US2149396A - Joint construction for concrete roads - Google Patents

Description

March 7, 1939. 5 KLE|N 2,149,396

JOINT CONSTRUCTION FOR CONCRETE ROADS Filed Dec. 20, 1954 3 Sheets-Sheet l Man W049 3 amuel/(lein March 7, 1939. 5 KLE|N JOINT CONSTRUCTION FOR CONCRETE ROADS 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Dec. 20, 1954 jdmuelrlein my rt March 7, 1939. 5 KLElN 2,149,396

JOINT CONSTRUCTION FOR CONCRETE ROADS Filed Dec. 20, 1934 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 jamael Klein I Patented Mar. 7, 1939 JOINT CNS'1'RUR0gI0N-F0R CONCRETE ADS ' Samuel Klein, Chicago, Ill., assignor to National Road Joint Manufacturing Company, Chicago.

111., a corporation of Illinois Application December 20, 1934. Serial No.- 758,458

.1 11 Claims. ('01. 94-18) This invention relates to means for forming transverse and longitudinal joints in concrete roads and is concerned with problems similar to those disclosed and claimed in my copending application 'Serial'78,845, filed May 9, 1936.

An object of the invention --is to'providean improved transverse'expansion joint form having permanent structural means therewith for maintaining clear the air space w th the oint form.

Another object is to provide a transverse ex-I pansion joint form comprising means -for permanently closing the ends of the form to prea clude entry of foreign material. into the space between the wall forms. v

Another object of the invention is to provide means for forming mastic road edge joints.

Another object of the invention is the provisionof a novel form of concrete road umt provided with/an expansible' joint and'having permanently associated therewith means for maintaining clear the air space of said joint. Another object is to provide a road joint construction comprising dowels having novel sup porting means-associated" therewith.

Another object is to provide a new form of end sleeve for concrete road dowels. v

Another object is to provide new forms of longitudinal construction joints both for full width and half width road construction.

Another object is to provide novelroad marking construction means. Another object is to provide simple and emcient-road construction means of the kind dc- I associated I between the ends of the concrete slabs associated spaced parallel adjacency.

novel structure associated with said end closing 22 of Fig. 1, the concrete normally associatedwith the transverse joint construction being shown as poured.

' Fig. 3 is a cross sectional view taken on'the 1ine 33 of Fig. 1. f

Fig. 41s a perspective view of the dowel supporting strip of this invention and of the strip supporting chair, the strip being shown fragmentally.

Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a modified form of the supporting chair.

Fig. 6 is across sectional view similar to th central portion of Fig. 3 and showing a modified form of the longitudinal joint channel means of this invention. r

Fig. '7 is a fragmental perspective view showing a transverse joint end closure, a portionof the usual road edge form being-shown in its relationship with said joint means.

Figs. 8 and 9 are fragmental views showing a modified form of the wall spacing means of the transverse expansion joint.

Fig. 10 is a fragmental elevational view of the transverse joint construction having associated therewith an end shoe.'

Fig. 11- is a fragmental plan view of the plate associated with-the joint forming means of this invention.

Fig. 12 is a cross sectional view taken on the line -42 of Fig. 11.

to preclude buckling of the road slabs upon expansion of the concrete.

.Heretofore, however, the maintenance of a so called air space between the ends of adjacent concrete slabs has been defeated by the entry of foreign material, such as gravel, mastic, bits ofconcrete, and the like, into said air space so that the latter ultimately has become filled up and the buckling above referred to, and the consequent injury of the road, have resulted. The present invention provides for the insertion of a permanent nonferrous plate slidably disposed in grooves provided in' the opposed edges of adjacent concrete slabs and extending'across the space between the slabs for maintaining thelatter permanently clear.

The stresses, tensions and strains that the plate is to be subject to may be accurately gauged" under modern methods and a plate of proportionate strength provided. The plate is slidably disposed in its grooves so as to afford room for expansion of the concrete slabs with which it is associated. Various other advantages, which obviate diflicultics heretofore experienced, are provided by this invention, such as the provision of yieldable wall spacing means which ofler no hindrance to proper expansion and contraction movements of the slabs; the provision of novel and permanent road marking means, etc.

With reference to the drawings: The transverse expansion joint form of this invention comprises a pair of walls and 2|, Fig. 2, adapted to provide end forms for adjacent concrete slabs. The walls alongtheir bottom edges are formed with double interfitting flanges 22 and 23 for holding the walls in upright position. -The walls are yieldably held in spaced adjacency by means of a plurality of depressed portions 24 projecting toward one another in pairs and having their apexes suitably connected together, as at 25, such as by spot welding. The depressed portions on one of the walls are covered, on the outer face of said wall, by a suitable cover member 25 which may be in the form of a plate provided with outwardly depressed portions 21 similar to those of the wall member and adapted to be positioned directly outside of the associated depressed portions 24 and 25 for maintaining said wall depressions, and a space therebehind, empty of concrete, as seen in Fig. 2.

The walls 20 and 2|, adjacent their tops, are formed to provide a pair of opposed groove members 28 and 29 extending longitudinally of the walls and into the slab ends to provide opposed shelves for supporting a plate such as 32. The extreme top edge portions of the walls are formed inwardly above said groove members to provide a restricted way 30 and the top edges of the walls may be turned outwardly to form key or looking flanges 3|.

A permanent non-ferrous plate 32 is slidably positioned in the groove members 28 and 29 and is adapted to extend across the space between the walls 20 and 2| for maintaining clear the space beneath the plate. This plate has associated therewith means for spacing the body of the plate from the sides of the groove members. These means may comprise indentations 33 formed in the groove members 28 and 29 and bearing against the positioned plate 32. In addition to these means, the plate itself may be formed with laterally projecting cars 34, (Figs. I1

and 12) provided at intervals along the plate and adapted to contact the sides of the groove members to space the plate body therefrom. The ears 34 may be conveniently formed by a stamping operation.

An inverted channel member 35 is adapted to be snugly received in the restricted way 30 provided at the top of the walls. The upper surface of the channel is adapted to extend in the same plane as the road surface and the bottom edges of said channel may rest upon the positioned plate 32.

The end closure means associated with the walls 20 and 2| comprise, as seen in Figs. 7 and 10, a pair of vertical opposed groove members 36 which may be integral with the walls 28 and 2| and which are formed similarly to the horizontal groove members already described, including the extreme end edge portions 37 which form a vertical restricted passage. The horizontal and vertical groove members may connect and communicate with one another as indicated in Fig. 10, but in Fig.7 the corner portions of these groove members are shown as broken away to reveal the vertical plate 38 slldably disposed in the groove members 38 in the same manner as the plate 32'is positioned. Vertical plate 38 may be an integral right angle extension of the plate 32. The same form of means, including the indentations and ears above described may be utilized for spacing the plate 38 from the sides of its groove members.

The horizontal channel member 35 may be connected, such as by spot welding 39 (Fig. 7) with a vertical channel member 40 which is receivable between the portions 31 of the vertical closure means and in contact against the plate 38. The top of the vertical channel member 40 is formed with a notch 4| within which a small closure plate 42 may be inserted. A cap 43 is adapted to be positioned over the notch 4| for a purpose to be later described.

When the wall structure above disclosed is to be operatively positioned, the walls are set up and preferably retained in position by suitable stakes 44 (Figs. 1 and 2) which contact the wall members laterally thereof. As will be later described, the concrete is adapted to be poured up to the level of the top of channel member 35, the usual road edge form 45 (Figs. 1 and 7) being provided at the end of the transverse joint means. It will be seen that the horizontal and vertical groove members are adapted to form grooves in the concrete so that, after a long period of time, should all the remaining portions of the transverse expansion form disintegrate or corrode, the permanent structural plates 32 and 38 will yet be positioned in the grooves of the concrete and continue to perform their function of excluding foreign material from the expansion space between the adjacent slabs of concrete. It will further be seen in Fig. 2 that the uncovered depressed portions 24 of the wall 28 become filled with concrete whereas the similar members of the opposite wall are maintained empty and are crushable by the associated filled depressed members when the concrete expands whereby any interference with such expansion movement is obviated. As above indicated, the channel members 35 and 40 are positioned before the pouring. of the concrete. After initial hardening of the latter, the channel members are removed and the resultant road surface and road edge channels are filled withmastic or similar joint forming media. The mastic flows down into groove members 28, 28, and 36 and seals the edges of the positioned plates 32 and 38, so that, in reality, the expansion space between the walls 20 and 2| are waterproof as well as proof against the entry of dirt, gravel, and the like. It may be here remarked that the permanent structural plates 32 and 33 permit of worn mastic being scraped out of the joints of the channels so that fresh mastic may be poured in.

With reference to Fig. 7 it may now be explained that the notch 4| at the top of the end channel 40 is adapted to permit the passage of the wheel flange of the usual road machinery which is moved along the roadway after the concrete has been poured, the wheel running on the top edge of the road edge form 45. The cap 43 is removed to permit the passage of the wheel and is replaced immediately thereafter, as indicated by the small arrow in connection with the cap in Fig. 7. The lower portions of the cap are snugly receivable between the extremity portions of the wall members. It will be noted that the outer edge of the vertical channel member 40 is slightly spaced from the road edge form 45. A slight quantity of concrete enters between this edge and the road edge form and is denoted as the "mastic closure. This small quantity of concrete readily crushes and shears out duringthe initial expansion of the associated road slabs.

Further reference will now be made to Fig. 10

for the purpose of explainingthat the present invention provides for the optional use, in con-v joints, a plurality of dowels which assist in maintaining equal levels of the adjacent road slabs. .In Figs. 1 and 2, these dowels are shown at 46. They project through suitable sleeves 41 in the walls 20 and 2|. These sleeves are of weakened material which provides no obstacle to the expansion of the walls. tained in parallel relationship with the subgrade and pavement axis and'for this purpose there are provided at the outer ends of the dowels, accord ing to this invention,transversely extending support strips 48 which may be of right angle form as shown. The strips 48 may be provided at intervals with upwardly struck lugs 49 (Fig. 4) and these lugs may be bent toward one another adjacent their tops so as to snugly engage the ends of the dowels, In, order that the dowels will not befixed in place so as to be precluded from movement during expansion of the slabs, one end of each dowel may be provided with a sleeve 50 (Figs. 1 and 13). Each sleeve 50 hasone closed end and its sides may be slotted as shown at 5|.

to permit of expansion of the lateral portions of the sleeve. An inverted thimble member 52 may be positioned inside the sleeve and against which the end of the associated dowel may contact.

The thimble is crushable against the closed end of the sleeve during longitudinal movement of the central portions of the sleeves may be provided with a plurality of longitudinally slitted sections 8| which, at the time of installation, lie in the same plane as the end portions of the sleeves,

but which, upon expansion of the concrete slabs, are adapted to buckle outwardly as illustrated in Fig. 9, whereby interference with such expansion and with the resultant movement of the dowels 46, is precluded.

For upholding the support strips 48- there are provided according to this invention, a plurality of chairs. The strips 48 on oneside of the expansion form is adapted to be supported by the type of chair seen in Fig. 4; This consists of a sheet of 'metal bent upon itself at substantial rightangles and set upright to provide a pair of legs 53. The bottom edge portions of the legs may be formed into flanges for providing feet .54. The

The dowels must be mainupper edges of the legs. 53 may be notched as at 55 for the reception of a support strip'48, the material of said notches being'preferably bent down as at 56 whereby seats for the strip 48'are formed.

The chairs of this type are the ones initially positioned andare adapted to assume anjinterfitting or interlocking relationship with the associated support strip 48. The chairs may, alternatively,

Since theopposite support strip, after positioning of the first one as described, is preferably not raised, there may be provided in accordancewith this invention a modifiedform of support chair 51, seen in'Fig'. 5. This chairls formedsimilarly to the one described except that the greater portions of the top edges of the leg members, are bent down to provide the seats 58, the outer ex tremity of each of these edges being-formed with the upward extension 59. It is apparent that 7 these chairs may be slidably inserted beneath the support strip they are intended to uphold, the extensions 59 serving as stops for limiting such insertion.

pansion' joint means already described likewise provides for novel forms of longitudinal joint means whichare illustrated in Figs. 1, 3, and 6. In Fig. 3 is seen thetype of longitudinal joint form which is. adapted to be utilized with full road width construction, that is, when a full width of road and, the concrete therefor is positioned at one time. The form comprises a wall 62 which is preferably of irregularformation, such as zigzag, in cross section so that the concrete slabs formed against the wall interlock to preclude buckling of the slabs. The wall 62 is formed with a bottom flange or foot 63. Astrengthening strip -'l9 may be secured'vertically .to the wall 62 at intervals. At the top, the wall has means associated therewith for forming a longitudinally extending way 64. These means may comprise the outwardlyandupwardlybent section 65 of the wall the wall, adjacent the top-thereof. A pair .of

inwardly directed opposed beads 61 are preferably formed in the way 64 and beneath which beads a permanent plate 68 of nonferrous material is posi-' tioned. The way 64 is adapted to receive an inverted channel'member 69 which is positioned prior to the pouring of the concrete and subsea longitudinal road surface channel adaptedfor the reception of road marking mastic or the like.

It is apparent in Fig. 3 that the plate 68 extends transversely of the wall 62 and of the concrete joint formed by this wall whereby the entry of any foreign material into the joint is precluded by the plate; The road surface channel resulting after removal of a channel member 69' from the set chinery wheel, in a manner previously suggested.

- Similarly to the plate of the transverse joint, the

plate 68 permits the'mastic in the road surface channel to be-scraped out and replaced without generally to-the wall 62' and which may be strengthened atintervals by suitable strips ll.

be shop welded to the associated support strips.

concrete permitsi'the passage of the road ma- The way 12 and plate I3 are likewise similar in form and function to those describedin connection with Fig. 3. The channel member 14, however, may be formed with double flange sides 15 which are adapted to frictionally engage the lateral portions of the way 12. Between the double flange sides I5, there is provided the enlarged groove adapted to accommodate and permit passage of the flange of the road machinery. It may be explained, that in the half road width construction here under consideration, the usual road edge form 45 is positioned centrally of the roadway so as to give support to the road machinery wheels and to the initially formed concrete slab. Accordingly, it is necessary to provide the modifled type of channel means just described in order to accommodate the machinery wheel and to prevent the entry of foreign material into the way 12. When both halves of the road have been poured, the channel member 14 is removed and the resultant road surface channel filled with mastic.

The dowel 16, Fig. 6, it may be explained incidentally, is bent and inserted into the ground at one end as at 11 and into parallelism with the form 45, as at 18. Before the concrete is poured, theend I1- is bent up into its proper horizontal position, and after the removal of the form 45 the end 18 is bent outwardly to be incorporated in the adjacent concrete slab to be poured.

It will be seen in Fig. 1 that the longitudinal joint may likewise have the dowels and associated support strips and chairs associated therewith similarly to the transverse expansion joint, as already described in connection with the latter.

With further reference to Fig. 2, it will be seen that the interfltting bottom flanges 22 and 23 may be formed to accommodate a closure or sealing strip 83 (shown in dotted lines) which may be of copper and which permanently precludes entry of foreign matter between the walls 202l, at the bottom, it being understood that said flanges, alone, provide an overlapped sliding arrangement for preventing such entry while the subgrade and slabs are reaching equilibrium. Moreover, if mastic sealing, similar to that disclosed at the wall tops and ends, is desired, the same kind of construction at the bottom may be used, with a precast mastic mold.

In connection with Fig. 1, it may be pointed out that an eificient manner of assuring parallelism of the dowels 46 with the axis of the pavement is to provide the dowel support strips 48 of such length as to fit snugly between the road rails or forms.

Finally, it is obvious that if it should be desirable in a given construction, such as a multi-lane highway, to utilize the transverse expansion joint means herein disclosed as longitudinal joints, such use and construction would fall well within the purview and scope of the present invention, as well as other modifications that readily suggest themselves upon consideration of the means herein disclosed.

What is claimed is:

1. A transverse expansion joint form for concrete roads and comprising a pair of walls disposed in parallel spaced adjacency, means associated with the walls for forming a mastic road surface joint and for maintaining clear the space between the walls below said joint, and means for forming an end joint contiguous with said road surface joint, the end joint means comprising a pair of vertical opposed groove members adjacent the ends of said walls, a plate receivable in the grooves of said groove members and closing the space between said walls at their ends for precluding entry of foreign material past said plate into said space, and anend joint form adapted to be received between the extreme ends of the walls in contact against said plate.

2. A transverse expansion joint form for concrete roads and comprising a pair of walls disposed in parallel spaced adjacency, a pair of opposed longitudinally extending groove members provided adjacent the top of the walls, a similar pair of opposed vertically extending groove members provided adjacent the ends of the walls and connecting and communicating with the longitudinal groove members, a continuous plate receivable in the grooves of said groove members and closing the space between the walls for maintaining clear the space under the plate, and an inverted channel form receivable between the extreme top and end portions of the walls outside said plate and adapted to form road edge and surface channels for the reception of joint-forming mastic.

3. A transverse expansion joint form for concrete roads and comprising a pair of walls'disposed in parallel spaced adjacency, means associated with the walls for forming a mastic road surface joint and for maintaining clear the space between the walls below said joint, and means for forming an end joint contiguous with said road surface joint, the end joint means comprising a pair of vertical opposed groove members adjacent the ends of said walls, a plate receivable in the grooves of said groove members and closing the space between said walls at their ends for precluding entry of foreign material past said plate into said space, an end joint form adapted to be received between the extreme ends of the walls in contact against said plate; said end joint form being provided at the top with a notch adapted to accommodate and permit passage of the rim of a road machinery wheel, and a cap adapted to cover said notched portion and to be positioned after passage of said wheel.

4. In a concrete joint unit, the combination of a pair of road slabs disposed in slightly spaced end-to-end relationship and provided in their opposed edges with a pair of opposed grooves extending longitudinally of said edges adjacent the top surface of the slabs, said slab edges being likewise provided adjacent the sides of the slabs with a pair of opposed vertical grooves communicating with said longitudinal grooves, and a continuous plate comprising an elongated section receivable in said longitudinal grooves and a short section receivable in said vertical grooves, said plate forming with the slab edges a road surface channel and a road edge channel for receiving joint-forming mastic, said plate maintaining clear the space between the slabs under the plate.

5. In a transverse expansion joint for concrete roads, a pair of oppositely disposed walls each formed with a plurality of spaced depressed portions projecting toward and connected to the like portions of the opposite wall for holding the walls in spaced adjacency to provide end forms for adjacent concrete slabs, and hollow outwardly projecting cover members disposed on the outer face of one of the walls and covering the depressed portions thereof for maintaining concrete-free areas therebehind, the concrete-filled depressed portions of the opposite wall being adapted, upon expansion of the concrete slabs, to crush said empty depressed portions and enter said tree areas to permit expansion movement oi the walls.

6. The combination with a transverse expansion joint unit for concrete. roads and comprising a pair of oppositely disposed walls and-dowels associated therewith, of a plurality of short tubes attached to and extending between and through the walls providing sleeves for slidable reception of the dowels, said tubes being formed with central weakened portions rendering the tubes collapsible to provide for unhindered expansion of the concrete slabs associated with the unit, and means for maintaining said walls in spaced relationship, and comprising a plurality of integral inwardly depressed buttons on each wall, said buttons being in pairs connected together, and an outer plate covering the depressions of one wall, to form confined air spaces into which the buttons of the other wall may enter upon crushing of the buttons which form said spaces.

'7. In a transverse road expansion joint unit, the combination of wall means providing end forms for adjacent concrete slabs, dowels projecting through the wall means at intervals, a pair oi! support strips extendingtransversely of the dowels at opposite ends thereof, means on the strips for engaging the ends of the dowels, and means to support said strips for holding the dowels parallel with the road surface, said means comprising a series of chair members associated in interlocking relationship with one of the support strips, and a second series of chair members designed to be slidably inserted beneath the other strip after positioning of said first series.

8. A longitudinal joint structure iorhalf width concrete road construction and comprising a wall form, means at the top of the wall providing a longitudinally extending way, a plate disposed in said way and extending transversely oi! the wall and the concrete joint formed thereby, and a channel member asociated with and covering said way, the channel member providing a road surface depression for receiving and permitting pas sage of the wheel flange of road'machinery, said member further forming with said plate a road surface channel adapted, after removal of the channel member, to receive mastic or other road marking media, and said plate maintaining clear said joint upon contraction of the concrete.

9. An end sleeve for concrete road dowels and consisting of a tubular member closed at one end and slotted laterallyto provide for expansion of the sides, and an inverted thimble member receivable in the sleeve and crushable in the closed end thereof upon longitudinal movement of the dowel with which the sleeve is associated.

10. In a spacer form for positioning between adjacent concrete slabs in the process of formation, the combination of three sheets of material, two of the sheets each having a face of one in contact upon a face of the other and each having a plurality of registering buttons formed therein and projecting outwardly from said contacting sheets whereby to provide a plurality of hollow chambers between the sheets, and the third sheet having similar buttons formed therein and having said buttons held in contact with the buttons of one of the said two sheets having their faces in contact, whereby to space the third sheet from said two sheets and whereby, upon formation of concrete slabs at opposite sides of said assembled three sheets, registering concrete buttons and pockets therefor are formed in spaced relation in the adjacent concrete slabs.

11. A transverse expansion joint form for concrete roads and comprising a pair of walls disposed inparallel spaced adjacency, a pair of opposed longitudinally extending groove members provided adjacent the top of the walls, a similar pair of opposed vertically extending groove members provided adjacent the ends of the walls and connecting and communicating with the longitudinal groove members, an integral continuous plate receivable in the grooves of said groove members and closing the space between the walls for maintaining clear the space under the plate,

an inverted channel form receivable between the extreme top and end portions of the walls outside said plate and adapted to form road edge and surface channels for the reception of joint-forming mastic, and a sealing strip closing the space between the walls at the bottom thereof.

SAMUEL

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