US2106149A - Radio apparatus - Google Patents
Radio apparatus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2106149A US2106149A US84264A US8426436A US2106149A US 2106149 A US2106149 A US 2106149A US 84264 A US84264 A US 84264A US 8426436 A US8426436 A US 8426436A US 2106149 A US2106149 A US 2106149A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- energy
- radio
- gas
- modulating
- antenna
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H15/00—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by friction between rotary members
- F16H15/48—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by friction between rotary members with members having orbital motion
- F16H15/50—Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C23/00—Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/44—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03C—MODULATION
- H03C7/00—Modulating electromagnetic waves
- H03C7/02—Modulating electromagnetic waves in transmission lines, waveguides, cavity resonators or radiation fields of antennas
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION, OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
- H03L7/00—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation
- H03L7/26—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using energy levels of molecules, atoms, or subatomic particles as a frequency reference
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
- Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
- Electrostatic, Electromagnetic, Magneto- Strictive, And Variable-Resistance Transducers (AREA)
- Lasers (AREA)
Description
Jan. 18, 1938. I E UNDE 2,106,149
RADIO APPARATUS Original Filed Aug. 51, 1933 705: swear/v7- Erneai G L inder Patented Jan. 18, 1938 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE RADIO APPARATUS Original application August 31, 1933, Serial No.
687,544. 1936, Serial No. 84,264
9 Claims.
My invention relates to radio apparatus and particularly to means for modulating and demodulating radio energy having a short wave length.
This application is a division of my co-pending application Serial No. 687,544, filed August 31, 1933 which issued as Patent No. 2,047,930 on July 14, 1936.
While there are many advantages in the use of such radio energy, it is difficult to modulate it to the desired degree without changing its wave length. In other words, instead of obtaining a pure amplitude modulation, both amplitude and frequency modulation are obtained.
It is also diflicult to receive radio energy having a very short wave length because a slight variation in the frequency of the received energy prevents the energy from passing through the tuned circuit of the receiver.
It has been discovered that the difliculty in modulating such energy can be overcome by intercepting the path of the radio waves by means of a device which is electrically independent of the high frequency generator and by varying the electrical or mechanical characteristics, or both, of this device in accordance with a signal. Such a system is described and claimed in a co-pending application of Irving Wolff, Ser. No. 687,599 filed August 31, 1933, Patent No. 2,078,302, April 27, 1937, and assigned to the same assignee as this application.
An object of my invention is to provide an improved method and means for modulating high frequency radio energy in a system of the abovementioned type.
More specifically, an object of my invention is to provide an improved method and means for providing a high percentage of modulation of radio energy at very short wave lengths without producing frequency variations therein.
In practicing my invention, I improve upon the system disclosed in the above-mentioned Wolff application by interposing a region of free electric charges in the path of a radio wave and controlling a condition of said region in accordance with a signal, whereby the radio wave is modulated. Specifically, I prefer to interpose a region of ionized gas in the path of the radio wave and to vary the degree or character of ionization in accordance with a signal.
Other features and advantages of my invention will appear from the following description when taken in connection with the accompanying drawing in which Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of embodi- Divided and this application June 9*,
ments of my invention utilizing a beam of radio energy;
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of another em'- bodiment of my invention in which the radio energy is broadcast instead of being concentrated into a beam;
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a modified form of the invention as illustrated in Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is a curve showing the selective absorption characteristic of the gases preferably utilized in certain of said modulation devices.
The embodiment of the invention illustrated in Fig. 1 comprises a high frequency generator I, such as a magnetron oscillator, electrically connected to a dipole antenna 3 located inside a parabolic reflector 5. The energy radiated by the antenna 3 is directed into the form of a beam by the reflector 5 and is transmitted to a receiving reflector 'l which has a dipole antenna 9 located therein and connected to a radio receiver H. V
In the past it has been customary to signal over such a radio beam by modulating the high frequency energy at the generator itself, in which case the modulated radio energy is impressed upon the transmitting antenna. It is difiicult to obtain a radio beam of constant low wave length having amplitude modulation, for the reason that it has been found in practice that the modulating device at the generator may cause the frequency of the generator output wave to change.
In accordance with the above-mentioned embodiment of my invention, I pass the radio beam through the electric discharge of a modulating device l2 positioned in the path of the radio beam and electrically independent of the high frequency generator. This device comprises an envelope l3 filled with a gas, such as one of the noble gases, which can readily be ionized.
Electrodes l5 and H are positioned inside the envelope l3 and are connected to a source of ionizing potential l9 through a resistor 2| and the secondary 23 of an audio or modulation signal frequency transformer 25, the resistor 2| being provided to limit the flow of current through the V ionized gas. The primary 21 of the audio frequency transformer 25 is connected to the source of modulating current which is indicated on the drawing as being an audio frequency source.
By means of this circuit, the gas in the envelope I3 is maintained constantly ionized by the direct current potential of source l9, while the degree of ionization is varied in accordance with the modulating voltage appearing across the secondary 23. I have found that such a device will produce an undistorted modulated radio beam at the receiver. For example, if voice currents are put through the primary 2'5, the voice can be heard at the receiver in its original undistorted form.
The modulating device I2 may be positioned to intercept the radio beam at any point, although obviously the preferred position is relatively close to the transmitter reflector 5. If desired, the envelope may be placed inside the transmitter reflector, itself.
The modulating effect caused by the ionized gas is due to various properties of the gas. The modulating voltage varies the density and distribution of ionization within the envelope and hence the electrical and optical properties of the gas, such as dielectric constant, conductivity, coefiicient of absorption, coefiicient of reflection, diffuse scattering, temperature, etc.
The above described apparatus provides sub stantially pure amplitude modulation. The stability of the transmitter is much better than that of the usual short Wave transmitter since the oscillating circuit of the generator is not seriously interfered with. In fact, the only interference with the oscillating circuit is that produced by the small amount of energy which may be refiected from the ionized gas back into the refiector. This reflected energy may vary the load on the antenna slightly.
A further advantage inherent in this type of system is that a radio beam of greater intensity can be obtained from a given oscillator, since the oscillator may be adjusted for maximum output without regard to where the operating point lies on the characteristic curve of the oscillator. That is, the oscillator and modulator adjustments are independent of each other.
My invention is not restricted to beam transmission systems, but may be applied to transmitting systems in which the radio energy is radiated in all directions. For example, as illustrated in Fig. 2, a dipole antenna 95 mounted upon a nonconducting mast 98 may be surrounded completely by ionized gas enclosed in a long glass tube IIII. In this arrangement, the high frequency generator I03 connected to the antenna may, for example, generate energy having a wave length of the order of two or three meters.
The modulating circuit comprises a source of direct current potential I05 connected to electrodes I0! and I9 positioned at the ends of the tube IBI to provide a modulating device. The electrode circuit includes a resistor III and the secondary N3 of an audio frequency transformer H5. The primary III of the transformer is connected to a microphone IIS through a po tential source or battery I2I Instead of a dipole antenna, one of the type illustrated in Fig. 3 may be enclosed by the envelope IBM. In Fig. 3, however, the antenna is not located in the ionized gas, so that it is in con tact with the gas, but is surrounded by a helical tube of ionized gas which may be wound as shown, or otherwise disposed around the antenna. In this arrangement, electrodes indicated at I23 and IE5 at the ends of the gas filled tube 121 are connected to a modulating circuit, which is the same as the one shown in Fig. 2.
Radio energy may be supplied to the antenna I28 by means of any of the well known coupling circuits. In the circuit illustrated, the lower end of the antenna. IE8 is connected to the upper end of an inductance coil I 29 which has its lower end connected to one terminal of a condenser I3I, the other terminal of condenser I3I being connected to ground. A transmission line I 33 is provided to couple the generator I35 to the inductance coil I29.
My invention is not restricted to the use of an ionized gas discharge. Any other type of discharge may be employed which provides a region containing free electrical charges. For example, the use of a glow discharge, a corona discharge, a spark discharge, a pure electron discharge, a pure positive ion discharge, comes within the scope of my invention. Also, it is obvious that ionization of the gas may be produced by agencies other than those illustrated. For example, I may ionize the gas of a modulating tube by means of ultra violet light, X-rays, heat, or any combination of these.
The nature of the gas employed in the various modulating devices described may vary widely. Either pure gases or gas mixtures may be employed, but preferably noble gases are used. The gas pressure may vary from zero, where there is a pure electron discharge, up to the highest pressure at which a discharge can be produced. It will be understood that the pressure of the gas in tubes such as the ones shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 should be such that a uniform glow or region of ionization fills the greater part of the envelope.
Since some ionized gases show selective absorption for certain wave lengths due to plasma oscillations of electrons or ions, greater efliciency of modulation and demodulation may be obtained by operating near or at such absorption band. Fig. 4. shows how one of my modulating devices operating in the neighborhood of an absorption band (the device shown in Fig. l, for example), will absorb the radio beam as the current through the modulating device is changed.
It is well known that certain gases exhibit a resonant efiect which causes them to absorb a comparatively large amount of energy having a wave length corresponding to the resonant point of the gas. Assume that a radio beam of a certain wave length is impressed upon one of my gas modulating devices as shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, or Fig. 3, for example. If the gas pressure is made the proper value, the current through the modulating device can be increased until the gas absorbs the beam the maximum amount, that is, a resonant peak is obtained.
This resonant effect may be utilized in modulating the beam by adjusting the current through the modulating device until the point a: on the curve is reached. The modulation then varies the modulating tube current about the point. a: so that the absorption of the radio beam is varied between the limits 1 and 2.
It will be apparent that various other modifications may be made in my invention without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, and I desire, therefore, that only such limitations shall be placed thereon as are necessitated by the prior art and are imposed by the appended claims.
I claim as my invention:
1. In combination, means including an antenna for radiating radio energy, means for surrounding said antenna with ionized gas, and means for varying the ionization of said gas in accordance with a signal.
2. In combination, means including an antenna for radiating radio energy, means for surrounding said antenna with a region containing free electric charges, and means for varying the number of said free electric charges in accordance with a signal.
3. In combination, means including an a tenna for radiating radio energy, means for immersing said antenna in an ionized gas, and means for varying the ionization of said gas in accordance with a signal.
4. In combination, means including an antenna for radiating radio energy, means for immersing said antenna in a region containing free electric charges, and means for varying the number of said free electric charges in accordance with a signal.
5. The method of signaling which comprises generating and radiating electromagnetic radio frequency energy in all directions, creating a region containing free electric charges, passing said radiated energy through said region, and varying the number of said charges in accordance with a signal.
6. The method of signaling which comprises generating and radiating electromagnetic radio frequency energy in all directions, creating a region of ionized gas, passing said radiated energy through said region, and varying the degree of ionization in accordance with a signal.
7. The method of signaling which comprises generating and radiating electromagnetic radio frequency energy in all directions, creating a region of ionized gas, passing said radiated energy through said region, varying the degree of ioni-' zation in accordance with a signal, and absorbing energy from said broadcasted energy.
8. Electrical apparatus comprising means for generating electromagnetic energy at a high radio frequency, means for radiating said energy in substantially all directions, means for intercepting said energy by an ionized gas, said gas being confined in an envelope which substantially surrounds said radiating means, and means for controlling the electromagnetic energy absorbing properties of said ionized gas in accordance with a signal.
9. In combination, means including an antenna for broadcasting radio frequency energy, a spirally wound tubular envelope surrounding said antenna, an ionized gas retained within said envelope, and means for varying the ionization of said gas in accordance with a signal.
ERNEST G. LINDER.
Priority Applications (14)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL43272D NL43272C (en) | 1933-08-31 | ||
BE354930D BE354930A (en) | 1933-08-31 | ||
FR35989D FR35989E (en) | 1933-08-31 | 1928-10-11 | Substances transparent to ultraviolet rays and their manufacturing process |
US687575A US2085406A (en) | 1933-08-31 | 1933-08-31 | Electrical device |
GB17507/34A GB425571A (en) | 1933-08-31 | 1934-06-13 | Improvements in or relating to short wave radio apparatus |
GB24548/34A GB443426A (en) | 1933-08-31 | 1934-08-25 | Improvements in or relating to very short wave radio systems and apparatus |
FR777801D FR777801A (en) | 1933-08-31 | 1934-08-29 | Radio-electric device |
DER91312D DE678078C (en) | 1933-08-31 | 1934-08-31 | Method for modulating ultra-short waves |
US750791A US2064582A (en) | 1933-08-31 | 1934-10-31 | Radio apparatus |
DE1935R0094597 DE690438C (en) | 1933-08-31 | 1935-10-31 | |
US81004A US2159937A (en) | 1933-08-31 | 1936-05-21 | Electrical device |
US84263A US2173234A (en) | 1933-08-31 | 1936-06-09 | Radio apparatus |
US84264A US2106149A (en) | 1933-08-31 | 1936-06-09 | Radio apparatus |
US84262A US2142648A (en) | 1933-08-31 | 1936-06-09 | Radio apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US687544A US2047930A (en) | 1933-08-31 | 1933-08-31 | Radio apparatus |
US687575A US2085406A (en) | 1933-08-31 | 1933-08-31 | Electrical device |
US81004A US2159937A (en) | 1933-08-31 | 1936-05-21 | Electrical device |
US84263A US2173234A (en) | 1933-08-31 | 1936-06-09 | Radio apparatus |
US84264A US2106149A (en) | 1933-08-31 | 1936-06-09 | Radio apparatus |
US84262A US2142648A (en) | 1933-08-31 | 1936-06-09 | Radio apparatus |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2106149A true US2106149A (en) | 1938-01-18 |
Family
ID=32074826
Family Applications (5)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US687575A Expired - Lifetime US2085406A (en) | 1933-08-31 | 1933-08-31 | Electrical device |
US81004A Expired - Lifetime US2159937A (en) | 1933-08-31 | 1936-05-21 | Electrical device |
US84263A Expired - Lifetime US2173234A (en) | 1933-08-31 | 1936-06-09 | Radio apparatus |
US84264A Expired - Lifetime US2106149A (en) | 1933-08-31 | 1936-06-09 | Radio apparatus |
US84262A Expired - Lifetime US2142648A (en) | 1933-08-31 | 1936-06-09 | Radio apparatus |
Family Applications Before (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US687575A Expired - Lifetime US2085406A (en) | 1933-08-31 | 1933-08-31 | Electrical device |
US81004A Expired - Lifetime US2159937A (en) | 1933-08-31 | 1936-05-21 | Electrical device |
US84263A Expired - Lifetime US2173234A (en) | 1933-08-31 | 1936-06-09 | Radio apparatus |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US84262A Expired - Lifetime US2142648A (en) | 1933-08-31 | 1936-06-09 | Radio apparatus |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (5) | US2085406A (en) |
BE (1) | BE354930A (en) |
DE (2) | DE678078C (en) |
FR (2) | FR35989E (en) |
GB (2) | GB425571A (en) |
NL (1) | NL43272C (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2733411A (en) * | 1956-01-31 | Microwave amplitude modulator-i | ||
US3155924A (en) * | 1961-04-20 | 1964-11-03 | Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc | Plasma guide microwave selective coupler |
US3176227A (en) * | 1959-09-23 | 1965-03-30 | Bendix Corp | Control of ions in ionic media for communication and other purposes |
Families Citing this family (60)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2538062A (en) * | 1940-03-22 | 1951-01-16 | Touvet Guy | Light communication system |
US2520008A (en) * | 1940-04-05 | 1950-08-22 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Radio marker system |
US2461005A (en) * | 1940-04-05 | 1949-02-08 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Ultra high frequency transmission |
US2432984A (en) * | 1940-04-05 | 1947-12-23 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Electromagnetic wave reflection system |
US2885665A (en) * | 1941-05-29 | 1959-05-05 | Rca Corp | Pulse echo recognition systems |
US2464269A (en) * | 1942-06-12 | 1949-03-15 | Raytheon Mfg Co | Method and means for controlling the polarization of radiant energy |
US2524292A (en) * | 1944-04-18 | 1950-10-03 | Rca Corp | Radio vision system with high-speed scanner for short radio waves |
BE474864A (en) * | 1944-04-22 | |||
US2483768A (en) * | 1944-06-15 | 1949-10-04 | Rca Corp | Microwave-acoustic wave translator |
US2537102A (en) * | 1944-07-26 | 1951-01-09 | Stokes Irving | Radio system for identifying friendly aircraft and the like |
US2441749A (en) * | 1944-08-07 | 1948-05-18 | Carl M Brainard | Electrically energized visible unit |
US2563990A (en) * | 1944-09-23 | 1951-08-14 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Wave guide switching arrangement |
US2463297A (en) * | 1944-12-21 | 1949-03-01 | Gulf Research Development Co | Apparatus for testing insulating materials |
US2503412A (en) * | 1945-04-12 | 1950-04-11 | Rca Corp | Navigational system with beacon for determining angular position and distance |
US2599864A (en) * | 1945-06-20 | 1952-06-10 | Robertson-Shersby-Ha Rob Bruce | Wave front modifying wave guide system |
US2457601A (en) * | 1945-07-27 | 1948-12-28 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Wave translating apparatus |
US2444060A (en) * | 1945-07-27 | 1948-06-29 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Wave translating device |
BE470913A (en) * | 1945-07-31 | |||
US2524765A (en) * | 1945-07-31 | 1950-10-10 | Standard Telephones Cables Ltd | Radio beacon |
US2703882A (en) * | 1946-01-09 | 1955-03-08 | Wilkes Gilbert | Radiant energy transmission system |
US2656256A (en) * | 1946-03-18 | 1953-10-20 | Max L Yeater | Method of testing a metallic sample |
US2543130A (en) * | 1946-07-03 | 1951-02-27 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Reflecting system |
US2538063A (en) * | 1946-07-11 | 1951-01-16 | Touvet Guy | Search and orientation system |
US2592777A (en) * | 1946-08-21 | 1952-04-15 | Williams Frederic Calland | Pulse-echo identifying system |
US2707235A (en) * | 1947-04-26 | 1955-04-26 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Frequency selective systems |
US2510020A (en) * | 1947-10-28 | 1950-05-30 | Rca Corp | Reflector for radar navigation |
NL144629B (en) * | 1948-02-06 | Shell Int Research | PROCESS FOR PREPARING SOLUBLE CONDENSATION PRODUCTS AND WATER DILUTABLE PAINT BINDERS. | |
US2959783A (en) * | 1948-03-16 | 1960-11-08 | Iams Harley | Scanning antennas using dielectric with variable refraction |
US2538035A (en) * | 1948-04-03 | 1951-01-16 | Int Standard Electric Corp | Absorbing screen for directive radiation |
US2605428A (en) * | 1948-04-22 | 1952-07-29 | Henry P Kalmus | Device for the amplification of minute space currents |
US2539594A (en) * | 1948-07-17 | 1951-01-30 | Robert H Rines | System and method of communication |
US2576146A (en) * | 1948-08-17 | 1951-11-27 | Ruze John | Rapid scanning system |
US3404401A (en) * | 1948-10-01 | 1968-10-01 | Int Standard Electric Corp | Directive beam rotating means |
US2641702A (en) * | 1948-10-22 | 1953-06-09 | Int Standard Electric Corp | Control of wave length in wave guide and coaxial lines |
US2688744A (en) * | 1948-11-12 | 1954-09-07 | Philco Corp | Means for controlling antenna characteristics in object locating systems of the reflection type |
US2716746A (en) * | 1950-10-31 | 1955-08-30 | Rca Corp | Focusing of radar beams for a tracking radar |
BE510441A (en) * | 1951-04-06 | |||
DE969289C (en) * | 1951-06-27 | 1958-05-14 | Interessengemeinschaft Fuer Ru | Arrangement for the transmission of signals |
FR1094934A (en) * | 1953-11-19 | 1955-05-25 | Lobe scanning microwave antenna | |
US3262118A (en) * | 1959-04-28 | 1966-07-19 | Melpar Inc | Scanning antenna with gaseous plasma phase shifter |
US3067420A (en) * | 1959-04-28 | 1962-12-04 | Melpar Inc | Gaseous plasma lens |
US3081432A (en) * | 1960-04-27 | 1963-03-12 | William W Balwanz | Electromagnetic energy measurement apparatus and method |
US3375519A (en) * | 1960-05-19 | 1968-03-26 | Litton Ind Of Maryland Inc | Scanning reflector |
US3251997A (en) * | 1961-02-10 | 1966-05-17 | Varian Associates | Optical communication system |
US3287729A (en) * | 1961-12-14 | 1966-11-22 | Marconi Co Ltd | Polarisers for very high frequency electro-magnetic waves |
DE1286593B (en) * | 1962-08-09 | 1969-01-09 | Philips Patentverwaltung | Arrangement for controlling the reflection of radar waves using dielectric and ferromagnetic material arranged as a plate |
US3245008A (en) * | 1963-02-27 | 1966-04-05 | Gen Electric | Gas tube reflective surface ionizable by high energy electromagnetic waves |
US3372394A (en) * | 1963-07-29 | 1968-03-05 | Trw Inc | Electronically steerable antenna system utilizing controllable dipolar resonant plasma column |
US4347512A (en) * | 1968-04-18 | 1982-08-31 | Allied Corporation | Communications systems utilizing a retrodirective antenna having controllable reflectivity characteristics |
US3930715A (en) * | 1973-05-24 | 1976-01-06 | Brumlik George C | Optical plasma devices |
US3955199A (en) * | 1974-08-21 | 1976-05-04 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Method of and apparatus for ground testing doppler navigation sets-a doppler radar simulator |
US4399403A (en) * | 1981-09-22 | 1983-08-16 | Strandberg Engineering Laboratories, Inc. | Microwave moisture measuring, indicating and control apparatus |
EP0230969A1 (en) * | 1986-01-24 | 1987-08-05 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Phased array antenna |
US4839567A (en) * | 1986-12-23 | 1989-06-13 | Milton R M | Illuminated aerial marker |
GB2202415A (en) * | 1987-03-17 | 1988-09-21 | Ferranti Plc | Object identification system |
GB8927905D0 (en) * | 1989-12-09 | 1990-02-14 | Lucas Ind Plc | Detection device |
SE510565C2 (en) * | 1992-11-10 | 1999-06-07 | Stig Anders Petersson | Vågledarlins |
DE4336841C1 (en) * | 1993-10-28 | 1995-05-04 | Deutsche Aerospace | Cover for radar antennas |
US20080000232A1 (en) * | 2002-11-26 | 2008-01-03 | Rogers James E | System for adjusting energy generated by a space-based power system |
US10770785B2 (en) | 2017-04-05 | 2020-09-08 | Smartsky Networks LLC | Plasma radome with flexible density control |
-
0
- NL NL43272D patent/NL43272C/xx active
- BE BE354930D patent/BE354930A/xx unknown
-
1928
- 1928-10-11 FR FR35989D patent/FR35989E/en not_active Expired
-
1933
- 1933-08-31 US US687575A patent/US2085406A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1934
- 1934-06-13 GB GB17507/34A patent/GB425571A/en not_active Expired
- 1934-08-25 GB GB24548/34A patent/GB443426A/en not_active Expired
- 1934-08-29 FR FR777801D patent/FR777801A/en not_active Expired
- 1934-08-31 DE DER91312D patent/DE678078C/en not_active Expired
-
1935
- 1935-10-31 DE DE1935R0094597 patent/DE690438C/de not_active Expired
-
1936
- 1936-05-21 US US81004A patent/US2159937A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1936-06-09 US US84263A patent/US2173234A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1936-06-09 US US84264A patent/US2106149A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1936-06-09 US US84262A patent/US2142648A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2733411A (en) * | 1956-01-31 | Microwave amplitude modulator-i | ||
US3176227A (en) * | 1959-09-23 | 1965-03-30 | Bendix Corp | Control of ions in ionic media for communication and other purposes |
US3155924A (en) * | 1961-04-20 | 1964-11-03 | Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc | Plasma guide microwave selective coupler |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US2142648A (en) | 1939-01-03 |
NL43272C (en) | |
DE690438C (en) | 1940-04-25 |
US2159937A (en) | 1939-05-23 |
FR777801A (en) | 1935-03-01 |
US2173234A (en) | 1939-09-19 |
GB443426A (en) | 1936-02-25 |
BE354930A (en) | |
FR35989E (en) | 1930-04-05 |
GB425571A (en) | 1935-03-18 |
US2085406A (en) | 1937-06-29 |
DE678078C (en) | 1939-07-08 |
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