US2132946A - Electron discharge device - Google Patents

Electron discharge device Download PDF

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Publication number
US2132946A
US2132946A US107917A US10791736A US2132946A US 2132946 A US2132946 A US 2132946A US 107917 A US107917 A US 107917A US 10791736 A US10791736 A US 10791736A US 2132946 A US2132946 A US 2132946A
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United States
Prior art keywords
anodes
cathode
auxiliary electrodes
auxiliary
electrodes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US107917A
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English (en)
Inventor
Fritz Karl
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Telefunken AG
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Telefunken AG
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Publication date
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B9/00—Generation of oscillations using transit-time effects
    • H03B9/01—Generation of oscillations using transit-time effects using discharge tubes
    • H03B9/10—Generation of oscillations using transit-time effects using discharge tubes using a magnetron
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/50—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
    • H01J25/52—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field with an electron space having a shape that does not prevent any electron from moving completely around the cathode or guide electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03C—MODULATION
    • H03C1/00—Amplitude modulation
    • H03C1/28—Amplitude modulation by means of transit-time tube
    • H03C1/30—Amplitude modulation by means of transit-time tube by means of a magnetron
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F1/08—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce detrimental influences of internal impedances of amplifying elements
    • H03F1/14—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce detrimental influences of internal impedances of amplifying elements by use of neutralising means
    • H03F1/16—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce detrimental influences of internal impedances of amplifying elements by use of neutralising means in discharge-tube amplifiers

Definitions

  • My invention relates to electron discharge devices more particularly to magnetrons in which the electron flow from the cathode to the anode is subjected to the action of a magnetic field.
  • Themounting of the discharge system, especiallythe shaping and positioning of the electrodes in the present invention is based upon novel viewpoints, which take into proper consideration the paths which the electrons: travel subject 'to to the axis of the system;
  • the purpose of the invention is the production of a greater working slope in' order that smaller control or -modula-' tion powers may be made to 'sufiice in practice-
  • magnetroni tubes which are furnished" with arcuate anodes placed concentrically with reference to the cathode
  • auxiliary electrodes "of similar form maybe” mounted in the 'gapsbetween the anodes so that both kinds of electrode come to beplaced on a circular cylinde'r' andwill be at the same distance from the cathode as from the anode.
  • auxiliary electrodes are mounted outside the said imaginary circular cylinden-
  • the effect of the auxiliary .jelectrodes may be madeas great as possible they are mi lilte the action, of a magnetic field extending parallel edinside an area which, when viewing,a section at right. angles to the cathode,'is bounded on the one hand by the circle about the cathode, and, on the other'hand, by the anodes or their extensions.
  • The'magnetron arrangement according to the invention is preferably so made that (1) the anodes (the workingelectrodes) are disposed upon the sides of a parallelepiped, and that, (2) the axially directed magnetic field and the operating potentials are so chosen that the electrons on their'trajectories or paths about the centrally positioned cathode roughly are tangent to the anodes; and that (-3)- the auxiliary electrodes are providedat those points of the discharge system which are devoidof circulating electrons or nearlyso.
  • the dischargespace proper may be regarded as onlyinthe interior of the imaginary cylinder which; must 'be conceived as the pathboundary of the circulating electrons. -However, owing to theiact that the auxiliary electrodes come closer to the discharge area or region the electrons will fbe subjected more markedly than heretofore by the electrical auxiliary fields.
  • control or modulation fields which must be made available are smaller, i. e., the slope of the characteristic is steeper, where J1-J2 is the amplitudediflerence of the component. anode currentswhen subject to the action of a control potential U. 1 1
  • Figs. 1 to 6 inclusive are diagrammatic transverse sections, of different forms of electron discharge devices embodying my invention
  • Fig. 7 is a diagram of a circuit including an I electron discharge-device made a a ins my nt pn- In Figs. 1 to 'Iiare shotrn exemplified embodiments of the basic idea of this invention.
  • I electron discharge-device made a a ins my nt pn- In Figs. 1 to 'Iiare shotrn exemplified embodiments of the basic idea of this invention.
  • the anodes for anode segments A are disposed 7, along the sides of a quadrangle.
  • the circle about the cathode K with radius Ta indicates the points beyond which the electrons will be unable to travel, provided thatthe magnetic field is suithas been made of a suitable value.
  • the anode portions 'A of the anodes which are in positions posterior in reference to the auxiliary electrodes H, are shortened sofast'o diminish capacitance between themi A5 a matter of fact, these particular portions of the plates may be dispensed with'inasmuch as they do not produce any appreciable effect upon the discharge process and action owing to the shielding set up by the auxiliary electrodes H.
  • the auxile anywayy electrodes themselves may be made of any desired form at all.
  • Fig.3 shows the sectionlaid through a rectangular electrode system.
  • the anodes A are located upon the long sides and the auxiliary electrodes H on the short sides of a rectangle.
  • the anodes of the magnetrontube need not be of planar configuration, but they may be made ofany desired forms. The only factor which'is important is that the anodes'should not entirei y come eloseto the boundary cylinder aroundtl ie cathode, but should-at some places be spaced ing of"the"a uxiliary electrodes. p a
  • Fig. 4 shows an it exemplified embodiment in which the anodes A udiich touch the circle about the 'cathodealongfa" medium line, are not made therefrom in order to afford room'for the mountplanar or flat; but so shaped that the parts'of the anode located" at both sides of the tangent point are "replicas? of one another. I Ifthe auxiliary electrodes are moved out on the" anode surface, there" results a construction as shown by way of exampiein Fig. 5.
  • the anodes are flat and planar, and they touch the circle described about the cathode at one lateral edge;
  • the auxiliaryelectrodes are positioned in the extended planes of the surface of the anodes, the tangent being the edge of the anodes.
  • any undesired current control action by the anodes upon the auxiliary electrodes readily preventable; for instance, the auxiliary electrodes H4 can be operated at a D. C. lakeage about lO to 20 percent lower'than the'anode R c-Folia v
  • the felectronic decoupling of the anodes and the control electrodes could be further as sisted tend parallel. to the cathode K.
  • the anode potential Us. and the magnetic field are so chosen that the 'major'part of the electrons on their paths or orbits will just about skirt the anodeA,
  • auxiliary electrodes H Fig. shows a tube which is similar to thatv are mounted remain free from electrons, or
  • the auxiliary electrodes H are preferably impressed with a positiire potential Uh for biasing, and this potential will usually be less than the anode potential.
  • This auxiliary electrode potential may be superposed upon the master'potential, the modulation potential, or the incoming (signal) potential, etc. z
  • the microphone *M may be replaced by a telephone receiver or an A. F. amplifier, or else. if an intermediate circuit is provided; an I. amplifier.
  • the RF voltages; which are picked up by antenna E coupled to circuit F connected between the anodes A are superposed upon the anodes A; theanode system serving primarily for regeneration. Rectification itself is practically efiected only, by'the,,aid' of the auxiliary-eiectrodes H.
  • the working conditions that is to say, mag-' netic field and biasing potential of the auxiliary electrodes and anodes are preferably so chosen that the auxiliary electrodes, in the absence of incoming or signal voltages, absorb only a small current or no current at all.
  • the auxiliary electrode current rises roughly in direct proportion to the upon it asupersonic variation or super-regenerative bias volt so that the anode system will oscillate between the incipiency'and discontinuance of oscillations, provided the working point has been suitably chosen.
  • a rectifier action is noted in the auxiliary electrodecireuit as described above. However, this does not mean that the biasingfrequency may not be applied to the auxiliary electrodes, if desired.
  • the basic idea of the invention is not confined to the embodiments here indicated by way of example.
  • the anodes may be made of any desired form provided. that at some localpoints they are so far spaced fl'QIIli thG cathode that between them and the-cathode there remain a suitable number of places free from electrons suited to accommodate the auxiliary electrodes.
  • the various auxiliary electrodes may also be impressed with RF control potentials which are shifted in their phase relations as in a transmitter amplifier.
  • the modulation voltages need not exclusively be applied to the auxiliary electrodes, in fact, recourse could be had to a combination modulation in'which upon the anode potential and the auxiliary electrode potential modulation waves are superposed in phase or in phase opposition.
  • An electron discharge device having an envelope containing a straight cathode, a plurality of anodes surrounding and parallel to said cathode, and auxiliary electrodes positioned between said anodes, said anodes touching the surface of an imaginary cylinder having said cathode as its axis, said auxiliary electrodes lying outside of said imaginary cylinder and meansforproducing a magnetic field parallel to said cathode.
  • An electron discharge device having an en'- velope containing a straight cathode, a plurality of anodes surrounding and parallel to said cathode, and auxiliary electrodes positioned between said anodes, said anodes having a portion touchbounded by the anodes or their extensions, and
  • An electron discharge device having an envelope containing a straight cathode, a plurality of anodes surrounding and parallel to said cath-.
  • auxiliary electrodes positioned between said anodes and parallel tosaid cathode, said anodes touching the surface of an imaginary. cylinder having said cathode as an axis, said auxiliary electrodes lying outside of said imaginary cylinder, said anodes and said electrodes forming an enclosure about said cathode, and means for producing a magnetic field parallel to said cathode.
  • An electron discharge device having, an envelope containing a straight cathode, a plurality of fiat anodes surrounding and parallel to said cathode, said anodes being tangent at their midpoint to the surface of an imaginary, cylinder having the cathode as an axis, and auxiliary electrodes positionedbetweensaid anodes and lying outside of said imaginary cylinder, and means for producing a magnetic field parallel to said cathode.
  • An electron discharge device having an envelope containing a straight cathode, a plurality of flat rectangular anodes surrounding and parallel to said cathode and touching the surface of an imaginary cylinder having the cathode as an axis, said anodes forming a rectangle about said cathode, and auxiliary electrodes positioned between said anodes and outside of said imaginary cylinder in the corners of said rectangle, and
  • An electron discharge device having an envelope containing a straight cathode, a plurality of anodes surrounding and parallel to said cathode, and auxiliary electrodes positioned between said anodes, said anodes touching the surface of an imaginary cylinder having said cathode as its axis, said auxiliary electrodes lying outside of said imaginary cylinder and means for producing a magnetic field parallel to said cathode, a source of voltage connected between said anodes and said cathode, and a source of voltage connected between said cathode and said auxiliary electrodes, said voltages and magnetic field being so chosen that the electron paths do not extend beyond the surfaces of the imaginary cylinder whereby saidauxiliaryelectrodes lie in spaces substantially free from electrons.
  • An electron discharge device having an envelopecontaining a straight cathode, a plurality of anodes surrounding and parallel to said cathode, and auxiliary electrodes positioned between said anodes, said anodes touching the surface of an imaginary cylinder having said cathode as its axis, said auxiliary electrodes lying outside of said imaginary cylinder and means for producing a magnetic field parallel to said cathode, a
  • An electron dischargedevice having an envelope containing a straight cathode, a plurality of anodes surrounding and parallel to said cathode, and auxiliary electrodes positioned between said anodes, said anodes touching the surface of an imaginary cylinder having said cathoutside of said imaginary cylinder and means for producing a'magnetic field parallel to said cathode, a source of voltage connected between cylinder whereby said auxiliary electrodes lie in spaces substantially free from electrons, a circuit connected between said anodes and said source of anode voltage, and a circuit connected between said auxiliary electrodes and the auxiliary electrode voltage supply, said anodes providing regeneration and said auxiliary electrodes rectification independently of eachother, the magnetic field and biasing voltage of the auxiliary electrodes beingso adjusted that in the absence of radio frequency signal potentials the auxiliary of current.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
US107917A 1935-10-16 1936-10-28 Electron discharge device Expired - Lifetime US2132946A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DET0045876 1935-10-16

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US2132946A true US2132946A (en) 1938-10-11

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US107917A Expired - Lifetime US2132946A (en) 1935-10-16 1936-10-28 Electron discharge device

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US (1) US2132946A (en))
CH (1) CH203816A (en))
FR (1) FR811819A (en))
GB (1) GB468596A (en))
NL (1) NL47916C (en))

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2528437A (en) * 1945-08-04 1950-10-31 Ivan L Joy Multiple anode tube and method of employing the same in testing apparatus
US2543739A (en) * 1946-02-12 1951-02-27 Gen Railway Signal Co Electron discharge device

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1052582B (de) * 1951-06-26 1959-03-12 Raytheon Mfg Co Elektronenroehre nach Art einer Magnetrongeneratorroehre zur Erzeugung amplitudenmodulierter Schwingungen

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2528437A (en) * 1945-08-04 1950-10-31 Ivan L Joy Multiple anode tube and method of employing the same in testing apparatus
US2543739A (en) * 1946-02-12 1951-02-27 Gen Railway Signal Co Electron discharge device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL47916C (en))
CH203816A (de) 1939-03-31
FR811819A (fr) 1937-04-23
GB468596A (en) 1937-07-08

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