US2128234A - Electron tube - Google Patents

Electron tube Download PDF

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Publication number
US2128234A
US2128234A US2128234DA US2128234A US 2128234 A US2128234 A US 2128234A US 2128234D A US2128234D A US 2128234DA US 2128234 A US2128234 A US 2128234A
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resonator
conductor
tube
bottle
inner conductor
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/68—Tubes specially designed to act as oscillator with positive grid and retarding field, e.g. for Barkhausen-Kurz oscillators
    • H01J25/70—Tubes specially designed to act as oscillator with positive grid and retarding field, e.g. for Barkhausen-Kurz oscillators with resonator having distributed inductance with capacitance, e.g. Pintsch tube

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electron tube for the purpose of exciting, i. e. generating, amplifying or receiving high-frequency electromagnetic oscillations, particularly oscillations of a wavelength of less than m.
  • the essential component parts of ultra-short wave tubes of this description are the exciting electrode system, the' frequency determining resonator connected therewith and the aerial 10 coupled with the frequency determining resonator.
  • a suitably selected connection e. g.
  • the invention contemplates employing not only oscillating circuits with separated self-induction and capacity, but also such circuits, in which the self-induction and the capacity have been distributed over the conductors more or less uniformly.
  • the resonators of the known ultra-short wave tubes are made to consist of a single wire circle as selfinductlon and the electrodes as capacity.
  • so-called Lecher wires are used for forming a resonator which, at a potential loop, are provided with the electrodes required for excitation.
  • the value in OR or of is essentially smaller than that of resonance circuits employed in high frequency technics.
  • the cause thereof is to be found in the fact, that in the ultra-short wave resonators constructed so far, the values of C and R, in relation to the'very small self-induction L, could not be made small.
  • the value R being composed of the Ohms resistance, the leak resistance and the radiation resistance, above all, owing to the growing radiation losses of the resonator in conjunction with increasing frequency,'will be very large.
  • the potential amplitudes atthe electrodes of the tube necessary for the control of the electron stream remain small, when compared to the D. C. potentials connected up, so that the tube will work with a low degree of efliciency only.
  • the object of the. present in'vention is an electron tube for the purpose of exciting electro-magnetic oscillations with the aid of a resonator, in which the drawbacks, detailed above, have been obviated.
  • a resonator is employed, consisting of a hollow space, limited all-round, by means of metallic, well conducting walls, the natural damping of which can be kept exceedingly small. With the aid of such a resonator construction the radiation damping, which has most to be considered, has practically been reduced to zero.
  • the resonator is made to consist of an outer and an inner conductor similar to a concentric conductor-line, the outer conductor being shaped like a bottle and the inner conductor being made to penetrate through the neck of the bottle into the interior of the latter.
  • Object of the present invention is, for this reason, an electron tube for generating, amplifying and receiving ultra-high frequency electromagnetic oscillations in accordance with my copending application Serial No. 8,938, in which, in accordance with the present invention, the generator of the tube is made to consist of a bottleshaped hollow body (outer conductor) metallically conductive on its inner face, and a body (inner conductor), metallically conductive on its outer face and penetrating through the neck oi the bottle into the interior of the hollow body.
  • Fig. 1 represents an electron tube with a resonator consisting of concentric and cylindrical conductors of the length M4.
  • Fig. 2 shows a similar tube with a resonator of the length M2.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates a tube, in which the resonator is made to consist of a cylinder condenser and of two single-winding torus coils, the tube being,
  • Fig. 3a is a side elevation of the transition point of the energy lead shown in Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 3b is a cross sectional view through the grid section of Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 1 an embodiment of the object of the present invention has been represented.
  • I is the bottle-shaped outer conductor,'2 the bottom thereof, 3 the neck of the bottle.
  • the tube-shaped inner and the inner conductor 4 is almost capacitaconductor 4 has been made to pass, its end 5, being contained within the bottle, being provided with windows or having the form of a grid and approaching the bottom of the bottle only to such extent, that no essential additional terminal capacity between inner conductor and bottom of bottle is produced.
  • the hot cathode 6 Co-axial with this inner conductor, the hot cathode 6, having, for instance, the form of a hair pin, has been disposed.
  • the outer and the inner conductor will represent a Lecher system of the length M4 which at one end above the cylinder condenser, consistingof the bottle neck tively short-circuited.
  • suitable cross partitions 8 consisting of metal, are provided for the purpose of detuning the inner space of the inner conductor relatively to the working frequency, thus preventing an escape of oscillation energy across the interior of the inner conductor. It will thus be possible to feed the hollow space with oscillation energy, or deprive it thereof, only through the narrow annular slit in the neck of the bottle between the inner and the outer conductor.
  • the inner and the outer conductors are insulated from each other and supported, for example, in the neck of the bottle, by appropriate distance pieces of insulating material.
  • the surfaces adjoining the hollow space are also made to possess a brilliant polish and, if necessary, provided with a coating of a well conducting metal such as gold, silver and the like.
  • a coating of a well conducting metal such as gold, silver and the like.
  • the hollow body 2 may have a coating 2a
  • the inner body 4 may have a coating 40..
  • This coating in particular will always then be necessary if, in due consideration of vacuum-technical properties, the walls adjoining the resonator consist of a non-conductive material such as a ceramic material, or
  • erties such as vacuum fused nickel, chromium iron, chromium nickel.
  • a possible form of construction consists in providing in the annular slit, serving as conductor line, in the bottle neck, a vacuum tight insulator, for instance, in form of a glass fusing.
  • this fusing 10 will be found at that end of the conductor line turned away from the hollow space.
  • the annular slit may be coupled with a further conductor line or, as shown in Fig. 1, directly with an aerial. That portion of the inner conductor 8 which is exposed between i and II along a length or about M4 is made to serve asan aerial.
  • the outer conductor has been provided at the extreme end of the bottle neck with a disk l2 which is intended as counter- In order to introduce the leads for the cathode, particularly the heating lines, into the tube, without having to penetrate the outer conductor of the resonator at another point than at the bottle neck, these heating lines have been made to pass from the upper end through the inner conductor.
  • An excitation of the hollow space resonator, composed of the outer conductor 1 and the inner conductor 4, through the medium or the flow of electrons, can take place, for instance, if, relatively to the cathode, the inner conductor is given a positive direct currc t potential and the outer conductor a positive or negative potential in the proximity of zero.
  • the electrons, emanating from the hot cathode, will then pass partly directly to the inner conductor and partly through between the grid bars or through the window in the space between the inner and the outer conductor, thereby exerting an exciting effect upon the resonator and subsequently returning to the inner conductor.
  • the length oi the portion of the inner conductor contained in the interior of the bottleshaped conductor may also amount to an odd multiple of M4 instead of M4, so that the resonator will then be excited by the flow of electrons, passing over in one or several potential loops, in a higher harmonic.
  • the conductor parts, being positioned between the sections HI and H may be so tuned, that they form a resonance element equivalent to half a wavelength which along that part of the length, which is not covered by the outer conductor, acts as an aerial.
  • the edges of the outer conductor adjoining the radiating portionof the inner conductor have been provided with disks l2 and I5, rendering the capacitative passage of the current of the outer conductor possible.
  • FIG. 2 Another form of performance of the inventive idea has been represented in Fig. 2.
  • the inner conductor 4 is made to pass into the outer conductor l.
  • I and 2 are forming together a Lecher system of the length M2 being provided at its ends with condensers which represent for the oscillations'in the resonator almost a short circuit.
  • These cylinder condensers may preferably be selected of the length M4.
  • a short circuiting effect will already take place.
  • the inner conductor 4 is provided with a grid or window 5, through which the flow of electrons, emanating from the hair-pin cathode 6, can pass into the hollow space resonator.
  • the current leads I have, in this instance, been run so as to be inthe proximity of the potential node of the cylinder condenser l9 and are made to pass, together with a current lead for the inner conductor, through the outer conductor through an aperture 20, to which a glass tube 2
  • the interior of the inner conductor has again been detuned by cross partitions 8, so that a disturbing oscillation in the interior of the inner conductor cannot take place.
  • the outer conductor is enlarged so as to form a disk l2, representing the counterpoise for the inner conductor which projects by M4 and serves as an aerial.
  • the glass tube 24, fused on at 23, renders the neck of the tube vacuumtight.
  • This glass tube also carries the branch for, the pump conduit.
  • the inner conductor is supported and held fast in the bottle neck on the one hand, and in the short-circuit condenser 19 on the other hand, by means of insulators against the outer conductor.
  • the hollow space condenser the length ⁇ /2, its length may amount to a multiple of M2. It will then be possible to dispose electrodes, as may be required, in one or several potential loops for excitation and to excite the resonator in the corresponding high harmonic.
  • concentric Lecher systems instead of employing concentric, cylindrical conductors (so-called concentric Lecher systems) for the purpose of limiting the hollow space aiaaaae structional length and a greater oscillatory ciliciency.
  • concentric Lecher systems For the rest the arrangement corresponds to that illustrated in Fig. 2 with the only diflerence, that in place of an aerial, the open end of the bottle neck is coupled with an energy conductor line.
  • the resonator is, like that shown in Fig. 2, composed of two elements of the length M4, so as to form a V2 resonator.
  • a U4 resonator or an odd number of such resonators may be connected in series so as to form one resonator, which can then be excited in several potential loops by flows of electrons.
  • a short-circuit condenser 4', i9 which again may be constructed as a cylinder condenser, for example, of the length M4.
  • the supply of current to the cathode may be effected in the same manner as in Fig. 1 through the medium of the squash i8.
  • Fig. 312 represents a cross sectional view perpendicular to the axis of the conductors 29 and 30 at the point of coupling with the tube.
  • Figs. 1 and 2 may be modified without any difficulty so as to represent electron tubes for the amplification of ultra-high frequency oscillations.
  • the oathode 6 is surrounded by a control grid 34 which is continued as a tube 35 concentrically surrounding the cathode lines 7.
  • the elements 1 and 35 together again form a Lecher system, which exhibits, in place of the cathode 5, a potential loop. This Lecher system is deposited in the interior of the inner conductor 4, the inner conductor 4 and the tube 35 being so dlsposed,
  • the high frequency energy required for the control of the control grid that is, the double conductor line consisting of the elements I and 36 is, as shown in Fig. 1, made to-pass into the interior of the inner conductor through the neck of the bottle up to a potential node of an energy conductor line or a resonance element coupled with the open end of the bottle neck.
  • the transmission of this energy can, for example, be effected, in that through the medium of suitable windows or apertures, high frequency stray fields which, by way of example, are fed by the annular slit, are made to interfere in the field zone of the Lecher system composed of the conductors l and 35, exciting said system to oscillations through the medium of field coupling.
  • An electron tube comprising, a hollow member electrically conductive on its inner surface, an inner member electrically conductive on its outer surface within said hollow member, a portion of said hollow member forming a solid-wall electrode, a portion of the inner member having openings therein, a cathode within said last named portion of the inner member, said hollow .member and inner member constituting boundaries of an oscillator having a length which is a multiple of one fourth of the desired wave length,
  • An electron tube comprising, a cylindrical hollow member electrically conductive on its inner surface, an inner member electrically conductive on its outer surface coaxially disposed within said hollow member, a portion of the hollow member forming a solid wall electrode, a portion of the innermember having openings therein, a cathode Within said last named portion of the inner member, said hollow member and inner member limiting a cavity closed against leakage losses which forms the field space of a resonator, a concentric conductor of less diameter than, and connected to, said hollow member, and a second conductor connected to said inner member, the wave resistance of said first named conductor being small as compared with that of the resonator.
  • An electron tube comprising, a cylindrical shaped hollow member electrically conductive on its inner face, a conductive bottle neck connected with said hollow member, a cylindrical inner member electrically conductive on its outer face and extending coaxially through the bottle neck element into the hollow member and forming with the hollow member a cavity closed oif against leakage radiation, said inner member also forming with the bottle neck a high frequency lead, a

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Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2418844A (en) * 1943-04-01 1947-04-15 Raytheon Mfg Co Ultra high frequency tube
US2442118A (en) * 1943-07-29 1948-05-25 Rca Corp Coupling device for high-frequency apparatus
US2454761A (en) * 1942-11-20 1948-11-30 Sperry Corp Ultra high frequency device
US2459152A (en) * 1943-06-19 1949-01-18 Delbert A Deisinger Electronic valve
US2506590A (en) * 1941-10-31 1950-05-09 Sperry Corp High-frequency tube structure
US2525468A (en) * 1943-03-29 1950-10-10 Westinghouse Electric Corp Ultra high frequency tube
US2546160A (en) * 1947-10-31 1951-03-27 Bela A Lengyel Phosphorescent screen for radio wave detection
US2584802A (en) * 1947-01-18 1952-02-05 Rca Corp Very high-frequency electron tube
US2605443A (en) * 1942-06-18 1952-07-29 Sperry Corp High-frequency tube structure
US2608670A (en) * 1942-01-29 1952-08-26 Sperry Corp High-frequency tube structure
US2629066A (en) * 1951-12-10 1953-02-17 Eitel Maccullough Inc Electron tube
US2677057A (en) * 1948-03-13 1954-04-27 Sylvania Electric Prod High-frequency electron tube and circuit
US2684452A (en) * 1952-07-28 1954-07-20 Eitel Mccullough Inc Electron tube
US2716235A (en) * 1943-11-05 1955-08-23 Sperry Rand Corp Object detecting and locating systems
US2748067A (en) * 1951-07-20 1956-05-29 Sylvania Electric Prod Processing plated parts
US2852720A (en) * 1953-08-12 1958-09-16 Litton Industries Inc Frequency stable magnetron
DE975399C (de) * 1941-09-12 1961-11-16 Emi Ltd Anordnung zur Verhinderung des Entweichens von Ultrahochfrequenz-Energie

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE975399C (de) * 1941-09-12 1961-11-16 Emi Ltd Anordnung zur Verhinderung des Entweichens von Ultrahochfrequenz-Energie
US2506590A (en) * 1941-10-31 1950-05-09 Sperry Corp High-frequency tube structure
US2608670A (en) * 1942-01-29 1952-08-26 Sperry Corp High-frequency tube structure
US2605443A (en) * 1942-06-18 1952-07-29 Sperry Corp High-frequency tube structure
US2454761A (en) * 1942-11-20 1948-11-30 Sperry Corp Ultra high frequency device
US2525468A (en) * 1943-03-29 1950-10-10 Westinghouse Electric Corp Ultra high frequency tube
US2418844A (en) * 1943-04-01 1947-04-15 Raytheon Mfg Co Ultra high frequency tube
US2459152A (en) * 1943-06-19 1949-01-18 Delbert A Deisinger Electronic valve
US2442118A (en) * 1943-07-29 1948-05-25 Rca Corp Coupling device for high-frequency apparatus
US2716235A (en) * 1943-11-05 1955-08-23 Sperry Rand Corp Object detecting and locating systems
US2584802A (en) * 1947-01-18 1952-02-05 Rca Corp Very high-frequency electron tube
US2546160A (en) * 1947-10-31 1951-03-27 Bela A Lengyel Phosphorescent screen for radio wave detection
US2677057A (en) * 1948-03-13 1954-04-27 Sylvania Electric Prod High-frequency electron tube and circuit
US2748067A (en) * 1951-07-20 1956-05-29 Sylvania Electric Prod Processing plated parts
US2629066A (en) * 1951-12-10 1953-02-17 Eitel Maccullough Inc Electron tube
US2684452A (en) * 1952-07-28 1954-07-20 Eitel Mccullough Inc Electron tube
US2852720A (en) * 1953-08-12 1958-09-16 Litton Industries Inc Frequency stable magnetron

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