention as defined in the claim following the description.

In the accompanying three sheets of drawings:

Figs. 1 and 2, to be read in conjunction with each other, illustrate a vertical section of a garbage incinerator constructed in accordance with the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a transverse vertical section of the same taken on the line III-III in Fig. 2.

In detail, the construction illustrated in the drawings comprises the foundation 5 having pillars such as 2, 3, 4, and 5 mounted thereon and suitably cross braced. The rails 6l5 (see also Fig. 3) are fixed on ties such as l which extend transversely between the several pillars and are secured thereto by the bracketsB.

The carriage A has the flanged wheels 9-9, 10, II, and 12 which engage the rails 6-6. The carriage consists of the longitudinal sills |3-|3 and l4-l4 joined together by the uprights l5l5 and otherwise rendered rigid by bracing as at it and H. The rails fi extend longitudinally at it to permit the carriage A to be withdrawn from its operative position in the incinerator.

A pair of interspaced sprockets 19-49 and 20-40 are fixed on each of the shafts 2i and 22 suitably mounted at the ends of the movable carriage A. The endless travelling grate B consists of a series of channel members 23 hinged together at it. The flanged rollers 25-25 are mounted on opposite sides of the grate on the pintles of the hinges 2t. 5

The grate B encircles the sprockets 3-49 and 2l]23, the rollers 25-25 engaging in openings provided therefor in the sprockets. The rails 26-2t and 2l-2l are fixed on the brackets 28 extending from the sills l3 and M. The 10 rollers 25-25 rest on these rails 26 and 21 to support the travelling grate intermediate the sprockets i9 and 28.

The operators. platform 29 is mounted on an extension or the frame of the movable carriage 15 A. The plate Ell shields the sprockets 19-49 and the grate B thereon at this platform. The motor M is mounted on the platform 29 and actuates the travelling grate B through the pulley and belt drive 32, 33, and 3%. The speed of 20 the travelling grate can be regulated to meet the varying conditions or" the incoming material to be incinerated by the conventional controller rheostat 35 which controls the current supplied to the motor ill. 25

The garbage is dumped into the incinerator through the vertical chute 355 which discharges on the end of the travelling grate B. The dump truck 31 on the rails 38 conveys the material to the upper end of the chute 36. The inclined 3O baiiles 5%, it, and ii are provided in the chute 36 to break up, and spread the descending material.

The gate 32 is pivoted at '33 at the lowerend of the chute. The cable id, wound on the manually operated spool Q5, is arranged to open or close the gate G2 to regulate the rate of feed onto the grate B. The pivoted gate it prevents backward flow of the incoming material over the end of the grate B.

The specific form of feeding means shown and described is merely incidental to the successful operation of the present invention.

The entrance to the furnace chamber is closed by the fire brick lined door ll which is pivoted at 58 and counterweighted at 2%. The door 41 5 impinges on the top of the incoming garbage and further serves to level the material to a substantially uniform thickness on the grate B. The flue 59 is arranged to carry off the products of combustion should any inflammable material in the garbage become ignited before it arrives in the furnace chamber.

The furnace chamber consists of the vertical fire brick walls 5% and 52 which extend along side the upper portion of the travelling grate B 55 and are supported on the pillars 3, 4, and by the brackets 53. The fire brick arch 54 extends between the walls 5i and 52 over the grate B to form the top of the front portion of the furnace 5 chamber.

The tubular boiler 55 is mounted above the rear portion of the furnace chamber and has the arms and 57 which are supported on the beams 58 and 59 connecting the pillars 4 and 5.

1o The boiler is enclosed by the brick dome 60 which extends upward from the Walls 5| and 52. The rear wall 6i of the furnace chamber is spaced from the end of the boiler 55 to form the combustion chamber 52. The fan blower 63 is arranged to direct a draft of atmospheric air into the chamber 62 as required.

The conventional oil or gas burners 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, and 65 are mounted at intervals in the wall 52 and have nozzles discharging transversely into the interior of the furnace chamber. The observation window 16 provided in the rear wall (ii of the furnace chamber permits inspection of the burners during their operation.

The smoke stack it rises from the end of the boiler 55 and is provided with the smoke filter screen H at its top. The door 72 at the base of the smoke stack H permits access to the horizontal fire tubes of the boiler. The baille plates 13 are provided in the stack H to impede the progress of the draft therethrough for purposes later described. The draft can be varied to meet conditions by the damper 14 pivoted in the upper portion of the stack H.

The sprockets 2626 are enclosed by the plate 15 extending down into the chute 16 discharging into the ash car 1'! on the rails 18. The hopper 79 is rotatably mounted in the chute 16 on the shaft 80. The radial partitions 8| divide the hopper 19 into a series of compartments and serve to close the chute 16. The weight of the ashes discharged from the traveling grate B onto one of the partitions 8| rotates the hopper and dumps the accumulated ashes into the car 11. The operation of the hopper 19 serves to properly distribute the ashes in the car.

The frictional brake 62 is provided on one side of the hopper is and is operated by the cable 83, the other end of which is connected to the control lever 85 (see Fig. 1) within reach of the .34) operator on the platform 29. The application of the brake 82 prevents the ashes from passing through the hopper '19, thus permitting the car 11 to be substituted Without suspending the operation of the incinerator.

The invention operates substantially as follows: The garbage to be disposed of conveyed by the truck 3'! is dumped into the chute 36. The baffle plates 39, 46 and 4! in the chute break the fall of the descending garbage and distribute it laterally in the chute. The garbage drops from the lower end of the chute onto the traveling grate B which is continuously driven by the motor 3|.

The lateral distribution of the garbage by the baffles 36, .6, and 4! insures the garbage being uniformly deposited the full width of the grate B (see dotted line, Fig. 3). This prevents exposure of the metal grate to the flames within the furnace chamber and materially lengthens 70 its life.

The thickness of the layer of garbage deposited on the grate B is regulated by the gate 42 which is manually controlled by the cable 44. The operator constantly observes at the opening 36' the 7 5 nature of the garbage passing through the chute 36 and regulates its flow onto the grate B in ac cordance with the moisture content thereof. Relatively wet garbage will be deposited on the grate B in a thinner layer than drier material. The rheostat 35 can be also operated to decel- 5 erate the motor 3| to retard the speed of the grate B for prolonged runs of wet material. The truck 31 is frequently loaded and dumped to maintain a continuous flow of material through the chute 36. 10

The garbage on the grate B travels in the direction indicated by the arrow in Fig. 1. Fumes and smoke resulting from pro-ignition are carried ofi by the flue 50. The garbage passes under the door 41 into the furnace chamber. 15 The door spreads the garbage in a substantially uniform layer on the grate B.

The present process consists in moving the layer of garbage into areas of progressively increasing temperatures until incineration takes place 20 and the material is finally reduced to ashes.

The first three burners 64, 65, and 66 create a temperature of about 1500 F. beneath the arch 54. The garbage as it slowly passes therebeneath is gradually heated and its moisture driven 25, off until it becomes thoroughly desiccatedl. Even highly aqueous material, such as watermelon, etc., are completely desiccated when spread in a thin layer on the grate B and subjected to the heat of the burners 64, 65, and 66. 30;

The desiccated garbage then. passes under the final burners 67, 68, and 69 andis heateduntil the ignition temperatures of the various substances therein are reached. The burners maintain the material at burning temperatures until 35.

it is completely reduced to fine ash.

When the grate 3 passes around the sprockets 26-20 the ash thereon drops into the rotatable hopper 19 in the chute 16. Accumulations of ash in the hopper are dumped into the. car; 11. 402.

The ash resulting from the present process is completely innocuous, odorless and amounts to but a small fraction of the volume of the garbage disposed of. It may be utilized for land reclamation, fertilizer, and other uses. 45;

The air to support combustion enters the fur,- nace chamber through the space between the flanges of the channels 23 and the adjacent walls 5| and 52. The updraft of cold air protects the traveling grate B from excessive tem- 501 perature. The products of combustion and the water vapor given off by the garbage during desiccation flow through the furnace chamber into the combustion chamber 62.

The carbon constituents of the products of 56 combustion are fully consumed within the combustion chamber 62 thus preventing the formation of smoke. The burning of some materials, however, unavoidably produces dense smoke. In

this instance, the blower fan 63 can be operated 60 to force air downward into the combustion chamber 62. This addition of air causes the flame in the-combustion chamber to oxidize and dissipate the carbon particles in the smoke.

The boiler 55 is heated by the products of 65 combustion passing through its fire tubes from the combustion chamber to the stack H. The boiler also receives the excess heat from the burners 61, 68, and 69 therebeneath as well as the heat generated by the burning of the desic- 70 cated garbage. The power generated at 55 will practically offset the cost of the fuel consumed by the burners 64 to 69.

The bafiles 13 in the stack H retard the escaping products of combustion. This produces a very slow draft in the furnace and combustion chambers thus promoting the efliciency of incineration. It also minimizes the production of smoke. The draft can be increased or retarded in accordance with conditions by the damper 14. The filter screen 1 I prevents the escape of flakes of ash which may be carried up the stack by the draft.

The present process is characterized by the gradual and continuous heating of a graduated mass of garbage to controlled incineration avoiding sudden temperature changes. The grate B in passing inoperatively along the rails 21-21 is exposed to the up draft atmosphere and becomes relatively cooled before garbage from the chute 36 is deposited thereon. This is a considerable factor in the prevention of malodorous gases.

The carriage A may be withdrawn from the furnace chamber along the extension 18 of the rails 6. This permits easy access to the grate B and its supporting structure for cleaning and repairs. It also enables the entry of workmen into the interior of the furnace chamber for repairs to the brick Work.

Having thus described this invention, What is claimed and desired to be secured by Letters Patent is:

An incinerator comprising a furnace chamber having side Walls and a top and open at the bottom thereof; a pair of sprockets at opposite ends of said chamber; a travelling grate encircling said sprockets; motive means for driving said travelling grate; a feed chute above one end of said grate; baffles in said chute adapted to break up the descending material; a manually operable gate at the bottom of said chute for regulating the feed of said material; a door closing the entrance into said chamber but arranged to permit the ingress of said material; a flue interposed between said feed chute and said door and adapted to carry off the gases generated by said material outside said door; a boiler in said chamber above said grate; a series of burners in said chamber in juxtaposition to said bo-iler; some of said burners being arranged so that their flames impinge upon said boiler; a stack communicating with said furnace chamber through said boiler; an ash chute leading from the discharge end of said travelling grate; a rotary hopper closing said chute; and means for stopping the rotation of said hopper.

ADELARD F. MARTEL.

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