US2135254A - Copper alloys - Google Patents
Copper alloys Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2135254A US2135254A US220007A US22000738A US2135254A US 2135254 A US2135254 A US 2135254A US 220007 A US220007 A US 220007A US 22000738 A US22000738 A US 22000738A US 2135254 A US2135254 A US 2135254A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- alloys
- copper
- alloy
- cadmium
- cobalt
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- VGXRLSBXHVNLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cd].[Co].[Cu] Chemical compound [Cd].[Co].[Cu] VGXRLSBXHVNLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000925 Cd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002058 ternary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/06—Alloys based on copper with nickel or cobalt as the next major constituent
Definitions
- This invention relates to alloys and more particularly to copper alloys of improved characteristics.
- Another object is to produce a copper-cadmium-cobalt alloy, having a high wear resistance.
- the present invention comprises a combination of elements, methods of manufacture and the product thereof, brought out and exemplified in the disclosure hereinafter set forth, the scope of the invention being indicated in the appended claims.
- an alloy is made containing copper, cadmium and cobalt, plus beryllium, in the following proportions:
- copper-cadmium-cobalt alloys containing small proportions of silver, zinc, tin, calcium, lithium, iron, nickel and manganese, can be improved by the addition of compound-forming element beryllium in substantially the proportions indicated above.
- the alloy can be made according to standard alloying methods. Thus, analloy of copper and .tween 400 to 600 degrees C. Thisheat treatment alloy hasbeen prepared according to these standard methods, the heat treatment may be carried out as follows:
- the second heat treat- 50 .ment which is generally known as the aging treatment.
- the materials made in accordance with the present invention were tested for con-- tact resistance after being operated as contactor contacts. It was found that the contact resistelectric machines.
- the tensile properties of alloys containing cadmium, ranging from 0.25 to 1%; cobalt, from 0.5 to 5%; and beryllium, ranging from 0.3 to 1%, will reach values of 90,000 to 110,000 p. s. i., with an elongation of 10% or better, measured in 2 inches.
- the alloys also have very fine grain structure, which improves the physical properties.
Description
Patented Nov. 1, 1 938 UNITED STATES PATENTIOFFICE, 42,135,254 I.
COPPER ALLOYS No Drawing. Original application'September 15,
1937, Serial No. 164,038.
Divided and this application July 19, 1938, Serial No. 220,007
2 Claims.
This invention relates to alloys and more particularly to copper alloys of improved characteristics.- 1
The present application is a division of our co-pending application, Serial Number 164,038, filed September 15, 1937.
An object of the invention is to produce an improved copper base alloy.
Another object is to produce a copper-cadmium-cobalt alloy, having a high wear resistance.
Other objects-of the invention will be apparent from the following description taken in connection with the appended claims.
The present invention comprises a combination of elements, methods of manufacture and the product thereof, brought out and exemplified in the disclosure hereinafter set forth, the scope of the invention being indicated in the appended claims.
-While a preferred embodiment of the invention is described herein, it is contemplated that considerable variation may be made in the method of procedure and .the combination of elements without departing from the spirit of the invention.
According to the present invention, coppercobalt-cadmium are improved by the addition of beryllium, which tends to produce an intermetallic compound with the base-forming element present in the alloy; namely, cobalt. By means of the formation of an intermetallic compound, the ternary copper-cobalt-cadmium alloys can be made of greater hardness, which hardness is. also being retained at high temperatures.
According to the preferred method of carrying out the present invention,an alloy is made containing copper, cadmium and cobalt, plus beryllium, in the following proportions:
Percent Cadmium 0.1 to 10 Cobalt 0.1 to 10 Beryllium 0.01 to 5 Copper Balance.
It is possible likewise to improve the characteristics of other copper-cadmium-cobalt alloys con taining small percentages of additional ingredients, by the addition of the above-mentioned compound-forming element. Thus, copper-cadmium-cobalt alloys, containing small proportions of silver, zinc, tin, calcium, lithium, iron, nickel and manganese, can be improved by the addition of compound-forming element beryllium in substantially the proportions indicated above.
The alloy can be made according to standard alloying methods. Thus, analloy of copper and .tween 400 to 600 degrees C. Thisheat treatment alloy hasbeen prepared according to these standard methods, the heat treatment may be carried out as follows:
Thealloy is raised in temperature to above 700 degrees C. and preferably to a temperature in the'order of 800 to 1,000 degrees C. The alloy is then quenched from this high temperature and subsequently aged at a temperature below 700 degrees-C. and preferably in the range beresults in a considerable improvement of hardness in the alloy and hardness'values can be reached exceeding Rockwell, B. Another remarkable effect of the heat treatment is a marked 25 improvement in the electrical conductivity. .With some alloy combinations within the percentage range given above, a conductivity of 65% of that of pure copper has been obtained.
1 This alloy is therefore well suited for use at comparatively high temperatures, since the hardness and electrical conductivity are maintained for indefinite periods at the aging temperatures indicated above. Heat treated alloys,'with or without cold working, will retain their-properties at a temperature of 450 degrees 0., almost indefinitely. I
' Alloys which are intended for casting purposes have a preferred cadmium content of from 0.5 to 5%, while in alloys which are intended for further cold or hot working, the maximum cadmium content should be 1.5%. The material in the cast condition has a fairly high'hardness of 40 to 60 Rockwell B. This hardness can be increased by the aging treatment described above. 45 Instead of giving both treatments to the casting,
it is also possible to eliminate the quenching treatment, because the material usually gets partly chilled during the casting process and all that is necessary is. to apply the second heat treat- 50 .ment, which is generally known as the aging treatment. The materials made in accordance with the present invention were tested for con-- tact resistance after being operated as contactor contacts. It was found that the contact resistelectric machines.
suitable for welding electrode tips and welding ance remained very low during long periods of operation, the combined presence of cadmium and cobalt being responsible for the oxide oi low resistivity, while the compound forming element produced a mechanical hardness which gave the material a wear resistance superior to that of the ternary alloy of copper, cobalt, and cadmium.
The tensile properties of alloys containing cadmium, ranging from 0.25 to 1%; cobalt, from 0.5 to 5%; and beryllium, ranging from 0.3 to 1%, will reach values of 90,000 to 110,000 p. s. i., with an elongation of 10% or better, measured in 2 inches. The alloys also have very fine grain structure, which improves the physical properties.
The alloys prepared, as indicated above, are well suited for the manufacture of castings, such as commutator segments or collector rings'for In addition, these alloys are 0 wheels.
alloys is in the manufacture of a material, which must be resistant to atmospheric corrosion and to electrical erosion. The materials can also be used for parts where high thermal conductivity with high strength, are needed.
While the present invention as to its objects and advantages has been described herein, as
' the balance copper.
2. An alloy containing 0.25 to 1% cadmium, 0.5 to 5%- cobalt, 0.3 to 1% beryllium and the balance copper, said alloy having high tensile strength and fine grain structure.
' FRANZ R. HENSEL.
EARL I. LARSEN.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US220007A US2135254A (en) | 1937-09-15 | 1938-07-19 | Copper alloys |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US164038A US2130737A (en) | 1937-09-15 | 1937-09-15 | Copper alloy |
US220007A US2135254A (en) | 1937-09-15 | 1938-07-19 | Copper alloys |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2135254A true US2135254A (en) | 1938-11-01 |
Family
ID=26860199
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US220007A Expired - Lifetime US2135254A (en) | 1937-09-15 | 1938-07-19 | Copper alloys |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2135254A (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3172762A (en) * | 1965-03-09 | Oxygen-free copper base alloy contain- | ||
US4260008A (en) * | 1979-05-30 | 1981-04-07 | Asarco Incorporated | Side dam apparatus for use in twin-belt continuous casting machines |
US4565586A (en) * | 1984-06-22 | 1986-01-21 | Brush Wellman Inc. | Processing of copper alloys |
-
1938
- 1938-07-19 US US220007A patent/US2135254A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3172762A (en) * | 1965-03-09 | Oxygen-free copper base alloy contain- | ||
US4260008A (en) * | 1979-05-30 | 1981-04-07 | Asarco Incorporated | Side dam apparatus for use in twin-belt continuous casting machines |
US4565586A (en) * | 1984-06-22 | 1986-01-21 | Brush Wellman Inc. | Processing of copper alloys |
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