US2126511A - Diagonal bracing for metallic structures - Google Patents

Diagonal bracing for metallic structures Download PDF

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Publication number
US2126511A
US2126511A US75130A US7513036A US2126511A US 2126511 A US2126511 A US 2126511A US 75130 A US75130 A US 75130A US 7513036 A US7513036 A US 7513036A US 2126511 A US2126511 A US 2126511A
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brace
members
diagonal
shell
braces
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US75130A
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Edward L Soule
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/56—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members
    • E04B2/58—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of metal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
    • E04B2001/2496—Shear bracing therefor

Definitions

  • This invention relates to improvements in diagonal bracing for metallic structures, and pertains particularly to means for connecting diagonally placed brace members with vertical and horizontal members of a structural metal assembly.
  • Fig. 1 is an elevation of a portion of a twostory metallic wall frame illustrating diagonal brace members secured thereto in accordance with my invention
  • Fig. 2 is a similar View illustrating the manner in which the invention may be adapted to the bending of brace members to avoid windowopenings and the like;
  • Fig. 3 is a, similar view of a one-story frame, illustrating a further use of the securing members in connection with the placing of braces to avoid a window-opening;
  • Fig. 4 is an enlarged detailed sectional view if of one of the securing members illustrated in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 5 is a similar View of another of the securing members illustrated in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 6 is a similar View of a combination of the I?) securing members as illustrated in Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 7 is an enlarged perspective view of the securing member illustrated in Fig. 5;
  • Figs. 8 and 9 are enlarged sectional views of the application of the securing member as il- 55 lustrated in Fig. 3;
  • Fig. is an enlarged section of means employed for connecting the lower ends of the diagonal braces with the foundation of the wall structure.
  • Figs. l, 2 and 3 of the drawings illustrate structural metal walls supported on concrete foundations ill.
  • a sill II rests upon the foundation and vertically extending parallel studs I2 are supported on the sill and are joined at their upper ends by a plate I3.
  • a two story wall is illustrated and a horizontal ledge i4, which may be in the form of an angular member welded to the edges of the vertical studs, deiines the dividing line between stories and lends rigidity to the studs.
  • the sills, studs and plates are all of structural metal.
  • the studs I2 are of I-shaped cross section and their web portions are, as illustrated in Fig. 7, perforated to decrease their weight without materially reducing their strength to 9 oppose normal structural forces. All metal parts of the wall are secured together at their points of contact with each other by suitable means such, for example, as welding.
  • Diagonal brace members shown at I5 and I6 in Fig. 1, are passed through the perforations in the webs of the studs and connected at their ends with the studs and in some cases with the foundation to resist lateral forces such, for eX- ample, as may be set up by wind and earthquake. It is to the means for connecting such braces with the vertical and horizontal wall members that the present invention is particularly directed.
  • a member il is shown as comprising a semicylindrical shell welded, as ⁇ at E8, along its upper edge and IQ along its lower edge to the web of the I-beam and perforated at 2B to receive the end of a brace I5, which is threaded to receive a nut 2l.
  • the perforation 2@ in the shell ll may be formed at any required point to permit the brace I5 to be disposed at any suitable angle, and it is preferred that the perforation be placed at such a, point that the center of the brace I5 will lie along a radius of the semicylindrical shell Il', thereby forming a seat against which the nut 2
  • the nut is tightened to place the proper tension on the brace I5.
  • This samev arrangement of the elements may be used at the lower ends of the rods, if it is desired, to provide for taking up on the rods from both ends.
  • Fig. 7 also illustrates the manner in which the semicylindrical shell Il spans the perforation in the web of the I-beam and as a solid fitting against the imperforate edges of the web.
  • Means for connecting the lower brace rods I6 with the foundation are illustrated at 22 inv Fig. 1 and are also illustrated in Fig. l0.
  • Anchor bolts 23 are let into the concrete foundation and extend upwardly through perforations in the sill II and have their upper ends bent to anangle parallel to the angle at which the brace I6 is to be disposed.
  • the brace rod I6 may be connected with the upper end of the anchor bolt in any desired manner, a splice weld, such as illustrated in Fig. 10, being suitable for this purpose.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates the use of the semi-cylindrical shell I I for the purpose of bending the brace rods to avoid Window or door openings formed in the wall at 25.
  • a semicylindrical shell is illustrated as welded to the web of one of the studs and a brace rod 26 passes over the shell and the shell serves as a bearing over which it is bent and to which it may be welded for additional rigidity.
  • brace rods 21 may be bent over the upper corners of a window opening in the same manner as they are bent in Figs. 2 and 8.
  • brace rods 3U and the lower ends of the brace rods 26 are shown as terminating at substantially the same point adjacent the corner of a window opening and in this construction, which is best illustrated in Fig. 6, it is possible to apply tension to both of the brace rods which terminate in this position.
  • the semi-cylindrical shell Il lwelded to one side of the stud receives the rod 26 in the usual manner and a second shell I'Ia, which is a quarter cylinder, is positioned at the junction of the vertical stud and the horizontal window header 3 I.
  • the connecting member described above is inexpensive in construction and is adapted to the forming of connections between the brace rods and the vertical studs at any desired angle, and the manner in which it is secured across the perforated webs of the I-beam makes insertion and adjustment of the brace rods very simple, and also insures that the diagonal stresses are properly taken up by these members in conjunction with the horizontal members and foundation, thus releasing the vertically extending members from any horizontal loads or stresses.
  • braces In combination with a wall including vertical perforate structural metal elements supported on a foundation and diagonal braces passing through the perforations of the vertical members, means for connecting the braces with the foundations comprising anchor members let into the foundation and disposed at an angle parallel to that of the braces, and means for connecting the braces to the vertical elements comprising semicylindrical brace receiving members secured to said elements and spanning the perforate portion thereof whereby they will receive the ends of braces extending through said perforate elements.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)

Description

Aug. 9, 1938.
Fg' 1. /lz
E. L. SOUL DIAGONAL BRAGING FOR METALLIC STRUCTURES Filed April 18, 1936 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 /S/ll2\ fla INVENTOR. dwwofeffula A TTORNEY.
Aug. 9, 1938.
E. L. soUL DIAGONAL BRACING FOR METALLIC STRUCTURES Filed April 18, 1936 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 IN1/E TOR. dwamo( ma. BY
auimw.
ATTORNEY Patented Aug. 9, 1938 PATENT QFMQE DIAGONAL BRACHNG FOR METALLIC STRUCTURES Edward L. Soul, Oakland, Calif.V
Application April 18,
6 Claims.
This invention relates to improvements in diagonal bracing for metallic structures, and pertains particularly to means for connecting diagonally placed brace members with vertical and horizontal members of a structural metal assembly.
In structural metal buildings horizontal wall loads such as are set up by wind and seismic forces are counteracted by diagonal members connecting the walls at various points with their foundations so that these loads will be directly transmitted to the foundations.
It is the object of the present invention to provide a simple andimproved form of connection for the ends of such diagonal braces with the metal framework of the walls and with the foundation and to provide means for this purpose that will effect a proper transmission between the connected elements of the forces encountered and to provide means that are simple in construction and readily adapted to the various conditions that may be met in ordinary construction.
One form of my invention is exemplied in the accompanying drawings, wherein its application under various conditions is illustrated. Detailed reference to the drawings is made in the following specification, wherein further of the objects and advantages of the invention are made apparent.
In the drawings,
Fig. 1 is an elevation of a portion of a twostory metallic wall frame illustrating diagonal brace members secured thereto in accordance with my invention; l
Fig. 2 is a similar View illustrating the manner in which the invention may be adapted to the bending of brace members to avoid windowopenings and the like;
Fig. 3 is a, similar view of a one-story frame, illustrating a further use of the securing members in connection with the placing of braces to avoid a window-opening;
Fig. 4 is an enlarged detailed sectional view if of one of the securing members illustrated in Fig. 1;
Fig. 5 is a similar View of another of the securing members illustrated in Fig. 1;
Fig. 6 is a similar View of a combination of the I?) securing members as illustrated in Fig. 2;
Fig. 7 is an enlarged perspective view of the securing member illustrated in Fig. 5;
Figs. 8 and 9 are enlarged sectional views of the application of the securing member as il- 55 lustrated in Fig. 3; and
1936, Serial No. 75,130
(Cl. 18S- 34) Fig. is an enlarged section of means employed for connecting the lower ends of the diagonal braces with the foundation of the wall structure.
Figs. l, 2 and 3 of the drawings illustrate structural metal walls supported on concrete foundations ill. A sill II rests upon the foundation and vertically extending parallel studs I2 are supported on the sill and are joined at their upper ends by a plate I3.
In Figs. 1 and 2 a two story wall is illustrated and a horizontal ledge i4, which may be in the form of an angular member welded to the edges of the vertical studs, deiines the dividing line between stories and lends rigidity to the studs. The sills, studs and plates are all of structural metal. The studs I2 are of I-shaped cross section and their web portions are, as illustrated in Fig. 7, perforated to decrease their weight without materially reducing their strength to 9 oppose normal structural forces. All metal parts of the wall are secured together at their points of contact with each other by suitable means such, for example, as welding. v
Diagonal brace members, shown at I5 and I6 in Fig. 1, are passed through the perforations in the webs of the studs and connected at their ends with the studs and in some cases with the foundation to resist lateral forces such, for eX- ample, as may be set up by wind and earthquake. It is to the means for connecting such braces with the vertical and horizontal wall members that the present invention is particularly directed.
In Fig. l the upper ends of the braces I5 are 'I' connected with the I-beam studs through the medium of connecting members I'I. In Fig. 4 such a member il is shown as comprising a semicylindrical shell welded, as`at E8, along its upper edge and IQ along its lower edge to the web of the I-beam and perforated at 2B to receive the end of a brace I5, which is threaded to receive a nut 2l. The perforation 2@ in the shell ll may be formed at any required point to permit the brace I5 to be disposed at any suitable angle, and it is preferred that the perforation be placed at such a, point that the center of the brace I5 will lie along a radius of the semicylindrical shell Il', thereby forming a seat against which the nut 2| may be drawn which is tangent to the outer surface of the shell. When the elements have been placed in the position illustrated in Fig. 4, the nut is tightened to place the proper tension on the brace I5. This samev arrangement of the elements may be used at the lower ends of the rods, if it is desired, to provide for taking up on the rods from both ends.
The lower ends of the brace rods I5 in Fig. l and the upper ends of the rods I6 are connected with the studs in the manner illustrated in Figs. 5 and 7, wherein the shell I'I is shown as perforated at two points :for the reception of both the brace rod I5 and the brace rod I6. Fig. 7 also illustrates the manner in which the semicylindrical shell Il spans the perforation in the web of the I-beam and as a solid fitting against the imperforate edges of the web.
Means for connecting the lower brace rods I6 with the foundation are illustrated at 22 inv Fig. 1 and are also illustrated in Fig. l0. Anchor bolts 23 are let into the concrete foundation and extend upwardly through perforations in the sill II and have their upper ends bent to anangle parallel to the angle at which the brace I6 is to be disposed. The brace rod I6 may be connected with the upper end of the anchor bolt in any desired manner, a splice weld, such as illustrated in Fig. 10, being suitable for this purpose.
Fig. 2 illustrates the use of the semi-cylindrical shell I I for the purpose of bending the brace rods to avoid Window or door openings formed in the wall at 25. In this gure and in Fig. 8 a semicylindrical shell is illustrated as welded to the web of one of the studs and a brace rod 26 passes over the shell and the shell serves as a bearing over which it is bent and to which it may be welded for additional rigidity. As illustrated in Figs. 3 and 9, brace rods 21 may be bent over the upper corners of a window opening in the same manner as they are bent in Figs. 2 and 8.
In the lower portion of Fig. 2 the upper ends of brace rods 3U and the lower ends of the brace rods 26 are shown as terminating at substantially the same point adjacent the corner of a window opening and in this construction, which is best illustrated in Fig. 6, it is possible to apply tension to both of the brace rods which terminate in this position. The semi-cylindrical shell Il lwelded to one side of the stud receives the rod 26 in the usual manner and a second shell I'Ia, which is a quarter cylinder, is positioned at the junction of the vertical stud and the horizontal window header 3 I.
The connecting member described above is inexpensive in construction and is adapted to the forming of connections between the brace rods and the vertical studs at any desired angle, and the manner in which it is secured across the perforated webs of the I-beam makes insertion and adjustment of the brace rods very simple, and also insures that the diagonal stresses are properly taken up by these members in conjunction with the horizontal members and foundation, thus releasing the vertically extending members from any horizontal loads or stresses.
While I have illustrated the preferred form of my invention and described the same only in connection with a few of the uses to which it may be adapted, it should be understood that the invention is not limited by the foregoing disclosure and that it may be modified within the scope of the appended claims.
Having thus described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:
1. The combination with a structural metal Wall and diagonal brace therefor of a member for connecting the diagonal brace with a structural metal Wall element which comprises a semicylindrical shell secured to the wall element and perforated to receive a brace extending through the wall element and radially through the shell whereby a nut on the end of the brace may be drawn tight against the external surface of the shell.
2. The combination with a structural metal wall and diagonal brace therefor of a member for connecting the diagonal brace with a struc- Ytural metal wall element, said element having a therein to receive the brace in a radial position relative to the shell, whereby a nut threaded on the end of the brace may be tightened to a position tangent to the external surface of shell.
4. In combination with a wall including vertical perforate structural metal elements supported on a foundation and diagonal braces passing through the perforations of the vertical members, means for connecting the braces with the foundations comprising anchor members let into the foundation and disposed at an angle parallel to that of the braces, and means for connecting the braces to the vertical elements comprising semicylindrical brace receiving members secured to said elements and spanning the perforate portion thereof whereby they will receive the ends of braces extending through said perforate elements.
5. In combination with a structural metal wall including vertical and horizontal members supported upon a foundation and diagonal braces to transmit lateral forces from the vertical members to the foundation, means for connecting said braces to the vertical members, comprising semicylindrical perforated elements secured to the vertical members and receiving said braces in a manner to transmit the tensional stress thereof, through means bearing on the outer cylindrical surfaces of the said elements.
6. The combination with a structural metal wall comprising structural metal elements having perforate web portions and diagonal braces extending through the perforations of said webs, of an element over which said braces may be bent comprising a substantially semi-cylindrical shell secured to the web of the wall element with portions resting on the imperforate parts of the web and portions spanning a perforate part thereof.
EDWARD L. soULE'.
US75130A 1936-04-18 1936-04-18 Diagonal bracing for metallic structures Expired - Lifetime US2126511A (en)

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Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2937767A (en) * 1958-12-15 1960-05-24 Unistrut Products Company Shelving structure
US3314380A (en) * 1964-10-22 1967-04-18 Evans Prod Co Bulkhead
US3358994A (en) * 1965-03-01 1967-12-19 Jackes Evans Mfg Company Support structure for basketball backstops
US4287695A (en) * 1978-06-19 1981-09-08 Lifehaus Corporation Of Texas Prefabricated building
US4321776A (en) * 1980-09-22 1982-03-30 Art Delight Construction Shear wall anchoring
US4346539A (en) * 1979-03-29 1982-08-31 Her Majesty The Queen As Represented By The Minister Of National Defence Of Her Majesty's Canadian Government Lattice beam-columns
US4346510A (en) * 1979-03-29 1982-08-31 Her Majesty The Queen Pretensioning diagonals in lattice beam-columns
US5505031A (en) * 1992-06-12 1996-04-09 Heydon Building Systems, Inc. Of California Building structure and method of use
WO1999045215A1 (en) 1998-03-03 1999-09-10 Pratt Robert F High stress resistance frame buildings and methods and apparatus for use in constructing the same
US6014843A (en) * 1998-02-13 2000-01-18 Crumley; Harvel K. Wood frame building structure with tie-down connectors
US6185898B1 (en) 1998-07-10 2001-02-13 Robert F. Pratt High strength wall frames and system utilizing same
US6892504B1 (en) * 2002-01-28 2005-05-17 The Steel Network, Inc. Wall structure with corner connectors
US6920724B1 (en) 2001-01-04 2005-07-26 Epic Metals Corporation Bracket for a structural panel and a structural panel made with such a bracket
US20060059787A1 (en) * 2002-02-11 2006-03-23 Ei-Land Corporation Method for selecting a force-resisting device including a computer generated finite element model
US20080086963A1 (en) * 2006-06-15 2008-04-17 Proffitt Ray A Jr Hold Down Clip and Wall System
US7748180B1 (en) * 2005-06-23 2010-07-06 Plavidal Richard W Joist stiffening system
US20110094173A1 (en) * 2008-05-07 2011-04-28 Jeffrey Robert Parker Wall System
US20120311955A1 (en) * 2011-06-08 2012-12-13 Brian Wade Johnson Construction panel and related methods
US20160258161A1 (en) * 2015-03-05 2016-09-08 Sumitomo Forestry Co., Ltd. Column End Joint Structure
US9593505B2 (en) 2014-01-01 2017-03-14 Simpson Strong-Tie Company, Inc. Self-centering braced frame for seismic resistance in buildings
US20190100908A1 (en) * 2017-10-03 2019-04-04 500 Group, Inc. Customizable Transportable Structures and Components Therefor
US11118344B2 (en) 2019-02-14 2021-09-14 Build Ip Llc Foldable building structures with utility channels and laminate enclosures
US20210359637A1 (en) * 2018-10-17 2021-11-18 Martin WAKONIG Device for attaching to a noise barrier
US11718984B2 (en) 2021-01-12 2023-08-08 Build Ip Llc Liftable foldable transportable buildings
US11739547B2 (en) 2021-01-12 2023-08-29 Build Ip Llc Stackable foldable transportable buildings

Cited By (42)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2937767A (en) * 1958-12-15 1960-05-24 Unistrut Products Company Shelving structure
US3314380A (en) * 1964-10-22 1967-04-18 Evans Prod Co Bulkhead
US3358994A (en) * 1965-03-01 1967-12-19 Jackes Evans Mfg Company Support structure for basketball backstops
US4287695A (en) * 1978-06-19 1981-09-08 Lifehaus Corporation Of Texas Prefabricated building
US4346539A (en) * 1979-03-29 1982-08-31 Her Majesty The Queen As Represented By The Minister Of National Defence Of Her Majesty's Canadian Government Lattice beam-columns
US4346510A (en) * 1979-03-29 1982-08-31 Her Majesty The Queen Pretensioning diagonals in lattice beam-columns
US4321776A (en) * 1980-09-22 1982-03-30 Art Delight Construction Shear wall anchoring
US5505031A (en) * 1992-06-12 1996-04-09 Heydon Building Systems, Inc. Of California Building structure and method of use
US6014843A (en) * 1998-02-13 2000-01-18 Crumley; Harvel K. Wood frame building structure with tie-down connectors
WO1999045215A1 (en) 1998-03-03 1999-09-10 Pratt Robert F High stress resistance frame buildings and methods and apparatus for use in constructing the same
US6185898B1 (en) 1998-07-10 2001-02-13 Robert F. Pratt High strength wall frames and system utilizing same
US6920724B1 (en) 2001-01-04 2005-07-26 Epic Metals Corporation Bracket for a structural panel and a structural panel made with such a bracket
US6892504B1 (en) * 2002-01-28 2005-05-17 The Steel Network, Inc. Wall structure with corner connectors
US6941718B1 (en) * 2002-01-28 2005-09-13 The Steel Network, Inc. Wall structure
US20060059787A1 (en) * 2002-02-11 2006-03-23 Ei-Land Corporation Method for selecting a force-resisting device including a computer generated finite element model
US7748180B1 (en) * 2005-06-23 2010-07-06 Plavidal Richard W Joist stiffening system
US20080086963A1 (en) * 2006-06-15 2008-04-17 Proffitt Ray A Jr Hold Down Clip and Wall System
US8769887B2 (en) * 2006-06-15 2014-07-08 Ray A. Proffitt, Jr. Hold down clip and wall system
US20110094173A1 (en) * 2008-05-07 2011-04-28 Jeffrey Robert Parker Wall System
US20120311955A1 (en) * 2011-06-08 2012-12-13 Brian Wade Johnson Construction panel and related methods
US10184241B2 (en) * 2011-06-08 2019-01-22 Brian W. Johnson Construction panel and related methods
US9593505B2 (en) 2014-01-01 2017-03-14 Simpson Strong-Tie Company, Inc. Self-centering braced frame for seismic resistance in buildings
US20160258161A1 (en) * 2015-03-05 2016-09-08 Sumitomo Forestry Co., Ltd. Column End Joint Structure
US9828773B2 (en) * 2015-03-05 2017-11-28 Sumitomo Forestry Co., Ltd. Column end joint structure
US20190100908A1 (en) * 2017-10-03 2019-04-04 500 Group, Inc. Customizable Transportable Structures and Components Therefor
US10688906B2 (en) * 2017-10-03 2020-06-23 500 Group, Inc. Customizable transportable structures and components therefor
US20200269744A1 (en) * 2017-10-03 2020-08-27 500 Group, Inc. Customizable Transportable Structures and Components Therefor
US10829029B2 (en) 2017-10-03 2020-11-10 Build Ip Llc Customizable transportable structures and components therefor
US10926689B2 (en) * 2017-10-03 2021-02-23 Build Ip Llc Customizable transportable structures and components therefor
US12021480B2 (en) * 2018-10-17 2024-06-25 Martin WAKONIG Device for attaching to a noise barrier
US20210359637A1 (en) * 2018-10-17 2021-11-18 Martin WAKONIG Device for attaching to a noise barrier
US11525256B2 (en) 2019-02-14 2022-12-13 Build Ip Llc Foldable enclosure members joined by hinged perimeter sections
US11560707B2 (en) 2019-02-14 2023-01-24 Build Ip Llc Enclosure component perimeter structures
US11566414B2 (en) 2019-02-14 2023-01-31 Build Ip Llc Enclosure component perimeter structures
US11566413B2 (en) 2019-02-14 2023-01-31 Build Ip Llc Enclosure members joined by hinged I-beam to fold flat
US11578482B2 (en) 2019-02-14 2023-02-14 Build Ip Llc Foldable enclosure members joined by hinged I-beam
US11591789B2 (en) 2019-02-14 2023-02-28 Build Ip Llc Foldable building structures with utility channels and laminate enclosures
US11821196B2 (en) 2019-02-14 2023-11-21 Boxabl Inc. Foldable building structures with utility channels and laminate enclosures
US11118344B2 (en) 2019-02-14 2021-09-14 Build Ip Llc Foldable building structures with utility channels and laminate enclosures
US12031317B2 (en) 2019-02-14 2024-07-09 Boxabl Inc. Foldable building structures with utility channels and laminate enclosures
US11718984B2 (en) 2021-01-12 2023-08-08 Build Ip Llc Liftable foldable transportable buildings
US11739547B2 (en) 2021-01-12 2023-08-29 Build Ip Llc Stackable foldable transportable buildings

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