US2116702A - Electric gaseous discharge lamp - Google Patents
Electric gaseous discharge lamp Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2116702A US2116702A US172826A US17282637A US2116702A US 2116702 A US2116702 A US 2116702A US 172826 A US172826 A US 172826A US 17282637 A US17282637 A US 17282637A US 2116702 A US2116702 A US 2116702A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- electrodes
- discharge
- arcs
- lamp
- high pressure
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/92—Lamps with more than one main discharge path
Definitions
- a particular object of the invention is to pro vide a light source of extremely high brilliancy and of considerable area, adapted for use in an optical projection system.
- a further object of the invention is to provide a light source of high luminous efllciency having a long useful life. Still other objects and advantagesof the invention will appear from the following detailed specification or from an inspection of the accompanying drawing.
- Electric gaseous discharge lamps particularly of the mercury arc type recently, introduced on the market, wherein a pressure exceeding ten atmospheres is attained during operation, have many advantages, among them being high inminous efliciency, Due to the extremely high vapor pressure the are within these lamps isconstricted into the form of a thread of extremely high intrinsic brilliancy, of the order of 20,000 candles per square centimeter, and more. Similar constricted arcs are also attained in lamps wherein fixed gases are presentat high pressure.
- an electric metal vapor discharge lamp of the type which is adapted for operation with a vapor pressure of the order of II atmospheres has three or more thermionic electrodes arranged around the lightcenter of a spherical or short tubular discharge vessel. 0 These electrodes are fed with current in such a manner that two or more discharge arcs, which, are formed between them either simultaneously or with a phase displacement, produce a luminous area which includes more than 50% of the field bordered by the electrodes.
- electrically separated current sources are preferably used, such as separate transformers or a single transformer with several separate secondary windings.
- suitable wiring and electrode arrangement it is also possible in many cases to produce the number of electrodes used and their arrangement different discharge arcs by means of a single transformer having several secondary windings that are electrically connected with each other in a manner, described hereinafter.
- a single current source sumces, if a suitably proportioned resistance is connected in series with each pair of electrodes.
- a phase-displaced feeding of theindividual current circuits is expedient, while in some few cases it is necessary.
- phase-displaced current sources are used, or various kinds of impedances, such as choke coils, condensers or purely ohmic resistances or also combinations of these, can also be included in the current circuits.
- impedances such as choke coils, condensers or purely ohmic resistances or also combinations of these
- a regulatable former can also be used.
- the individual current circuits may be operated, where desired, with difierent kinds of electric currents and also voltages as well as frequencies. Thus one discharge are is in some cases operated with direct current and another one with alternating current.
- a substantially spherical discharge vessel has four thermionic electrodes arranged in a square, the mutual separation of which amounts to at most 20 mm., preferably only 3-6 mm.
- a high pressure discharge lamp constructed in this mane ner has diagonally opposite pairs of electrodes connected with two electrically separated alternating current sources so that the currents from these sources are phase-displaced by about 90, then, during operation the surprising phenomenon is produced, that not only do the expected two diagonally-running, alternately consecutive discharge arcs occur, but that, aside from these, unexpected discharge arcs are also formed between the adjacent electrodes fed from diflerent current sources, and furthermore, that these discharge arcs merge with each other in such a manner that almost the entire field bordered by the electrodes turns into a uniformly luminous I area of unusually high luminous density, thereby producing an ideal light source for projection pu p ses-
- another favorable construction form having a short tubular discharge vessel, two opposing rows of two or
- three thermionic electrodes are arranged triangularly, or four electrodesare-fixedin the form of a star, near the vessel midpoint. Or, where preferred, six electrodes arranged in the form of a hexagon can also be used. "These six electrodes are st/ connected with the three electrically separated secondary windings of a polyphase transformer that in each case two opposite'electrodes" are connected over a resistance with the endsof one secondary winding.
- the thermionic electrode pairs can be so arranged behind each other or displaced sidewise with respect to the direction of light radiation so that the discharge arcs as seen in the direction of lightradiation complement each other into a unitary luminous area.
- these high pressure vapor lamps ordinarily contain an ignition facilitating gas filling of suitable pressure, for instance arson or neon at 20 mm. pressure, in addition to a metal base body which delivers the high pressure vapor atmosphere during operation.
- suitable pressure for instance arson or neon at 20 mm. pressure
- the amount of the metal base body is accurately measured in order to limit it to such a quantity that all the metal completely vaporizes in the operation of the discharge vessel, and preferably before the device reaches its equilibrium temperature, so that the produced metal vapor is superheated in considerable measure, in order that the arc voltage, which depends on the vapor density, remains unchanged during operation even with voltage and temperature fluctuations of the surroundings.
- the metal base body instead of a single metal, can also consist, where desired, of a metal mixture, so that during operation a mixed light radiation results, which is composed of the spectra of two or more metal vapors.
- the high pressure vapor lamp can furthermore have auxiliary electrodes, for instance, in order to be able to surely ignite and operate the lamp on very low voltages.
- the high pressure vapor lamps constructed according to the invention are provided in a well known manner with cooling arrangements, for instance compressed air cooling.
- cooling arrangements for instance compressed air cooling.
- FIG. 1 is an elevational view of a discharge lamp especially designed for use on a two phase system
- Fig. 2 is a similar view of a modification of the structure of Fig. 1 together with a single phase operating circuit therefor, and
- Fig. 3 is an elevational view of a further modification of the structure of Fig; 1 which is especially designed for use in the three phase system which is schematically illustrated.
- a high pressure metal vapor lamp having a spherical discharge vessel l consisting of'quartz or of a high-melting glass, which vessel ,/has four right-angularly placed, outwardly projecting fuse-in nipples 2, into which the current feed wires 3 are fused, diagonally opposite pairs of which are connected to the two electrically separated transformers 4, S/through the series chokes 6, I.
- the voltages supplied by these transformers are out of phase, preferably by 90.
- the discharge vessel l contains four dischargeheated thermionic electrodes I of the usual construction arranged in the form of a square.
- the discharge vessel l further contains a gas filling which facilitates the ignition of the lamp, for instance a filling .01 neon or argon or a mixture of neon and argon or hellum with a pressure of 10-30 mm., as well as a mercury body 9 which vaporizes completely during operation.
- a gas filling which facilitates the ignition of the lamp, for instance a filling .01 neon or argon or a mixture of neon and argon or hellum with a pressure of 10-30 mm., as well as a mercury body 9 which vaporizes completely during operation.
- the expected phase-displaced discharge arcs are formed between the adjacent electrodes, with the result that virtually the entire field lying between the electrodes becomes a luminous area of unusually high intrinsic brilliancy.
- the discharge arcs flow into preferred embodiments amounts to only a few millimeters.
- the energy for this lamp is supplied by atransformer l6 having three secondary windings l1, ll, I! which are so connected with each other in the form of a cascade and so attached to the electrodes of the lamp that, in each half-wave of the alternating current, the two electrodes l2, ll of the lower row and also the two electrodes I 3, l of the upper row, each have the same polarity.
- the windings I1, I 8 and I9 lead to a discharge are from each of the electrodes l2 and H to each of the electrodes l3 and I5, respectively.
- These discharges cooperate with each other to substantially fill the area bounded by the electrodes with a light source of substantially uniform intensity.
- three or more electrode pairs can also be used and strung behind each other in which case five or more secondary windings are provided.
- a high pressure vapor lamp for polyphase current operation is shown, the spherical discharge vessel of which contains six thermionic electrodes 20, which are arranged in the form of a hexagon around the midpoint of the discharge vessel I at a mutual separation of a few millimeters.
- a polyphase transformerZl is used, having the primary windings 22, 23, 24 delta connected.
- the three secondary windings 25, 26, 21 are electrically separated from each other and are connected with the electrodes 20 over thecurrent-limiting chokes 28, 29, 30 in such a manner that the two ends of each secondary winding are connected with two diagonally opposite electrodes 20.
- an electric gaseous discharge device comprising a sealed envelopehaving three or more activated thermionic electrodes arranged therein with a relatively short gap therebetween, a gaseous atmosphere within said envelope adapted to support a high intensity constricted discharge between said electrodes,
- a metal vapor arc lamp comprising a sealed envelope containing a gasee ous atmosphere and a vaporizable metal in a quantity suflicient to give an operating pressure of the order of 10 atmospheres, and having three or more activated thermionic electrodes arranged therein with a relatively short gap therebetween, and means to connect a plurality of sources of electrical energy to separate pairs of said electrodes to produce a plurality of constricted arc discharges between said electrodes with the path of at least two of said discharges intersecting whereby there is produced a rela tively large field of high luminosity of the order of 50% of the area bounded by said electrodes.
- an electric gaseous discharge device comprising a sealed envelope having three or more activated thermionic electrodes arranged therein with a relatively short gap therebetween, a gaseous atmosphere within said envelope adapted to support a high intensity constricted discharge between said electrodes, and means to connect a plurality of phase-displaced sources of electrical energy to separate pairs of said electrodes to produce a plurality of constricted arc discharges between said electrodes with the path of at least two of said discharges intersecting, whereby the luminous area produced by said discharges is at least 50% of the area bounded by said electrodes.
Landscapes
- Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2116702X | 1936-11-24 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2116702A true US2116702A (en) | 1938-05-10 |
Family
ID=7985709
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US172826A Expired - Lifetime US2116702A (en) | 1936-11-24 | 1937-11-04 | Electric gaseous discharge lamp |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2116702A (xx) |
FR (1) | FR828877A (xx) |
NL (1) | NL48627C (xx) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2444427A (en) * | 1943-03-26 | 1948-07-06 | Standard Telephones Cables Ltd | Gas filled tube |
US2733373A (en) * | 1956-01-31 | Germer | ||
US2967256A (en) * | 1959-01-09 | 1961-01-03 | Gen Rallway Signal Company | Protective device |
US3611015A (en) * | 1970-04-06 | 1971-10-05 | Gen Electric | High intensity multiple arc lamp |
DE3320597A1 (de) * | 1983-06-08 | 1984-12-13 | W.C. Heraeus Gmbh, 6450 Hanau | Entladungslampe und schaltungsanordnung zum betrieb derselben |
US4631452A (en) * | 1981-03-19 | 1986-12-23 | Loughborough Consultants Limited | Apparatus and method for generating a plurality of electric discharges |
EP0609466A1 (en) * | 1992-08-27 | 1994-08-10 | TSUJINO, Hiroshi | Polyphase alternating current multi-electrode discharger, powdery waste disposal apparatus using this discharger, ozone generator, and light source apparatus |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS56160755A (en) * | 1980-05-15 | 1981-12-10 | Ushio Inc | Discharge lamp |
-
0
- NL NL48627D patent/NL48627C/xx active
-
1937
- 1937-11-04 US US172826A patent/US2116702A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1937-11-08 FR FR828877D patent/FR828877A/fr not_active Expired
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2733373A (en) * | 1956-01-31 | Germer | ||
US2444427A (en) * | 1943-03-26 | 1948-07-06 | Standard Telephones Cables Ltd | Gas filled tube |
US2967256A (en) * | 1959-01-09 | 1961-01-03 | Gen Rallway Signal Company | Protective device |
US3611015A (en) * | 1970-04-06 | 1971-10-05 | Gen Electric | High intensity multiple arc lamp |
US4631452A (en) * | 1981-03-19 | 1986-12-23 | Loughborough Consultants Limited | Apparatus and method for generating a plurality of electric discharges |
DE3320597A1 (de) * | 1983-06-08 | 1984-12-13 | W.C. Heraeus Gmbh, 6450 Hanau | Entladungslampe und schaltungsanordnung zum betrieb derselben |
EP0609466A1 (en) * | 1992-08-27 | 1994-08-10 | TSUJINO, Hiroshi | Polyphase alternating current multi-electrode discharger, powdery waste disposal apparatus using this discharger, ozone generator, and light source apparatus |
EP0609466A4 (en) * | 1992-08-27 | 1995-09-13 | Hiroshi Tsujino | MULTI-ELECTRODE DISCHARGE DEVICE WITH POLYPHASE ALTERNATING CURRENT, APPARATUS FOR MELTING WASTE POWDER AND USING THE SAME, OZONE GENERATOR, AND LIGHT SOURCE APPARATUS. |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NL48627C (xx) | |
FR828877A (fr) | 1938-06-01 |
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