US2150899A - Method of and apparatus for isolating minerals - Google Patents

Method of and apparatus for isolating minerals Download PDF

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Publication number
US2150899A
US2150899A US98819A US9881936A US2150899A US 2150899 A US2150899 A US 2150899A US 98819 A US98819 A US 98819A US 9881936 A US9881936 A US 9881936A US 2150899 A US2150899 A US 2150899A
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Prior art keywords
tank
liquid
coal
screen
conveyor
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US98819A
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English (en)
Inventor
Henry L Alexander
Pont Hubert I Du
Willing B Foulke
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EIDP Inc
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EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
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Priority to US98819A priority Critical patent/US2150899A/en
Priority to GB23777/37A priority patent/GB501656A/en
Priority to FR830757D priority patent/FR830757A/fr
Priority to GB23776/37A priority patent/GB501655A/en
Priority to US263083A priority patent/US2277053A/en
Priority to US263082A priority patent/US2266840A/en
Priority to US263080A priority patent/US2278906A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2150899A publication Critical patent/US2150899A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B5/00—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating
    • B03B5/28—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation
    • B03B5/30—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation using heavy liquids or suspensions
    • B03B5/36—Devices therefor, other than using centrifugal force
    • B03B5/40—Devices therefor, other than using centrifugal force of trough type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
    • B01D21/02—Settling tanks with single outlets for the separated liquid
    • B01D21/04—Settling tanks with single outlets for the separated liquid with moving scrapers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
    • B01D21/02—Settling tanks with single outlets for the separated liquid
    • B01D21/04—Settling tanks with single outlets for the separated liquid with moving scrapers
    • B01D21/06—Settling tanks with single outlets for the separated liquid with moving scrapers with rotating scrapers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
    • B01D21/24—Feed or discharge mechanisms for settling tanks
    • B01D21/2405—Feed mechanisms for settling tanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
    • B01D21/24—Feed or discharge mechanisms for settling tanks
    • B01D21/2433—Discharge mechanisms for floating particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
    • B01D21/24—Feed or discharge mechanisms for settling tanks
    • B01D21/245—Discharge mechanisms for the sediments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B11/00—Feed or discharge devices integral with washing or wet-separating equipment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B5/00—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating
    • B03B5/28—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation
    • B03B5/30—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation using heavy liquids or suspensions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B5/00—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating
    • B03B5/28—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation
    • B03B5/30—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation using heavy liquids or suspensions
    • B03B5/36—Devices therefor, other than using centrifugal force
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B5/00—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating
    • B03B5/28—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation
    • B03B5/30—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation using heavy liquids or suspensions
    • B03B5/44—Application of particular media therefor
    • B03B5/442—Application of particular media therefor composition of heavy media
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/22—Fuels; Explosives
    • G01N33/222—Solid fuels, e.g. coal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2221/00—Applications of separation devices
    • B01D2221/04—Separation devices for treating liquids from earth drilling, mining
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B11/00—Feed or discharge devices integral with washing or wet-separating equipment
    • B03B2011/006—Scraper dischargers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/4673—Plural tanks or compartments with parallel flow
    • Y10T137/4807—Tank type manifold [i.e., one tank supplies or receives from at least two others]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/4673—Plural tanks or compartments with parallel flow
    • Y10T137/4857—With manifold or grouped outlets
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593—Systems
    • Y10T137/85954—Closed circulating system
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593—Systems
    • Y10T137/86187—Plural tanks or compartments connected for serial flow

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the separation of minerals from gangue by the use of a liquid. of specific gravity between that of the mineral and the gangue.
  • the invention will be described as it is applied to the separation of coal from its indigenous impurities, particularly slate, a separation in which the process and apparatus are of particularly great value, but it is to be understood that this description is illustrative, not linilll itative.
  • Froth flotation a1- .55 ters the apparent specific gravity of a body by encasing it within a. bubble. Parting processes. however, depend upon the use of a parting liquid in which one ingredient of the mixture will sink down and another ingredient of the mixture will rise to and float on the top. Certain phases of 5 the parting liquid process are affected by the phenomenon of altered specific gravity but they are distinguished from froth flotation.
  • t is an object of this invention to separate coal from slate, and other minerals from their gangues or from each other, by a process which depends upon the parting effect of a liquid of intermediate specific gravity. Another object of the invention is to present an apparatus so highly developed that it may compete successfully with the highly developed processes and apparatus of the prior art. Another object of the invention is to bring into the mineral separations art new methods and apparatus for separating minerals from their gangues.
  • the objects of the invention are accomplished, generally speaking, by immersing the mixed minerals and gangue, preferably under hermetical seal, in a parting liquid of specific gravity intermediate, the specific gravities of materials to be separated, withdrawing the separated constituents from the parting liquid, scrubbing them to remove adhering parting liquid, prei'erably under hermetical seal, and ejecting them, preterably through a hermetical seal, from the process, and recovering parting liquid from the scrubbing liquid in a semi-static settling system.
  • the objects of the invention are also accomplished in part by the association oi apparatus hereinafter more fully described.
  • the ob- Jects oi the invention are in some degree accomplished by the details of the apparatus and. proceas which are more completely elsewhere herein described.
  • Figure l In order to make the drawings more easily comprehensible the first figure has been called Figure l, and is the key figure; the steps of the 'process have been numbered from 3 to 9 consecutively and the figures of the drawings have been numbered to correspond with the steps of the process to which they refer.
  • the numeral 3 refers to the step of the process which involves the actual parting step.
  • the sheets which relate to that step are numbered from Figure 3 to Figure 31.
  • Figure 2 is a view of the pipe Joints which are used throughout the apparatus.
  • Figure 3 is an apparatus capable'of carrying out the parting step of the process;
  • Figure 3 is a vertical section on the line A-A of the key figure;
  • Figure 3a. is a cross section on the broken line 3a, 3a of Figure 3;
  • Figure 3b is a detail, partly in section, of a preferred modification 01' wedge 336-33l;
  • Figure 3c is a section on Figure 3!);
  • Figure 3d is an elevational view partly in phantom and partly in section showing the parting apparatus;
  • Figure Se is a section of line 3e, 3e of Figure 3d;
  • Figure 3f is a section of line if.
  • Figure 3d if of Figure 3d;
  • Figure 3a is a section on line V 3g, 3g of Figure 3;
  • Figure 3h is a section on line an, in of Figure 3;
  • Figure 31' is a section on line 3i, 3: of Figure 3;
  • Figure 37 shows means for operating the preferred embodiment of Figures 3b and 30;
  • Figures 3k and 31 show a preferred method of operating the apparatus of Figm-es 3b and 3c.
  • Figure 4 is an elevational view partly broken away and in section showing the scrubbing apparatus;
  • Figure 4a is a section on the line 4a, 4a of Figure 4;
  • Figure 4b is an enlarged section on the line 4b, 4b of Figure 4d, the left hand section Figure 4b taken on the line Z-Z of Figure 4d; the middle section of Figure 41) being taken on the line YY of Figure 4d; and the right hand section of Figure 4b being taken on the line XX of Figure 4d;
  • Figure 4c is a section on the line 40, 4c oi.
  • Figure 4d is an enlarged section of the sealing mechanism shown in Figure 40;
  • Figure 4e is an enlarged section of a spray pipe with nozzles showing the overlap of the sprays.
  • Figure 5 discloses the apparatus for receiving material discharged from the scrubbing process, for sealing the scrubbing process, and for discharging the material.
  • Figures 6, Q, 6b, and 6c disclose the second, or main, settling tank, being the second step in the heavy liquid recovery system of which the first step is the settling tank, the apparatus which is found within the scrubbing section.
  • Figure 6 is a plan view partly cut away and in section of the main settling tank;
  • Figure 6a is a section on the line la, 8a;
  • Figure 6b is a vertical section on the line 8b, 8b;
  • Figure 6c is an enlarged section on the line 60, 6c of Figure 6.
  • Figures 7 to 7c refer to the third settling tank of the series, so-called the sludge trap, and to the still.
  • Figure 7 is an elevation partly in section of the sludge trap and still as assembled;
  • Figure 7a is a plan view of the sludge trap;
  • Figure 7b is a cross-section of the sludge trap on line 1b, lb:
  • Figure 7c is a plan view of the still on the line 10, 1c of Figure 7.
  • Figures 8 to 80 do not refer to section 8 of the apparatus, but to an apparatus by means of ,which the eficiency of separation can be expeditiously determined.
  • Figure 8 is an elevation of a portion of the apparatus partly in section and Figure 8a is a cross-section on the line 8-2,
  • Figure 8b is a drawing of a scoop
  • Figure 8c is an enlarged detail of the hinge connection.
  • Figure 9 and Figure 9a are views in plan and elevation, respectively, of the condensers.
  • the path of the coal through the apparatus will be traced to completion before the treatment of used liquids is considered.
  • the coal is dropped into chute 328 and is carried thereby into the separating chamber where the heavy material is separated from the light by a liquid medium of intermediate specific gravity.
  • the coal is drained of entrained liquid and transferred to the apparatus and step 4 of the process which is, with respect to the coal, a scrubbing process which removes from the coal substantially all vestiges of parting liquid.
  • a scrubbing process which removes from the coal substantially all vestiges of parting liquid.
  • the separated coal and slate are subjected to a vigorous scrubbing by water, under pressure, which comes from headers M2.
  • the steps of the process are preferably carried out in a hermetically sealed system.
  • the washed coal and slate are ejected through split boot 462 into the water-sealed conveyers 5 which serve to give the coal a last rinsing and to prevent the escape of vapors from the sealed units 3 and 4. From the conveyors 5 the coal may be discharged to storage or to a railroad car for transportation to the place of use and the slate may be discarded.
  • the heavy liquid is pumped through P19 123 to the used liquid storage tank. Finally, the remaining sludge is dropped into the still 8 for steam distillation.
  • the water, together with vaporized heavy liquid passes through pipe 88-39 to condenser 9 which is diagrammatically shown on this figure, and from condenser 9 to cooler 95 and water separator 96, wherein the heavy liquid is separated by a gravity separation from water.
  • the separated heavy liquid is carried through pipes SH and 962 to the new liquid storage tank 963 or the used liquid storage tank 964, respectively.
  • 965 is a vent pipe connecting the used liquid storage tank with the new liquid storage tank and 966 is a vent from the new liquid storage tank.
  • the used liquid storage tank can be replenished from the new liquid storage tankthrough meter gauge 961, which gives a check on the amount of liquid used in the system.
  • the level of heavy liquid in the parting section 3 is maintained by injecting liquid from the used storage tank 364 through pipe 359. Excess of heavy liquid escapes over a weir through pipe 358 and back to the used liquid storage tank.
  • a circle with the letter p indicates a pump and a circle with the letter 0: indicates a valve; pipes 358-359 are joined by a pipe in which is valve V-20.
  • FIG. 3 is illustrated the separating chamber.
  • 3 is an enare channel-shaped edges to openings in the top of the tank; 32 are covers for the said openings; 33 are flanges on the said covers of size to flt within the said channelshaped edges of the openings; 34 is a liquid which partially fills each said channel-shaped opening forming a hermetical seal; 35 is a vent pipe; 37 is a motor support mounted on the said tank; 36 is a motor of variable speed; 39 is a speed re-- ducing gear of customary construction comprising a chain of large and small driving and driven wheels; 300 is a shaft running crosswise of and projecting somewhat beyond the sides of the tank; 309 and 302 are sprocket wheels keyed to the shaft 300 at opposite ends thereof; 303-304 are chains on opposite sides of the tank driven from the said sprocket wheels respectively; 305- 306 are sprocket wheels mounted on the ends of shafts 301 and 306 respectively,
  • 3l6 is a screw for operating the wedge and moving the roller;
  • 3 l 1-3 I! are conveyor chains;
  • 3 l 8 is a flight of a conveyor which is mounted on the conveyor chains 31?;
  • 3l9 are perforations in the flights of the conveyor;
  • 320 is a conveyor panbent at the point 32!
  • sprocket wheels 348 which are mounted on a trunnion to carry scraper flight conveyor 343;
  • 349 is a pan extending from side to side of the machine to catch the drip which passes through the wedgewire screen 339 and return it to the liquid in the tank;
  • 350 is a drain at the rear and lowest point of the tank, whose bott m is preferably inclined;
  • 35l is a chamber beneath the said screen;
  • 352 are a pipe and valve to permit the drawing off of the sludge which may collect and pass through the said screen, the said sludge being passed through the said pipe to the Settling tank to be hereinafter described, the continuation of the said pipe not being shown;
  • 353 is a chamber attached to the wall of the tank;
  • 354 is a screw operating in a nut 355 fastened to the tank;
  • 356 is a stuffing box through which the said screw passes; 35?
  • 363 is a pipe leading at 364 and 365 into the tank;
  • 366 is a hollow gauge within the pipe 363 and projecting thereabove. Shaft 366 of the said gauge is preferably calibrated on its outside and its hollowness is used for the insertion or withdrawal of shot or other heavy material to its interior so that it can be standardized against the specific gravity of the parting liquid in the apparatus to record correctly its level;
  • 361-368 are oppositely placed hollow projections on the sides of the apparatus;
  • 369- 310 are removable covers held on by bolts or other satisfactory means not shown to hennetically seal those of the said openings which are not in use;
  • 31l-31l are flanges on the said projections designed to abut against and form a hermetical seal with similarly placed flanges or similarly pro- Jectlng members of that apparatus 4 which accomplishes the next step in the process;
  • 3233 is a manifold forming a part of the chute connected vto a suction apparatus not shown and through openings
  • This apparatus is operated to accomplish the above described step of the process as follows:
  • the valve of pipe 359 is opened and heavy liquid is admitted to the tank through openings 36!] until the level 314 is indicated on the sight gauge 366. Water is then run into the tank through the orifices 315 until the level 313 is reached. A continuous flow of water may be maintained through the machine through the pipe 315 and the overflow 362, if it is desired, or water may be added intermittently and as needed.
  • the height of the parting liquid in the tank is regulated by the overflow 351. As the liquid is admitted it rises in the tank and in the box 353 until it reaches the open top of the cylinder 351 at which point it flows downwardly through the said overflow and through the valve and pipe 358 to the used liquid tank.
  • the valve in the said pipe 356 may be kept open and a continuous flow of liquid pass into the chamber through pipe 359 and out of it through pipe 358, or the operation may be made intermittent, control being kept by observation of the sight gauge.
  • the tank having been filled to the proper level withliquid, coal is dropped from the conveyor into the chute 326, passing in four streams down the divisions 329 by which it is distributed across the width of the tank.
  • the chute 328 may be placed on either side of the machine as is indicated in Figure 3e, an opening on either side being provided, that not in use being closed by a plate 316.
  • the apparatus is started; the motors drive the two conveyors either at the same or at diflerent speeds depending to some extent upon the quantity of material each has to handle.
  • the coal, slate, and other admixed impurities drop into the water layer while still in the chute so that they are dispersed by the water before reaching the parting liquid; the splash made by their falling is dissipated and entrained gas is removed before they leave the chute. Passing through the water layer they enter the parting liquid, whose density has been selected to be between that of coal and that of slate.
  • the coal floats on the surface of the parting liquid, the slate sinks down guided by the hopper 334 and,
  • the speciflc gravity of the liquid is preferably chosen to be only slightly lower than that of the middlings.
  • the middlings are those portions of the mixture which contain in one lump both slate and coal. The middlings tend to sink only slowly in the liquid whereas the slate sinks instantly and the coal floats.
  • Each of the conveyors acts as a pump, the effect of which can be varied by the use of scraper blades of either solid or foraminous cross section, the number of openings in the said scraper blades being variable to secure pumping actions of different intensity.
  • the outer conveyor sweeps sunken material along its conveyor pan and up the incline toward the discharge, some of the entrained liquid tends to fall back through the orifices in the flights and that which remains is sucked out of the material as it is pushed over the wedge-wire screen 323.
  • the slate is discharged through the hopper 322 into the trough 4
  • the lower plate of the conveyor pan of the inner conveyor 338 is carried well beyond the pinion 345 and is then bent inwardly as indicated at 3466 so that the floated material will be swept on without jamming between the fiights and the pan.
  • the chain is enabled to bend upwardly, and enough slack is provided therein so that when coal tends to jam the conveyor by taking up slack it may jump and release it without damage.
  • the conveyor flights then sweep the coal up the inclined pan, over the wedge-wire draining screen 339, and eject it through the hopper 34!] onto the trough 42 which forms aportion of the apparatus 4 to be hereinafter described.
  • the liquid which is driven by the outer conveyor passes through the wedge-wire screen 323 downward through the chamber 324, outside the main wall of the tank through the passage 325 and the opening 326 into the chamber which is formed in back of the partition 336-331.
  • the liquid which is entrained by the inner conveyor is swept up the inclined conveyor pan, passes through the wedge-wire screen 333, flows down the drain board 349, and is carried back to the chamber behind the partition 336-331.
  • the length of the separating chamber namely the distance between the plate 330 and the wedge 336-331 is such that the pieces of coal will have risen to the top of the separating liquid and the pieces of slate will have dropped to the bottom before the wedge has been reached, but the middlings, due to the selection of a parting liquid of only slightly lighter specific gravity, will be held in suspension, slowly sinking.
  • the middlings rich in coal sink at a slower rate than the middlings poor in coal, due to their difierent densities, and a classification of the middlings takes place before the wedge is reached.
  • the wedge then directs the richer midarouses dlings upward into the coal and the coal-poor middlings downward into the slate.
  • FIGs 310 and 3c is shown a means of varying the proportion of middlings which is thrown a into the coal and a means which materially contributes to the production of coal with a standard ash content.
  • 346 is the bottom of the conveyor pan; 383 is a plate; 382 is a hinge connecting the plate to the lip of the conveyor pan; 385 is a plate and 33B is a hinge connecting the plate 385 to plate 383; 381 are hook-shaped members which underlap the edges of the channel irons 3H for sliding movement.
  • a water seal box 368 mounted in the side of the tank to a point on the outside from which it may be manipulated.
  • 389 are rods. By pulling up on one said rod the plate 3% will be lifted, and the plate 385 will swing toward the receiving end of the machine, theedge 3% of the wedge will have been raised and a greater proportion of the middlings will have been directed into the slate, producing a coal of decreased ash content. If, on the other hand, a coal oi increased ash content is desired, a second rod attached at the lower end of plate 385 and projecting through the wall of the tank in the same manner may be manipulated to draw the plate 335 rearwardly and lower the angle 386.
  • FIGs 37c and 31 is shown another means of adjusting the wedge.
  • FIGs 3 refers to the tank; 39d39ll are elongated boxes on the outsides thereof (a corner of which is shown in dotted lines in Figure 3) 3% are slots connecting the interior of the tank with the said boxes; $92-$92 are links attached to the lower corners of the wedge; 393-393 are pins attached to the links, passing through the slots 3% and mounted in movable blocks 39 i; 39-39t3 are rods attached to the said blocks bored and screwthreaded; 3%396 are revclvable screws mounted in bearings attached to the sides of the boxes hearing at their heads pinions which mesh with pinions on shaft 398 which is mounted in the sides of the tank and projects through the wall of the box and a stuiflng box 33?; 393 is a hand wheel to turn the rod.
  • the material to be separated enters through the chute into the receiving .end of the apparatus and is collected by the hopper which encircles the section of the apparatus in which the actual parting of mineral and gangue takes place.
  • the pumping action of the conveyors keeps the liquid in continuous circulation from the receiving end of the parting chamber to the discharge end thereof.
  • the upper conveyor sweeps the floats onto the conveyor pan, and the looseness of the conveyor chains permits the conveyor .flights to jump and free themselves from any particles which tend to jam against the lip of the conveyor pan.
  • the lower flight gathers the sinks and carries them out of the separating chamber.
  • the middlings are carried by the current toward the wedge which forms the discharge end of the separating chamber and are divided according to the proportion of slate and coal they contain, those heavy because of large quantities of slate being thrown into the refuse, and those light because of usable quantities of coal being gathered in the floats.
  • the separated materials are pushed by their respective conveyors over wedge-wire screens, or other suitable draining mechanism, which remove the majority of entrained liquids, and the materials themselves are discharged by the conveyors onto the collecting pans or troughs of the screen to be hereinafter described.
  • the parting liquid which passes through the wedge-wire screens is returned along the sides of the machine and outside the separating chamber to the charging end of the machine and a continuous circulation is thus maintained.
  • the level of heavy liquid is maintained at any desired point by the adjustable sealed weir at the end of the machine and the level of sealing fluid is maintained by the weir box on the-side of the machine. Continuous addition and removal of liquid through the machine is thus possible, as well as intermittent additions as additions become necessary. Means are provided for blowing out the space beneath the conveyor pans and means are also provided for the removal of sludge from the bottom of the tank.
  • the coal After the coal has been separated from the indigenous impurities, both are subjected to a vigorous scrubbing.
  • the scrubbing is preferably carried out in a hermetically sealed chamber.
  • a shaker screen is used in order to make possible the thorough washing of the coal, and the problem of transmitting power to the screen without opening the apparatus to the air was no small one. It was accomplished, however, by the means which are more fully described below. Briefly stated, the coal is carried through an hermetically sealed connection from the separating apparatus into the washing section.
  • FIG. 4 to 4c are illustrative of this portion of the invention.
  • Angle irons 49 form the side frames of the screen and extend longitudinally from the feeding troughs to the discharge plate 41.
  • Dividing member .49 is also an angle iron extending from the troughs to the pipe; 400 are angle members connecting the side frames of the machine to the main frame of the screen; 401-401 are J-shaped members having the taller leg of the J of considerable height; 402-402 are braces connecting the frame member 43 with the lower portions of the J-shaped member; 403 is a brace directly connecting the two J-shaped members; 404 is a splash guard running the lengtlaof the foraminous portion of the screen.
  • 405-405 represent the support for the entire washing section; 409 is a tank forming the base of the machine; 401 is one wall of the tank;
  • 400-408 are angle-shaped members forming channels with 401 and 416 respectively running lengthwise of and within the wall 401 and 416; 400 is the inclined bottom of the tank; 410 is a wall of the tank running lengthwise of the apparatus and forming a weir which divides the tank into two sections; 411 is the bottom of the tank beyond the weir; 412 is the outer wall of the tank, in this case placed considerably beyond the outer wall of the screen section; 413 is the top of the said extended side; 414 is a rectangular opening, channel-shaped in cross-section, forming a seat for cover 415. By filling the channelshaped member partly with water an effective gas seal is created.
  • 416 is a wall forming in part the outer wallof theapparatus and in part a wall dividing the two compartments of the tank; 411 are braces attached on the inside to channels 408; 418 is a bar supported by braces 411; 419 are side plates extending lengthwise one on each side of the apparatus; 421 are side plates attached to the braces 402-403 running lengthwise on each side of the apparatus and overlapping the upright portions of channel members 408 inwardly thereof; 42% are drain guards attached to members 419 to prevent the drainage from the screen from running into the channels 400; 422 are drain guards attached to the walls of the screen chamber and projecting within the channels formed at the edges of the screen by angle members 49 and J-shaped members 401-401; 423-423 are walls of the screen section of the apparatus; 424 is the top of the apparatus 425 is a cover for an opening in the top of the apparatus, said cover being formed with one continuous flange 426; 421 are continuous channels in the top of the apparatus of size such that the continuous flange of
  • 120-420 are supports attached to and projecting at right angles to the outer legs of the J-shaped members; 429-429 are wooden spring boards; 430 are beams to which the spring boards are bolted; 431-431 are spring boards suspended from the beams 430; 432 are weights hung from the said spring boards; 498-438 are guides mounted on the frame 405:01 the apparatus; 434-434 are bufler members approaching the counterweights; 435 is a shaft journaled in the frame 405 436 is a wheel capable of being driven by a belt or similar power-transmitting means and, being keyed'to the shaft 435, capable of driving the said shaft; 431-431 are eccentrics; 430-438 are driving rods attached to the eccentrics 431 and attached through connections 439 to the J-shaped screen frames; 440 are eccentrics placed on the shaft opposite to eccentrics 431 and on the outer sides of the frames 405 respectively; 441-441 are driving rods connecting the eccentrics to the 'counterweights 432.
  • 442-442 are headers which may be suspended from the beams 430 by connections 443 which comprise a band encircling the header having a hook to pierce an eye on a middle strip conne'cted to the beams 430; 444 are pipes con; nected to the headers entering the washing tank 'through hermetical seals 445; 449 are valves in the pipes 444; 441 are pressure gauges opera tively connected'to the pipes 444; 443 are pipes connected horizontally to pipes 444; 449 are spray nozzles aflixed to pipes 440 so that the liquid in pipes 448 may be directed at the most efficient angle upon the material on screen 40; 450 are supports attached to the tank at spaced intervals; 451 are bailie plates supported by supports 450 extending transversely of the tank; 452 are channels at the bottom of the baille to catch the drip and direct it to the sides of the screen into the channels formed by angles 49 and sides 401 of the frame; 453 are a series of supports extending transversely
  • FIG. 4a the screen in broken away at 454 to show the plain inclined plate 454; at 456 on the same figure the screen and plate 454 are broken away to show the riiile plate 456 and the diagonal placement of the riiiie bars.
  • .451 is an outlet at the bottom of the tank 406 and at the juncture of incline plate 409 and weir 410; 458 is a pipe opening out of the portion of the tank beyond the weir; 459 is a blow-out pipe through which water under pressure can be directed to discharge the sludge from the bottom of the tank through the orifices 451; 460 is a baiiie plate at the end of the channel formed by members 49 and 401; 451 is a.
  • C083 is discharged from the float conveyor of the separator onto the receiving pan- 4
  • the longerleg of the J -.shaped screen frames is, from the receiving to the discharge end of the screen, of decreasing height, whereas the shorter leg, that which is attached to the spring boards, is of uniform height.
  • spring boards of uniform length are used and the screen is held on an angle.
  • the screen is divided at its mid-portion by a partion which prevents the separated coal and slate from mingling.
  • the driving mechanism reciprocates the screen at a rate which is consistent with the best performance and the materials are moved gradually from the receiving to the discharge end while being vigorously sprayed by a multitude of showers.-
  • the motion of the screen in combination with the sprays turns the coal repeatedly over so that all sides are exposed to, and thoroughly washed with, the cleansing liquid, eifectuating a substantially complete removal of the liquid which the material has carried with it, In order to prevent the each particleof coal is ordinarily sprayed by the water from three nozzles.
  • the receiving pans 4l42 of the screen are solid, thereafter the screen becomes foraminous either by the punching of holes through the plate, by the use of ordinary screens, or by other means.
  • the final section of the screen is made of wedgewire in order to drain from the coal and refuse substantially all entrained water before delivery to the discharge pans 41 and the divided boot 462.
  • the screen could be all of one type of wire but the arrangement shown produces superior results, all factors considered.
  • Water is preferably used for washing the material and it is forced under pressure into headers 442 from whence it. travels through the depending pipes to the spray pipes 448 and through the nozzles 449. The velocity of the spray is such that a considerable portion of the fluid is splashed from the material or the screen.
  • the plates 42! of a size .adequate to cover the said openings in all positions of the screen, are mounted on the rods 402-403 and abaffle plate 420 deflects any fluid flowing down the side'ofplate 9 over and beyond the said plate 42L All liquid which passes through the screen, consequently, falls upon and runs down the inclination of plate 454, which is a plate having a surface which permits the maximum desirable transportation of the liquid.
  • the plate 454 is terminated short of the side wall and the liquids drop therefrom at substantially the top of rifile plate 456.
  • the rifile plate is terminated short of the side wall 40'! of the machine and the flow passes over the ends thereof and into the tank 406, all of whose bottom portions slope to the central low point in the neighborhood of outlet 459.
  • the sludge and some parting liquid settle in the vicinity of the opening 451 and the liquid which'carries only comparatively fine particles of solid flows over the weir .4i0 into the other section of the tank, being pumped through orifice 458 to the second settling tank, as is more fully elesewhere here in described.
  • the sludge is pumped through orifice 451 to the third settling tank, which is else where herein more fully described. If the sludge has collected so thickly at the orifice. 451 that the sludge pumps cannot draw it from the tank, a hose may be attached to pipe 459 and water under pressure used to force the sludge out of the chamber.
  • the screen is counterbalanced by the use of spring board supported counterweights driven by oppositely placed eccentrics from the same shaft.
  • the covers which give admittance to the tank are water sealed by the use of flanged covers which fit water filled channel members in the machine casing.
  • channel members partially filled with water are provided on each side of the machine.
  • the screen frame is made J-shaped, each J projecting into the liquid within the said channels, and being shorter than they by the length of the swing.
  • The'upper portion of the tank is then, so to speak, placed within the hook of the J so that its lower edge is beneath the water level in the channel.
  • the J-shaped frame consequently, reciprocates within a water seal which effectively prevents the escape of gas, and the previously described construction of the apparatus prevents the contamination of the liquid in the said channels.
  • is the conveyor box in general, being a gas and liquid-tight tank made of metal or other suitable material; 53 is a hopper within the said conveyor tank having an inclined wall 54 to direct the material which falls from the screen into the conveyor box at the angle which offers the least interference with the descending flights of the conveyor; I0 is the inclined underside of the conveyor tank; 5 is a displaced portion of the said side; 5l2 is a foraminous section forming a continuation of the portion of the bottom 5"), the portions 5 and H2 forming between them a space of a capacity adequate to take care of such liquid as may be discharged to them from the solids which are carried out of the tank by the flights; 505 is a conveyor pan; 505 are openings in the lower portion of the conveyor pan; 501 is a section of wedge-wire screen forming the bottom of the said conveyor pan at a point just short of the discharge lip thereof; 58 is the discharge lip of the conveyor pan over which the material is pushed by the conveyor; 59 is the supporting underlip of the conveyor tank;
  • 524 is a wheel driven by means 522 and keyed to shaft 525 on which are keyed the sprocket wheels 5
  • 521 are parallel bearing blocks;
  • 525 is a shaft iournaled at one end with a loose flt in the said bearing blocks 521 and at its other end in complementary bearing blocks, not shown, at the other side of the conveyor box.
  • 530 is a rod fastened at one end to the shaft 529 and having at its upper end a screw-threaded nut 532;
  • Ill is a screw-threaded rod making operable screw-threaded contact with the nut 532.
  • One of these rods is attached to each end of the shaft 525.
  • the rods III are mounted on a rod which transverses and is attached to the sides of the tank.
  • the conveyor may jump away from the pan due to the loose fit of the blocks and may be manually adjusted by nuts 582.
  • I to which is attached a pipe. not shown, connected to the lower section of the conveyor whereby to return the liquid drained from the whole by the wedge-wire screen to the conveyor box at a lower point;
  • 542 is an inlet pipe and valve through which liquid can be run into conveyor box; 5421s an outlet pipe and valve at the bottom of the conveyor which permit the drawing of!
  • the pipe 542 is connected either to a waste pit or to the settling tank, which is elsewhere herein more fully described.
  • 544 is a liquid box outside of the machine; 545 is an overflow pipe within the said liquid box.
  • the operation of the apparatus is as follows: Coal is dropped from the discharge lip 48 of the screen through the divided boot and the hopper.
  • the hopper and the conveyor tank are filled to the level 545 with water or other suitable liquid.
  • the coal is discharged into the water therefor above the hopper level and is directed by the inclination 54f is an opening in the of the chute 54 to a place in proximity to the descending flights of the flight conveyor.
  • the coal passes through those flights and directly to the conveyor pan where it is picked up by the ascending flights, drained of liquid by passage over the wedge-wire screens and discharged over the discharge lip 58.
  • the liquid level in the apparatus is kept at the level 545 so that no fumes or liquids coming over the discharge end of the screen will be able to escape into the air.
  • the liquid which is drained through the wedge-wire screen fllls up the space between the conveyor pan and the tank and thereafter passes through the screen 5 into the space below from which it is drained off by pipe 5 which returns it to the bottom of the conveyor tank or elsewhere.
  • Means are provided, not shown in these drawings, for blowing out the space between the conveyor pan and the bottom of the tank and consist of a nozzle through which'water can be forced under pressure at 459 as has hereinbefore been described for other apparatus.
  • the liquids which wash the coal in the washing section remove from the coal and slate substantially all the heavy liquid and the fine particles which are produced by abrasion or which are carried through the machine.
  • the liquid with fine suspensoidal matter is separated from the heavy sludge by the weir.
  • the heavy sludge is pumped from the bottom of the tank through pipe 451 to settling tank L'shown in Figures 7 to 70, and the liquid with'light suspensoidal matter is carried through pipe 458 to the main settling tank 6, shown in Figures 6 to 6c.
  • the system contains three settling or separating tanks interconnected, of which the first, located in the base of the washing section, makes a preliminary division between sludge and liquid containing light suspensoidal matter.
  • the second called for purposes of difl'erentiation the main settling tank, separates the comparatively light suspensoidal matter from the washing liquid and the third, called for convenience the sludge trap, receives the sludge from both the first and second tanks.
  • FIGs 6 to 60 which illustrate the so-called main settling tank or separator, 6 indicates the separating apparatus as a whole; 45! is the discharge end of the pipe which carries the liquid with light suspensoidal matter from the primary settling tank; 5
  • the tubular member extends toward the bottom of the tank.
  • 8I2 are openings in the sides of the tubular member above the operating water line; Bills a cover to thetubular member l0 pierced by the discharge pipe 458; 82 is a truncated conical bottom to the tank; 52l is a sump connected to the truncation of the cone. This sump may be considered to be made by passing a plane diagonally through a cylinder. 622 is the diagonal plane dividing the cylinder" 52l and .forming a diagonal bottom on the sump which directs the 820 and valve 623; 524 is a pipe carrying water under pressure for use in dislodging sludge from the bottom or the sump 62!
  • the operation of this apparatus is as follows:
  • the liquid containing light suspensoidal matter in greater orless quantities enters the tank through pipette and tube did. it passes outwardly beneath tube did tending to throw toward the bottom the heavier suspensoidai matter and to rise toward the surface, whose level is established by the weir bill.
  • the vibrations caused by the plunge or the water from the pipe 3558 into the body of water in the tank are largely spent within the tube so that the liquid within the remainder of the tank is comparatively quiet.
  • the channel which is formed between the weir and the shell of the tank is sloped and increased in size toward the outlet.
  • the liquid which flows over the weir follows the slope downwardly to the box 633 and is carried by the pipe EH5 back into the headers 442 where it is used again for the washing of the solid materials on thescreen.
  • Figures 7 to '70 is shown the arrangement of the sludge trap and the still.
  • the function of the sludge trap is to separate out the water with light suspensoidal matter and return it to the main settling tank for further treatment; secondly to separate out isolated heavy liquid and return it to the heavy liquid storage tank; and thirdly to inject all remaining liquids and solids into a still for the recovery of any parting liquid which may be therein contained.
  • lid is a tubular member inside the tank through which the material is discharged;
  • H5 is a water seal covering of the type which has been hereinbefore described; lid is a circular weir within the tank towa'rd the top thereof which forms with the walls of the tank a channel having an inclination sufficient to drain such liquids as pass over the weir to the discharge box 'ii'i;
  • ml is a circular baffie plate within the weir.
  • the operation of the apparatus which has just been described is as follows: "The sludge from the sources of sludge supply is brought through the sight vfeed glass H0 and pipe H3 into thetank where the sludge settles to the bottom, the heavy liquid forms alayer on top of the sludge, and water is separated out on top of the heavy liquid.
  • the condition of the ingredients is such that in many cases so clear a. separation is obtained that it is possible to draw ofi part of the liquid by decantation, substantially clear liquid passing over the weir and out through the pipe I l 1 from whence it may be returned to the settling tank, to the main settling tank, or may be discharged. Between the layer of sludge at the bottom and the layer of light liquid at the top there may form a layer of the heavy parting liquid of suflicient purity to be withdrawn for storage or immediate

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  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
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US98819A 1936-08-31 1936-08-31 Method of and apparatus for isolating minerals Expired - Lifetime US2150899A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US98819A US2150899A (en) 1936-08-31 1936-08-31 Method of and apparatus for isolating minerals
GB23777/37A GB501656A (en) 1936-08-31 1937-08-31 Improvement in method of, and apparatus for, isolating minerals
FR830757D FR830757A (fr) 1936-08-31 1937-08-31 Procédé de traitement de minéraux, en particulier du charbon
GB23776/37A GB501655A (en) 1936-08-31 1937-08-31 Improvements in or relating to the isolation of minerals
US263083A US2277053A (en) 1936-08-31 1939-03-20 Apparatus for recovery of liquids from solids
US263082A US2266840A (en) 1936-08-31 1939-03-20 Analysis of minerals
US263080A US2278906A (en) 1936-08-31 1939-03-20 Liquid storage and handling system

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US263083A Expired - Lifetime US2277053A (en) 1936-08-31 1939-03-20 Apparatus for recovery of liquids from solids
US263082A Expired - Lifetime US2266840A (en) 1936-08-31 1939-03-20 Analysis of minerals
US263080A Expired - Lifetime US2278906A (en) 1936-08-31 1939-03-20 Liquid storage and handling system

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US263080A Expired - Lifetime US2278906A (en) 1936-08-31 1939-03-20 Liquid storage and handling system

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2688401A (en) * 1949-09-29 1954-09-07 Standard Oil Co Flotation of active catalyst from spent catalyst
US3186546A (en) * 1962-03-12 1965-06-01 Gen Mills Inc Flotation separation of particulate materials in non-aqueous media
US4249699A (en) * 1974-01-14 1981-02-10 Otisca Industries, Ltd. Coal recovery processes utilizing agglomeration and density differential separations
US4528069A (en) * 1983-04-11 1985-07-09 Inland Steel Company Solvent pretreatment of coal to improve coke strength
US20160192696A1 (en) * 2015-01-07 2016-07-07 MP Equipment, LLC Apparatuses and methods for uniformly applying various breading and coating materials on food products

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE751315C (de) * 1942-11-14 1952-05-08 Robert Dr-Ing Meldau Verfahren zur Trennung von Kohlenstaeuben in Salzloesungen als Schwerefluessigkeit
US2431499A (en) * 1944-08-21 1947-11-25 Standard Oil Dev Co Settling catalysts from oil having an inert gas thereabove
US2671562A (en) * 1949-09-10 1954-03-09 R C Mahon Company Apparatus for accumulating and automatically removing paint sludge
DE1128840B (de) * 1957-06-05 1962-05-03 United States Borax Chem Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Weiterleiten eines Schlammes hoher Dichte
US3252896A (en) * 1964-05-06 1966-05-24 Dorr Oliver Inc Disposal treatment of waste liquids containing putrescible organic matter
FR1555551A (fr) * 1967-07-05 1969-01-31
YU34766B (en) * 1971-03-22 1980-03-15 Zdruzeno Preduzece Magnohrom Process for gravitational concentrating of thick solutions and suspensions of fines and porous materials
DE59402670D1 (de) * 1993-03-18 1997-06-12 Pagenkopf Ingeborg Dr Verfahren zur trennung von feststoffgemischen verschiedener dichte, trennflüssigkeit und vorrichtung zur durchführung des verfahrens
NL9302022A (nl) * 1993-11-23 1995-06-16 Hubert Bv Inrichting en werkwijze voor het bezinken van vervuilde vloeistof.
US20050205496A1 (en) * 2004-01-23 2005-09-22 Roger H. Woods Limited Process and apparatus for treating liquid waste material
CN108049913B (zh) * 2018-01-13 2024-05-10 山东莱芜煤矿机械有限公司 一种煤矿井下水仓清挖设备

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2688401A (en) * 1949-09-29 1954-09-07 Standard Oil Co Flotation of active catalyst from spent catalyst
US3186546A (en) * 1962-03-12 1965-06-01 Gen Mills Inc Flotation separation of particulate materials in non-aqueous media
US4249699A (en) * 1974-01-14 1981-02-10 Otisca Industries, Ltd. Coal recovery processes utilizing agglomeration and density differential separations
US4528069A (en) * 1983-04-11 1985-07-09 Inland Steel Company Solvent pretreatment of coal to improve coke strength
US20160192696A1 (en) * 2015-01-07 2016-07-07 MP Equipment, LLC Apparatuses and methods for uniformly applying various breading and coating materials on food products

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FR830757A (fr) 1938-08-09
GB501655A (en) 1939-02-28
GB501656A (en) 1939-02-28
US2277053A (en) 1942-03-24
US2266840A (en) 1941-12-23
US2278906A (en) 1942-04-07

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