US2116816A - Concrete road-making machine - Google Patents

Description

May 1o, 1938. K. WINKLER 2,116,816

CONCRETE RQAD MAKINGMACHINF, 4

Filed March 1l, 1936 3 Sheets-Sheet l May 10, 1938 K. WINKLEI'R CONCRETE ROAD MAKING MACHINE Filed March 1l, 1956 5 vSheets--Shee'c 2 Patented May 10, 1938 UNHTED STATES PATENT OFFICE Application March 1,1,

1936, Serial N0. 68,287

In Germany March 14, 1935 9 Claims.

'I'he U. S. Patent No. 1,898,158 describes a machine which serves for making road pavings from stamped concrete. The main characteristic feature of this machine consists therein, that in order to obtain a uniform compression also in the innermost parts of concrete bodies, kneading tools or kneaders are used which have a small cross-sectional area and which are moved in such a manner, that they will penetrate deeply into the concrete, even if this is heaped up in the condition of moist earth.

The present invention relates to improvements in the said machine and in such kneaders. It should however be noted, that the kneaders according to the present invention, occasions arising, also can be operated manually, when the layer of concrete is heaped up and distributed in a suitable manner before it is treated with the kneaders and the treatment with thekneaders is followed by a further treatment with tools of any known kind, in order to compress and smooth the upper surface of the concrete body.

In the` preferred form of the invention the kneaders are arranged in a road building machine comprising, besides the kneaders, means for spreading or distributing the heaped up concrete and other ,means for the final compression and forming of the surface, the latter means working behind the kneaders. v

The constructionv of the road building machine and especially of those parts thereof which serve as carriers for the kneaders do also form part of the present invention. n

The invention is illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section through a machine acccrding to the invention, with parts omitted.

Fig. 2 is a plan View of the same machine, with one part omitted.

Fig. 3 is a front View on a reduced scale.

Fig. 4 shows details from Fig. l on an enlarged scale.

Fig. 5 shows another modification of the in vention.

Fig. 6 is a perspective showing a vibration device of modied construction.

Figs. 7 to 9 inclusive show. details of the kneader system. i

Fig. '7 is an elevation, partially in section, showing the driving arrangement for the kneaders.

Fig. 8 is a plan view of the same arrangement, with parts broken away.

Fig. 9 is a lateral sectional View, showing the kneaders with their guides.

(ci. :i4-49) Figs. 10a. to 10x show various crosssectional forms of kneaders according to the invention.

As shown in Fig. 10, the kneaders according to the invention are provided with relatively short cutting edges. The thickness may for instance amount to about liinch or less and the width mayfor instance amount to 4 to 8 inches. It has been found, that it, in order to render the Working of the kneaders easy, is not only of importanceto use tools with small kneading faces, but that there are certain cross-sectional forms, which on penetrating into the mass offer a remarkably low resistance, but nevertheless develop a high compression power. Moreover, it has been found advantageous to give the kneading tools such a form, that they on entering the concrete mass, will not only compress the material in a vertical direction, but also will effectively dislocate and compress the material in lateral directions. i 'Ihese effects may be obtained in a particularly satisfactory manner by using kneaders the Working faces of which have the form of cutting edges.

On comparing different kinds of cutting edges it has also been found that, instead of equipping each kneader with a single straight edge, it is advantageous to give the edge such a shape, that the parts of the edge form angles with each other. In Fig. 10 numerous cross-sectional forms of such kneader edges are shown at a to y', inclusive, m, 1i., p, q,`r and t to :I: inclusive. l

Testing of these cross-sections has also shown, that the best effects are obtained with kneaders, the kneading surfaces of which contain only few straight parts, such as for instance shown at d, q, and 1* in Fig. 10. A simple right-angular form has given the best results. The effect of the tool may be declared as follows: Each part of the edge surface causes a lateral displacement perpendicularly to the plane of the edge surface. It will then be clear, that an edge surface consisting of two parts arranged perpendicularly to 'each other will give the best results, because, through the cooperation of both edge parts, dislocations in all directions will take place, so that hollow spaces in the mass are lled in every case.

In a direction perpendicular to the layer of concrete the length of the kneaders must of course be substantially like the thickness of the layer, because the kneaders must penetrate deeply into the mass, in order that also hollow spaces in the lowermost partsof the layer are filled out by the lateral displacements caused by the kneaders.

From the above given description of the manner in which the novel device acts, it will be clear,

that it is not absolutely necessary to operate the kneaders by means of a machine, but that a similar eifect can be achieved by operating the kneaders by hand. In practice however, manual operation will seldom be used, because a vast number of workers would be required for building a paved road. The kneaders are therefore preferably arranged in a street building machine of the kind shown in Figs. 1 9.

The preferred form of the novel machine comprises a frame I with wheels 2 adapted to travel on rails 3 laid down on both sides of the road to be built. At both ends of the machine guides 4, 5 are provided in which slides 6, 1 are arranged in such a manner, that they can be displaced in vertical direction. 'Ihe slides 6, 1 are adjusted in the height by means of threaded spindles 8, 9 adapted to coopera-te with nut members I8, II. Preferably each slide is adjustable over a length amounting to about 16 inches. The slide 1 carries an auxiliary frame I2 to which preferably a scraper I3 is fixed. To the frame I2 suitably also a distribution rake I4 is attached and in connection herewith a device is pirovided by means of which the rake can be lifted to a height in which it is held out of contact with the concrete. For this purpose the auxiliary frame I2 may be made adjustable in the height relative to the slide 1. If desired, however, both parts may also be connected to a driving device adapted, in a manner known per se, to produce a lateral reciprocating motion.

Substantially in its centre the frame I carries a motor I5, which in the present example consists of a Diesel engine. Over a main coupling I6 and a reversing gear I1 the motor drives a gearing I8, which comprises claw couplings, speedchanging gears and similar parts, and which may be of any suitable known construction. Among other parts the gearing I8 also comprises a toothed wheel I9 meshing with a toothed wheel 29 on a shaft 2I, with which one pair of the wheels 2 are connected, so that the machine by means of the motor can be driven forward and rearward at adjustable speed. The gearing I8 also also cooperates with two shafts 22, 23, which can be coupled separately to the gearing. By means of pairs of bevel gears 24, 25 the shafts 22, 23 drive transverse shafts 26, 21, Which again by means of similar pairs of bevel gears or Worm gearings (not illustrated) drive the spindles 8 and 9, so that both spindles 8 or both spindles 9 are always rotated simultaneously. Each of the slides 6, 1 carry a shaft 28, 29 and each of these shafts carries a bevel wheel 30, 3I. Perpendicular to the shafts 28, 29, shafts 36, 31 are arranged, which carry bevel gears 33, 34. By means of an intermediate body 35 the shafts 36, 31 are so mounted that they can be rotated about the shafts 28, 29. The shafts 36, 31 are connected with other shafts 38, 39 in such a manner, that they may rotate with the same, but may be displaced in their longitudinal direction relatively to the latter. Other bevel gears 40 connect the shafts 38, 39 with the gearing I8.

Besides the shaft 28 also a second shaft 4I has its bearing in the slide 6, and this shaft carries a toothed wheel 42. This toothed wheel and the shaft 4I are rotated from the bevel gear 38 by the intermediary of 4gear wheels 43, 44. The shaft 4I carries arms 45 which rotate with the shaft and at the ends of which rollers 46 are arranged. By means of these rollers pounders 41 are lifted and dropped, which pounders move in guides 48 in the slide 6. For thispurpose straps 49 are by means of fittings 50 connected to the pounders 41, in spaced relation to the same. At 5I the arms 45 are bifurcated, and the straps 49 project into this bifurcation. In order to augment the energy of the blows, draw springs 52 are provided, the one end of which is xed to the pounder 41 at 53 and the other end of which acts against the slide 6 at 54. The springs 52 thus augment the effect of the gravity. At their lower ends the pounders 41 carry the kneading tools or kneaders 55, which form the most important part of this invention. The kneaders have substantially the form of a cutting edge, preferably a broken or angular one. Figs. 10a. to 10x show a plurality of kneading tools. To the upper end of the kneader 55 a vertical bolt 56 is fixed, which is rotatably arranged in a sleeve 51 at the lower end of the pounder 41. An adjusting ring 58 or the like prevents the bolt from dropping out of the sleeve. This arrangement allows the kneaders to rotate during the operation, so that the edge may slide over larger hard lumps in the concrete mass without being damaged and without the operation being disturbed. In the other slide 1 a rammer device of a special kind is arranged, details of which are shown in the Figs. '1 to 9. The shaft 29 carries cam discs 59, 6I), 6I, which cooperate with rollers 62 carried by levers 63, 64, 65, which for instance may be rockably mounted in a common carrier 66.

In the slide 1 also several rammers are guided, for instance the three rammers 61, 68, 69 shown. These rammers are pressed downward by springs 10, which for instance may be arranged on guide rods 1 I. The guide rods 1I are guided by a member 12, which is formed integral with the slide 1 and which serves as seat for the upper end of the springs 10. At their upper end the rods 1I carry rollers 13, adapted to be taken up by suitable seats 14 in the levers 63, 64, 65. It will thus be understood, that when the shaft 29 is rotated, the rammers 61, 68, 69 are alternately lifted and thereupon drop downward under the united influence of the gravity and the springs 10. The rammers proper have the form of bars, the rammer 61 having a thickness of about 1.2", the rammer 68 of about 0.8 and the rammer 69 of about 0.4. It is of course also possible to use a greater number of cooperating rammers or also only two of the same. In order to reduce the friction of the rammers, rollers 15 are provided in the slide 1 and an additional guide roller 16 is arranged in the central rammer 68, so that the rammers guide each other mutually. The introduction of concrete particles into the rollers 15, 16 is prevented by means of tightening brushes 11 or the like. Besides the described devices the machine may also be equipped with vibrating beams, such as indicated at 18, 19, 80. These beams are suitably suspended from the machine by means of springs 85, but the same may also be trailed after the machine. The vibrations are in the example shown in Fig. 1 generated by means of electrical devices, in that some of the beams are equipped with an electrical hammer 8|, whilst the last beam 80 is vibrated by means of a motor 82, the shaft of which carries excentric masses.

Such a vibrating beam, with a motor for creating the vibrations, is shown on a larger scale in Fig. 4. Fig. 5 shows a modification, in which the vibrations are generated by means of pneumatic hammers 83. If desired all vibrating beams may be equipped with electrical hammers, electrical motors or pneumatic hammers for the generation of thevibrations. Combinations of these means may also be used. It is particularly advantageous, to arrange the vibration producers in such a manner, that the beams which during the working lie to the rear will perform vibrations of a higher amplitude, because the concrete below the last named beams is already more dense.

Fig. 6 shows a vibrating beam of another construction, which `is moved in its longitudinal direction. This for instance involves the advantage, that there are lesser possibilities for stones to be `pinched in the mechanisms and disturbing theoperation. Fig. 6 shows three beams 84 of this kind with pneumatic vibration generators 83. If the width of the road requires it, also a greater number of beams may be used. The vibrating beams may for instance consist of wood, and the lowermost'surface of' it may be coated with a sheet of metal.

The tools used together with the kneaders 255 may be replaced by other similarly acting tools and may at part even be left out without being replaced by other tools. It is also not necessary to perform all stages of treatment by means of one machine. If it is found convenient, the work may also be divided on a plurality of machines, of which each performs only part of the work. i

As it will be understood, the machine shown in. the drawings is preferably so arranged, that each group of tools may be actuated or put out of operation separately. The machine is suitably operated in the following manner:

After the concrete has been heaped up the machine is adjusted in such a manner, that only the rake-scraper and the kneaders become operative. The direction of travel is hereby so chosen, that the scraper is acting in front of the kneaders, i. e. in the drawing to the right. During the next working process the machine moves rearward, wherein the kneaders and the rammers are allowed to work, whilst the rake is lifted out of contact with the concrete. If the vibrating beams i8, 79, 80, or B4 are present the same are also put into operation. In case of a beam 84, as shown in Fig. 6, is used, means are provided for lifting also the rear part of it to the extent required. This manner of working will give a thorough compression, particularly when the transmission ratio for the rammers is so chosen, that each rammer will perform about 400 blows per minute. In this case a stroke length of 5 cm. will be suiicient. Due to the compact arrangement, the blows from the rammers will namely act cojointedly in such a manner, that the inner friction in the concrete is highly reduced, whereby the compression effect is increased. As for the rest, the last rammer is narrower than the preceding and this latter is again narrower than the first one, so that the intensity increases with the increasing compression. Between the described two sta es of work of the machine, if desired, a suitable number of working steps may be introduced, during which only the kneaders are operated. The described process may also be followed by one or more working stages, during which only the narrow rammers are used. Finally, in order to obtain a road surface as smooth possible, the machine may again once be moved in the opposite direction, i. e. to the right, only the rammers being operated. Since in this case the widest rammer is the last which acts upon the concrete mass the road surface is thoroughly smoothed.

The details of the machine may of course be modiiied in various ways, without surpassing the scope of the invention. The number of rammers used may be increased if desired. The rammers may also be guided in other` manners than that shown, provided the guide devices are so arranged, that the rammers work sufficiently soon behind each other. Instead of the Diesel motor another combustion or steam engine or an electromotor may be used. The electricity or compressed air needed for the operation of the vibration devices may be generated by means of an apparatus coupled `to the combustion engine of the machine.

I claimzi l. A tool forthe compression of concrete for road making machines, comprising a vertically reciprocable carrier body and a kneading member attached to said carrier body, said kneading member having a narrow elongated bottom part in the form of a blade having a bent cross-section, so that on the kneading member being lowered it will penetrate deeply into the concrete and diierent portions of the working surfaces will force the concrete aside indifferent directions.

2. A tool for thev compression of concrete for road making machines, comprising a vertically reciprocable carrier body and a kneading member attached to said carrier body, said kneading member having a narrow elongated bottom part in the form of a blade having an angular crosssection, so that on the kneading member being lowered it will penetrate deeply into the concrete and different portions of the' working surfaces will force the concrete aside in different directions.

3. A tool for the compression of concrete for road making machines, comprising a vertically reciprocable carrier body and a kneading member attached to said carrier body, said kneading member having a narrow elongated bottom part in the form of a blade comprising two straight portions extending at right angles to one another so that on the kneading member being lowered it will penetrate deeply into the concrete and different portions of the working surfaces will force the concrete aside in different directions.

4. In a machine for the compression of concrete for road making, the combination of a vertically reciprocable carrier body, a kneading member attached to said carrier body, said kneading member having a narrow elongated bottom part in the form of a blade having a bent crosssection, so that on the kneading member being lowered it will penetrate deeply into the co-ncrete and different portions of the working surfaces will force the concrete aside in different directions, with means operatively connected to said carrier body for raising the carrier body and springs arranged to oppose the rise of the carrier body and assist the force of gravity in lowering the carrier body.

5. In a machine for the compression of concrete for road making, in combination, a frame, running wheels, shafts for said running wheels, bearings on the frame for said shafts and a plurality of po'unders, of which at least some are provided with kneading members having a narrow elongated bottom part in the form of a blade having a bent cross-section, so that on the kneading member being lowered it will penetrate deeply into the concrete and different portions of the working surfaces will force the concrete aside in different directions.

6. In a machine for the compression of concrete for road making, in combination, a main frame having an auxiliary frame adjustable in the vertical direction relatively thereto, running wheels, shafts for said running wheels, bearings on the frame for said shafts, a plurality of pounders, guides for said pounders arranged in said auxiliary frame and a shaft with operating means for the pounders arranged on the Vertically adjustable frame body, some at least of said pounders provided with kneading members having a narrow elongated bottom part in the form of a blade having a bent cross-section, so that on the kneading member being lowered it will penetrate deeply into the concrete and different portions of the working surfaces Will force the concrete aside in different directions.

'7. In a machine for the compression of concrete for road making, in combination, a main frame having an ,auxiliary frame adjustable in the vertical direction relatively thereto, running wheels, shafts for said running wheels, bearings `on the frame for said shafts, a plurality of pounders, .guides for said pounders arranged in said auxiliary frame, a shaft having operating means for the pounders, bearing in said auxiliary frame for said shaft, a motor, driving gearing operatively connected to the motor and resilient coupling means between the motor and the shaft in the vertically adjustable auxiliary frame, some at least of said pounders provided with kneading members having a narrow elongated bottom part in the form of a blade having a bent crosssection, so that on the kneading member being lowered it will penetrate deeply into the concrete and different portions of the Working surfaces will force the concrete aside in diiferent directions.

8. A tool for the compression of concrete for road making machines as claimed in claim 1, in which the kneading member is rotatable on the carrier body about a Vertical axis so as to enable it to clear itself from stones or large pieces of aggregate which it may encounter on being lowered in the concrete.

9. A tool for the compression of concrete for road making machines, comprising a vertically reciprocatable carrier body having a Vertical bore therein and a kneading member provided at its upper end with a bolt rotatable in said vertical bore, said kneading member having a narrow elongated bottom part in the form of a blade having a bent cross section, so that on the kneading member being lowered it will penetrate deeply into the concrete and different portions of the working surfaces will force the concrete aside in different directions and on encountering any stones or large pieces of aggregate it will clear itself therefrom.

KASPAR WINKLER.

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