US2150104A - Apparatus for making book covers - Google Patents

Description

March 7, 1939. w E, R /ls 2,150,104

APPARATUS FOR MAKING-BOOK COVERS Original Filed May 25, 1936 5 Sheets-Sheet l ms: 7' THE R055 LJL- -L l I/ I) I l 77 3/ X 34 3a .36 I

.ZNVENTOR W/NFRED E LMo REA v/s BY ATTORNEY- March 7, 1939. w E REAV|5 2,150,104

' APPARATUS FOR MAKING 500K COVERS Original Filed May 25, 1936 3 heets-Sheet 2 f/vv's/v TOR W/NFRED ELMO R54 ws 5 v ,1 ea A d m 83 a 5 V ATTORNEY.

March 7, 1939. w. E. REVAVIS APPARATUS FOR MAKING BOOK CO VER S Original Filed May 2-5, 1936 86 85 5 me 62? A36 low W/NFRED 1.Mo

3 Sheets-Sheet 3 [NVENTOR A T TORNE).

Patented Mar. 7, 1939 UNITED STATES APPARATUS FOR MAKING BOOK COVERS Winfred Elmo Reavis, Los Angeles, Calif., assignor to Picture Cover Bindings, Inc, Brooklyn, N. Y., a corporation of New York Original application May 25, 1936, Serial No. 81,669. Divided and this application October 10, 1936, Serial No. 105,027

10 Claims.

My invention relates to the art of book binding and relates in particular to an apparatus for covering books and which is of especial utility in the practice of recovering books, wherein the covers or cases are fabricated completely before the book bodies are fastened therein. The present application is a division of my copending application, Serial No. 81,669, filed May 25, 1936, entitled Method and means for recovering books.

Book covers of the type referred to herein ordinarily consist of a covering sheet of a suitable material, such, for example, as fabric, which in its use upon the book is divided into three prinlo cipal sections or areas, namely, a back area and front and rear areas which lie upon opposite sides of the back area. Ordinarily there are narrow areas between the front, back, and rear areas coinciding with the joints of the cover. The front and rear areas are ordinarily reinforced by pieces of binders board or heavy cardboard, but in some instances the front and rear areas are reinforced with a flexible material, such as thin cardboard, so that the bound book will be flexible in character.

It is an object of my present invention to provide an apparatus whereby book covers may be completely fabricated before being placed upon the book bodies, in which the covers may be made from cover sheets which are already decorated or lettered, or both, and in which a practically perfect alignment of the markings of the cover sheets may be maintained relative to the completed covers.

The use of pre-marked covering material, or cover sheets, necessitates particular care in the location of the other elements entering into the construction of the covers, namely, the pair of binders boards entering into the front and rear 40 of the cover, and an inlay strip of paper forming the reinforcement for the back portion of the cover, so that when the. case is completed, the markings will be located desirably or as intended relative to the covered or recovered book.

apparatus whereby the required markings of the cover sheet are located or positioned with direct relation to two adjacent edges, referred to as the guide edges. of the cover sheet, and wherein the 50 front, rear, and back area reinforcing members, or liners, are glued to the reverse side of the cover sheet in a definite or corresponding relation to the same guide edges of the material, thereby assuring that when the cover is com- -5 pleted and applied to a book body, the markings thereof will be properly aligned and positioned relative to the externally exposed areas of the recovered book.

It is a further object of the invention to pro-vide a cover sheet prepared by a part of my appara- It is an object of my invention to provide an tus for use in another part of my apparatus, this cover sheet contributing to the accomplishment of the improved results which I obtain.

Further objects and advantages of the invention will be made evident throughout the following part of the specification.

Referring to the drawings, which are for illustrative purposes only,

Fig. 1 is a perspective View of a book body which is to be covered or recovered.

Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the book body with a cover applied thereto.

Fig. 3 is a face View of a decorated and lettered cover sheet.

Fig. 4 is a face view of a decorated cover sheet.

Fig. 5 is a face view of a cover sheet marking device.

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary section on. a plane represented by the line 6-5 of Fig. 5.

Fig. 7 is a rear face view of the cover sheet shown in Fig. 3, with the cooperating physical elements in place thereon.

Fig. 8 is a face View of a simple device for positioning the physical elements of a book cover in accordance with known information relative to the book body which is to be covered.

Fig. 9 is a partly sectioned elevational view looking toward Fig. 8 as indicated by the arrow 9 thereof.

Fig. 10 is a section taken as indicated by the line lfl-IU of Fig. 8.

Fig. 11 is a fragmentary section on a plane represented by the line lI-ll of Fig. 8.

Fig. 12 is a plan view of an alternative form of liner locating device by which the invention may be practiced.

In Fig. 1 I show a book 20 which, for the reason that it does not have a cover applied thereto, I shall hereinafter refer to as the book body so that when this book body 28 is covered, it may be referred to as the completed book or merely book. My present invention is particularly useful in covering book bodies, either new or old, but since it has its principal utility in connection with the recovering or rebinding of books, I shall hereinafter explain the invention with particular reference to. this use thereof. When a book is brought in for rebinding, theold cover is stripped from the book body which may be then trimmed so that the edges of all of the leaves will be even. Subsequently, the back of the book body may be glued so that the leaves thereof will be held in a stack. This is ordinarily followed by separating the book body into a plurality of relatively thin tablets each having a glued back, and the tablets are then sewed together by use of a resewing machine. After resewing, the book body 26 is generally placed in a clamp so that its back 2i projects slightly from the edges of the clamp, whereupon the back is spread as indicated at 22 so that the back 2| has a dimension D which is a little greater than the thickness t of the book body 20. I

In Fig. 2 I show a book cover 23 applied to the book body 20. 'In view of the fact that the width 20, height h, and back b dimensions are obtainable by reference to 'the book body 20, the similar dimensions W, H, and B ofthebook cover 23 may be readily determinedso' that when the cover 23 is applied to the book body 20, there will be top and bottom projections and a front projection of the book cover from the'book body 20, as indicated at 24 and ZSin'Fig. 2. The cover 23 includes a front member 26 and a rear member 21, which are spaced from a back 28 by joints 29 having a dimension 7'. In Fig. 7 I show a coversheet 3| lying flat with its inner, inside, or rear face up and with afront board 32 and a rear board 33 lying on opposite sides of a back filler strip 34 and being spaced from such back filler strip 34 by a joint dimension J which is determined in accordance with the thickness of boards and flexibilityof joint desired. Ordinarily, this joint dimension J is approximately The cover sheet 3| is' of such dimension that upper and lower fold-in edges or extensions 35 and 36 will be provided, and also side fold-in extensions 37 and 38wil1 be provided, the width of'such edges35, 36, '31, and 38'bein'g determined with relation to the thickness of the boards 32'and 33 and the amount of lap desired; Fromthe foregoing itwill'be perceived that a cover sheet 3| for, any size of book body may be predetermined, and likewise that various standard sizes of such cover sheets may be pre-cut and held'in stock ready for use as required.

It occurs that in the libraries of a city or district, there may be a relatively large number of copies of a popular b'ook,'and at the end of a period of time a large number of the copies of this one book may require rebinding. Myinvention makes it possible to economically prepare a supply of cover sheets for use in the recovering of this-particular book, which cover sheets may be held in stock by a rebinding establishmentand used for the recovering of the copies of the book as they come into the bindery for attention. Likewise, a supply of cover sheets for the recovering of this book may beheld in a central warehouse from which they may be sent to various binderies throughout the country as need thereof is required. The covers thus used in the recovering of copies of this book may be decorated and printed more elaborately than the ordinary cover used in the recovering of library books, and in fact may be a replica of the original cove-r of thebook without incurring material additional expense to the library or libraries for whom the recovering work is done.

Anexample of a preferred practice of my invention is as follows: Let it be assumed that the book body 20 shown in Fig. l is from a popular book of which there are numerous copies held in libraries, manyof which copies are in such condition'that they require or will eventually require recovering. From the physical dimensions of the book body 20, as previuosly described, the

size of a cover sheet 3| may be readily determined, and an estimated number of such cover sheets may be cut. which may be conveniently first performed, this group of cover sheets is provided with means for establishing a reference line which may be here- 'inafter referred to as the back reference line,

As one of the steps of the process shown in Figs. 3, 4, and '1, the indication for determining the position of this back reference line XX is preferably made by the removal of a. small amount of material from the cover sheet to form an incisure and may be in the form of a small notch 40 out in the top or front edge 4| of the cover sheet 3| as shown in. Fig. 3. This notch 40, and likewise the reference line XX defined thereby, is a predetermined distance from a side edge 42 of the cover sheet 3|, and the purpose of the back reference line XX is to provide the binder with information from which he may determine the position of the back of the cover which is to be formed from the cover sheet back reference line XX. Such device com-- prises a board or table 46 having a; head guide 37? and a side guide 48 which projects from a latcrally sliding head 49 adapted to make threaded engagement with a screw 5| so that by rotation of such screw 5| through use of a knob 52 provided thereon, the side guide 43 may be moved relative to a notching cutter 53. This notching cutter 53 is mounted on a vertically movable head 54 formed in conjunction with a bar 55 carried in vertical slides 56 and having pivot means 51 at its upper end engaging an operating lever 58. By means of a pin 59, the rearwardend 6| of the operating lever 58 is pivotally connected to bars or links 62, the lower ends of which are pivotally connected by means of a pin 63 to a bracket 64 mounted on the upper edge of the board or table 46.

After the cutting of the cover sheets 3 the side guide or stop 48 may, by reference to a scale 65, be set at a distance R from the center or point of the notching cutter 53, after which a stack 66 of the cover sheets 3| may be placed so that the front edges 4| of these cover sheets will rest against the head guide 41, as shown in Figs. 5 and 6, and so that the side edges 42 will rest against the side guide 48. The lever 58 may be operated to move the cutter 53 downwardly from the position in which it is shown in Fig. 6, thereby cutting indicating notches 40 in the edges of the cover sheets 3|.

The cover sheets 3| are then imprinted or otherwise provided with markings on the front faces thereof, as indicated by the numeral 61 of Fig. 3. It is Well known that regardless of the care which may be taken in the cutting of the cover sheets 3|, they may vary more or less in dimension, and the edges thereof may not be perpendicular one to the other. For example, as indicated by the dotted line 68 of Fig. 3, a cover sheet may be slightly longer than the estimated proper dimension thereof; and as. indicated by the dotted line 69, such cover sheet may be at the same time slightly less in width than the specified width dimension. Accordingly, I establish two guide edges, namely, the front edge'4l and the side edge 42 as guide edges with refer ence to which all of the operations on the cover sheets 3 in the preparation of such cover sheets and in the making up of the covers, are performed. As previously described herein, the reference line XX is established a specified distance R from the side guide edge 42. Likewise, all of the printing or decorating of the cover sheet 3I is applied with reference to or in spaced relation to the guide edges 4| and 42. The markings 61 on the cover sheet 3| may be of several different colors consecutively applied, and in the application of such colors the edges GI' and 52 are placed in engagement with or in a definite relation to guide means provided therefor in the imprinting or decorating apparatus. By following this procedure, I assure that the various parts of the markings 6'! will not only be in register, but that they will also be positioned on the cover sheet 3i so that when the book cover is completed, the markings will be properly aligned and properly positioned relative to the cover and will not be diagonally misaligned or offset from the intended position thereof on the finished book cover.

The markings 6? include decoration "II, lettering of identification l2, and also lettering I3 properly positioned in that area of the cover sheet which is to form the back of the completed cover. When the cover is to be made up, a back liner 34 is selected having a width dimension 1) corresponding to the back 2! of the book body 25. This liner 34 indicated in Fig. 7 is secured to the inner face l4 of the cover sheet Si in a definite position relative to the back reference line X-X or to the back reference indication formed the notch 4b. The boards 32 and 33, which may also be referred to as liners, are then placed on op posite sides of the back liner 34 in spaced relation thereto, with the result that they are in a dcfinitely spaced relation to the guide edges ti and in view of the fact that the reference line X-X has been located in predetermined spaced relation to the side guide edge 42. I prefer to place the liners 32 and 33 on the rear face of the cover sheet 3! in spaced relation to the back liner 34 for the reason that any variation in dimension of these liners 32 and 33, as indicated in dotted lines I5 in Fig. 7, will be compensated for in those edges 76 and ll of the liners 32 and 33 lying distant from the back reference line X-X and the guide edge ii.

For use with the cover sheets 3! I employ an aligning and positioning device 18 such as shown in Figs. 8 to 11 inclusive. This device l8 may be placed upon or secured to a suitable table 76 and comprises a base plate 8! having a front guide edge 82 from which a positioning member 33 projects. Adjacent the rearward edge of the plate if! a pair of brackets as and 85 are secured in upwardly projecting relation by means of screws 85. In the lower parts of the brackets M and 3 5 are horizontal pins 3? on the inner ends of which levers 83 are pivotally mounted in fcrwardly extended position, such levers having bodies at on the forward ends thereof to which guide plates ti are secured in spaced relation and parallel to the front guide edge 82. As best shown in Fig. 11, a compression spring 53?, is placed under the rearward end 94 of each lever 88, the purpose of these springs 33 being to rotate the levers in such direction that the guides 95 will be urged downwardly toward the top of the table '59. As indicated at $5 in Fig. 11, cam means are provided for lifting the levers 38 into positions such as indicated by dotted lines 95, thereby raising the guides Q5. Such cam means are formed on a rod or bar which is extended through openings 9? and S8 in the forward portions of the brackets 84 and 85, one end of such bar 95a being bent at right angles to form a handle IBI whereby the bar 350: may be rotated so as to cause the cams 95 to lift the levers Aligned openings I64 and I85 are provided in the upper parts of the brackets 8 and 85 to support a horizontal bar or shaft E36 having a collar Iilli on one end thereof and an operating knob I 538 on'its other end. The shaft i955 has an unthreaded portion IE9 and a threaded portion Hi1,

and on the shaft are mounted levers Hi and I E2,

the lever III having a hub portion H3 engaging the unthreaded section I69 of the shaft I66, and the lever H2 having a hub portion H4 which is threaded upon the threaded portion lit of the shaft Hit. The lever IIi does not move axially relative to the shaft E36, but may rotate through a relatively small arc so that a joint guide H6, which projects forwardly from the lever I i, may be raised and lowered relative to the surface of the table 19 as indicated in Fig. 16. The lever H2, being threaded on the portion lit of the shaft I96, is moved axially in response to rotation of the shaft H 5 and may be swung on the axis of the shaft I through a short are so as to raise and lower a joint guide bar ill which projects forwardly from the lever member l i2.

As best shown in Fig. 10, the forward end of each lever I I I and I I2 has an opening I I8 therein adapted to receive a pin or bar II9 projecting rearwardly from the cooperating bar H6 or Ill. In the forward ends of the levers III and H2, screws IZI are provided for making clamping engagement with the pins II9. Each lever III and I I2 has a portion I22 projecting downwardly from the hub thereof, such as the hub II4 of the lever I I2. In each of these portions I22 is a vertical notch I23, and each notch I23 is adapted to be engaged by an eccentric I24 formed on a bar I25 carried by a pair of small brackets I26 which are secured by means of screws I2! between the brackets 34 and and beneath the shaft I06. The bar $25 is provided with a handle I28 whereby it may be rotated so as to cause rotation of the eccentric portion I 24 of the bar, this eccentric portion liying in the notches I23 of the levers I II and H2, causing such levers to rotate in anticlockwisedirection, as shown in Fig. 10, whereby to raise the levers and the bars H6 and II! which project therefrom, as indicated by dotted lines I30 in Fig. 10. It will be noted that the positioning member 83 is aligned with the inner edge or face I32 of the bar H6, and the width of the bar H6 is the same as the joint dimension J of Fig '7. Bars 116 and 117 of other dimensions may be employed for joints of different widths.

The cover sheet 3! shown in Fig. 3 has glue applied to the inner or rear face thereof, and with the members 9| I I6, and I I! in raised position, the cover sheet 3! is moved under these members 9|, H6, and II? to bring the front guide edge 4| into engagement with the front guide shoulder 82 of the body 8|, with the member 33 engaging the notch 40 so that the inner face I32 of the bar I I6 will lie above the back reference line X-X. The handle IllI is then rotated so as to lower the levers 88, thereby dropping the members 9I into engagement with the cover sheet, holding the same in position on the table I9. The book body 20 is then referred to for the proper width b of the back liner 34 to be employed, and the back liner of such proper width b is selected from a supply of back liners.

Then, by rotation of the shaft I06, the

screw I I is caused to move the member H2 so as to bring the bar II'I into such position that the space between the inner face I32 of the bar H6 and the face I35 of the bar I" will correspond to the dimension b. To facilitate adjustment of the bars H6 and Ill into'properly spaced position in accordance with the back dimension of the book body to be covered, the lever members III and H2 are provided with upwardly pro-' jecting lugs I30 having inner faces I31 and I38 lying in the same planes as the faces I32 and I35 of the bars IIS and H1. The selected back liner 34 is placed with its width dimension between the shoulders or faces I31 and I38, and the screw H0 is rotated until these shoulders are spaced apart a distance corresponding to the width dimension b.

After the settingof the bars H6 and I" as described in the preceding paragraph, the handle I28 is rotated so as to drop the bars H6 and I I1 into engagement with the surface of the cover sheet which is in place upon the table IS. The members 89, H6, and I" now define the proper positions for the liner members 32, 33, and 34, the liner member 34 being placed between the faces I32 and I35 of the bars H3 and 1, after which the liner member or board 32 is placed so that it will engage the front face of the leftward member 9| and the outer face I of the bar IIO. In a. corresponding manner, the liner member or board 33 is placed so as to engage the front face of the rightward member 9| and the rightward face'l42 of the bar 1. vThe levers IN and I28 are then rotated so as to lift the members 9|, H6, and II! 'to permit removal of the cover sheet 3I which now has the liner members 32, 33, and 34 adhering to the rear face thereof, this partly completed book cover now being ready'for the turning in of the fold-in edges 35, 36, 31, and 38, after which the cover may be placed upon the book body20 in :the customary manner.

In another practice of my invention, cover sheets of:various standard sizes may be decorated, but not printed with book titles, and held in stock ready for use as needed. I have accordingly in Fig. 4 shown a cover sheet 3Ia having merely the vari-colored decoration II thereon, and other means ,of decoration such as a panel 'IIa. This cover sheet- 3Ia now has suitable decoration thereon and is also provided with an indication, such as a notch 40, defining the back reference line X-X. When a book body requiring this particular size of cover is brought in for recovering, the suitable lettering is first printed on the front of the cover sheet 3Ia, in spaced relation to the guide edges M and 42 of the cover sheet, at dimensions determined by reference to the dimensions of the book body to be recovered, in accordance with the general procedure hereinbefore set forth. The rear face of the cover sheet 3Ia is then given a coat of glue, and by use of the device 18 shown in Fig. 8 the liner members are affixed in proper aligned relation to the glued rear face of the cover sheet 3Ia. 7

It will be understood that the reference line X-X may have positions other than as shown in Fig. 7 coinciding with the inner edge of a joint. For example, as shown in Fig. 12, the reference line X'-X' may be at a distance R from the side guide edge 42 of a cover sheet 3Ib, such distance R being determined with reference to the dimensions of the book body to "be covered so that it will pass through the center of the back 7 liner 34a instead of along one edge of the back liner as disclosed in Fig. 7.

Where this practice of the invention is followed, an aligning device 1811 may be used in the manner shown in Fig. 12, this device 18a being the same as the device I8 shown in Fig. 8, with the exception that the shaft I06a thereof, which correspondsto the shaft I06 of Fig. 8, has a righthand threaded portion I40 and a left-hand threaded portion I M respectively engaging the hubs of the lever members H2 and III so that the joint defining bars I I1 and H6 will move together and apart on opposite sides of a locating projection 83a adapted to engage a notch 40ain the edge M of the cover sheet 3Ib. The liner members 32a, 33a, and 340. will be positioned in definite predetermined relation to the front guide edge M and the side guide edge 42 of the cover sheet 3Ib, owing to the fact that the members 9| of the device 18a are spaced. a distance L from the edge 82 of the plate 8|, and that the notch 40a establishes the reference line X-X at a predetermined distance R from the edge 42. Any deviation of the cover sheet 3Ib from an intended size thereof, as indicated by dotted lines I50 and 55!, will be compensated for without interfering with the proper marking of the cover sheet or the proper placing of liner members. Likewise, small deviations in the dimensions of the liner members 320, and 33a, as indicated by dotted lines 7 I53 and I54, will be in the edges of such liner members remote from the guides 8!, I I5, and Ill cover sheet having a notch in substantially the center of the head guide edge thereof, including: a support having a face to receive a cover sheet; guide means for positioning said cover sheet with its inner face exposed, said guide means having a head guide and a positioning member for engaging said notch when said cover sheet is in engagement with said head guide; and liner guide means mounted on said support, said liner guide means including a head liner guide operative in spaced relation to said head guide, and joint defining guides comprising a pair of members extending perpendicularly to said head guide and being adapted to receive a back liner .therebetween, there being means for adjusting said mem bers relatively together and apart while maintaining the same equidistant from said positioning member.

2. A device for positioning liner members on a cover sheet having a notch in substantiallythe center of the head guide edge thereof, including: a support having a face to receive a cover sheet;

. guide means for positioning said cover sheet with its inner face exposed, said guide means having a head guide and a positioning member for engaging said notch when said cover sheet is in engagement with said head guide; liner guide means mounted on said support, said liner guide means including a head liner guide operative in spaced relation to said head guide, and joint defining guides comprising a pair of members extending perpendicularly to said head guide and described for employment with a cover sheet having lettering on its outer face and a reference mark visible on its inner face at a predetermined position relative to the lettering, said apparatus including: a bed plate to receive said cover sheet; guide means to abut and align one edge of the cover sheet on the bed plate; a position indicator for registration with said reference mark to fix the position of the sheet along said guide means; a second guide means positioned to overhang the cover sheet and to abut edges of cover boards thereon; a pair of parallel guide arms positioned to extend centrally over said cover sheet and to abut edges of said cover boards thereon; and manual adjustment means operatively connected with said arms to simultaneously shift said arms towards or away from each other.

4. A book-cover making apparatus of the class described for employment with a cover sheet hav ing central lettering on its outer face and a central marginal reference mark, said apparatus including: a bed plate to receive said cover sheet; a guide means on said bed plate to abut and align one edge of the cover sheet; a position indicator for registration with said reference mark to fix the position of the sheet along said guide means; a second guide means positioned to overhang the cover sheet and to abut edges of cover boards thereon; a pair of parallel guide arms, one on each side of said position indicator, said arms being disposed to abut other edges of said cover boards to fix the positions of said boards along said second guide means; and manually operable control means for said arms adapted to shift the arms simultaneously towards or away from said position indicator.

5. A book-cover making apparatus of the class described for employment with a cover sheet having lettering on its outer face and a reference mark visible on its inner face at a predetermined position relative to the lettering, said apparatus including: a bed plate to receive said cover sheet; guide means to abut and align one edge of the cover sheet on the bed plate; a position indicator for registration with said reference mark to fix the position of the sheet along said guide means; a second guide means positioned to overhang the cover sheet and to abut edges. of cover boards thereon, said second guide means being movable towards and away from the bed plate to clamp said cover sheet thereagainst; a control member operatively connected with said second guide means; a pair of parallel guide arms positioned to extend centrally over said cover sheet and to abut edges of said cover boards thereon, said guide arms being movable towards and away from said bed plate and adjustable towards and away from each other; means to control the movement of said pair of arms towards and away from the bed plate; and manually operable adjustment means to move said arms simultaneously towards or away from each other.

6. A book-cover making apparatus of the class described for employment with a. cover sheet having lettering on its outer face and a notch in one edge at a predetermined position relative to the lettering, said apparatus including: a bed plate to receive said cover sheet; guide means to abut and align said notched edge of the cover sheet on the bed plate; a position indicator on the bed plate for registration with said notch to fix the position of the sheet along said guide means; a

second guide means positioned to overhang the cover sheet and to abut edges of said cover boards thereon; a pair of parallel guide arms positioned to extend centrally over said cover sheet and to abut edges of said cover boards thereon; and manual adjustment means operatively connected with said arms to simultaneously shift said arms towards or away from each other.

'7. A book-cover making apparatus of the class described for employment with a cover sheet having central lettering on its outer face and a notch in one edge in a central position relative to said lettering, said apparatus including: a bed plate to receive said cover sheet; a guide means on said bed plate to abut and align said notched edge of the cover sheet; a position indicator on the bed plate for registration with said notch to fix the position of the sheet along said guide means; a second guide means positioned to overhang the cover sheet and to abut edges of cover boards thereon; a pair of parallel guide arms, one on each side of said position indicator, said arms being disposed to abut other edges of said cover boards to fix the positions of said boards along said second guide means; and manually operable control means for said arms adapted to shift the arms simultaneously towards or away from said position indicator.

8. A device for positioning liner members on a cover sheet for a book cover, said cover sheet having a reference cut formed therein, said positioning device including: guide means for positioning said cover sheet with its inner face exposed, said guide means having a head guide to abut one edge of said cover sheet and a projection for engagement in said reference cut to determine the correct position of said cover sheet along said head guide, liner guide members adjustably supported; and means operative to bring said guide members into cooperative relation to the positioned cover sheet, so as to define on the inner face thereof positions for said liner members.

9. A device for positioning liner members on a cover sheet for a book cover, said cover sheet having a reference notch cut therein, said positioning device including: guide means for positioning said cover sheet with its inner face exposed, said guide means having a head guide to abut one edge of said cover sheet and a projection for engagement in said reference notch to determine the correct position of said cover sheet along said head guide; liner guide means adjustably supported, and means operative to bring said guide members into cooperative relation to the positioned cover sheet, so as to define on the inner face thereof positions for said liner members. 10. A device, for positioning liner members on a cover sheet for a book cover, said cover sheet having a reference recess formed therein, said positioning device comprising: a head guide to engage one edge of said cover sheet; a projection operatively arranged relatively to said head guide so that it extends into said reference recess, whereby said sheet may be positively positioned relatively to said head guide and constrained against parallel movement in either direction relative to said head guide; and liner guide means mounted on the positioning device for locating the position of liner members on said cover sheet.

WINFEED ELMO REAVIS.

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