US2105568A - Apparatus for diathermic treatment - Google Patents
Apparatus for diathermic treatment Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2105568A US2105568A US16183A US1618335A US2105568A US 2105568 A US2105568 A US 2105568A US 16183 A US16183 A US 16183A US 1618335 A US1618335 A US 1618335A US 2105568 A US2105568 A US 2105568A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- circuit
- plate
- coil
- high frequency
- winding
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/40—Applying electric fields by inductive or capacitive coupling ; Applying radio-frequency signals
Definitions
- This invention relates to new and useful improvements in apparatus for diathermic treatment.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a generator of very high frequency oscillations (oscillations substantially below a wave length of ten meters) which is simple to construct and operate, the output of which may be tuned to insure great efficiency and measured without waste of energy and which, therefore, is particularly adapted for use in apparatus for diathermic treatment.
- All of the power required is obtained from the electric light mains by means of. a flexible cord l to one end of which a plug is attached which may be inserted into a suitable outlet fixture. Since the usual voltage and frequency of electric light mains is 105 to 115 volts and 50 to cycles per second, respectively, the power supply equipment is designed accordingly. The other end of the cord is connected to terminal strip 2, which provides a convenient arrangement for distributing the power supply. However, before distribution the power supply is made to flow through a double pole single throw switch 3 which is properly fused in each blade.
- Power is then supplied to the primary winding 6 of a filament transformer 5, one side of the circuit being taken from one side of the switch 3 through adjustable rheostat 4 to one side of the Winding 6, the other side being taken first to the terminal strip 2 where it may be connected to the terminal which in turn connects to the other terminal of winding 5 or to another terminal connecting to a point intermediate the ends of winding 6.
- This alternate connection to include all or only part of the winding 6 is provided to take care of, differences in the voltage of the supply mains, the whole of winding 6 being used when the voltage is near 115 volts and part of the winding when the voltage is near volts.
- the secondary winding l of the transformer 5 is designed with respect to the number of turns relative to winding 6 to deliver a voltage suitable for filaments 8 and 9 of vacuum tubes l7 and 18, respectively.
- the ratio of the turns in winding 6 to those in Winding 7 is in the neighborhood of ten to one.
- the terminals of winding i are connected to terminals of the terminal strip 2 which in turn connect through choke coils ill and H to the filaments 8 and 9.
- a voltmeter l4, shunted by a capacitance I5 is connected across the filaments 8 and 9 in parallel, with a high frequency choke coil in series with each wire leading to the voltmeter.
- These high frequency choke coils I2 and I3 are designed to present a high impedance to the fiow of alternating current, the frequency of which is within the range generated by the vacuum tubes I7 and 18. Consequently, they suppress the flow of ultra-high frequency current in the voltmeter circuit.
- the capacitance l5 provides a low impedance by-pass without interfering with the proper functioning of the voltmeter. The voltmeter it provides a means of determining when the filament voltage has been adjusted to the proper value by the rheostat 4.
- the blower I6 is installed inside the cabinet housing the equipment in order to provide the needed cooling of the equipment.
- the remainder of the power at the proper voltages is supplied to grids 2
- the voltage of the mains is connected through the proper terminals on the terminal strip 2 to the whole or part of the primary winding 23 in the same manner and for the same reason as explained in the case of primary winding 6 of the filament transformer 5.
- the secondary winding of transformer 23 comprises two parts 25 and 26 which constitute in effect a single winding tapped at a point intermediate the ends. This intermediate point is connected to ground thus providing a conductive connection to the filament circuit via a ground connected to one side of the filament choke coil II.
- This conductive connection with the filament circuit makes the voltages applied to the grids and plates of the vacuum tubes by the windings 25 and 26, respectively, bear a definite relation to the potential of the filament circuit.
- the free terminal of winding 25 is conductively connected to the grids 2
- the choke 28 is designed to suppress the flow of ultra-high frequency current in the common lead.
- Capacitance 2'! shunted across the winding 25 serves to prevent oscillation of the tubes at some undesired. audio frequency, which might take place under the control of the windings of the plate power transformer.
- the free end of winding 26 is likewise conductively connected to the plates l9 and 20 through a divided circuit comprising ultra-high frequency choke coil 30, one terminal of which is connected to the free end of winding 26 and the other terminal of. which is connected to the mid-point of inductance coil 3! which, in turn, has one terminal connected to the plate l9 and the other to plate 29. Therefore, the voltage with respect to the filament circuit which exists at the free terminal of winding 26 is effectively applied to the plates 59 and 20 simultaneously.
- the ultra-high frequency choke coil 30 serves to suppress the ultra-high frequency current from flowing in the common lead.
- the voltage induced in the secondary comprising windings 25 and 26 is likewise alternating at the same rate. It is evident that the voltage existing at any given instant, except when the instantaneous induced voltage is zero, at the free terminal of winding 26 is opposite in polarity to that existing at the free terminal of winding 25 at the same instant and, further, since the filament circuit is connected to an intermediate point, the potential applied to the grids 2
- the conditions for selfoscillation are fulfilled substantially at the frequency for which the series circuit comprising 2 ll9--3l20-2229-2l is resonant.
- the series resonant frequency of an electrical circuit depends upon the inductance and capacitance comprised in the circuit.
- the inductance of the oscillation circuit comprises coils 29 and iii and the capacitance comprises the inter-electrode capacitances between grid 2! and plate 59 of tube ll and between grid 22 and plate 25 of tube l8.
- ultra-high frequency alternating current may be generated since the interelectrode capacitances are extremely small and the coils 2e and 3! may be extremely small inductances.
- the divided circuit method of applying the grid and plate biasing potentials makes it possible to confine the ultra-high frequency oscillations to the circuit 2 ll 9-3 l-2ii22 292l and an output circuit about to be described.
- vCoil 3! is inductively coupled to two coils 32 and 33 which form part of a tuned output circuit the additional parts of which are an uncoupled inductance 34 shunted by a measuring circuit and and an adjustable capacitance 35.
- the measuring circuit is inductively coupled with coil 3! of the oscillator.
- This output circuit may be adjusted to resonate with the ultra-high frequency oscillation generated by the vacuum tubes by means of an adjustable capacitance 36.
- the midpoint of the coil 34 is connected to ground through the ultra-high frequency choke coil 35.
- the purpose of the high frequency choke coil 35 is to provide a power frequency path toground and prevent the possibility of injury to the patient from the power voltages.
- the capacitance 35 is arranged as two equal series capacitances with the movable middle portion connected to ground. These ground connections are for the purpose of balancing the circuit to ground and in that way largely prevent the flow of longitudinal currents which if permitted to fiow would cause unequal currents to flow through output terminals 2 and it which are connected across the anti-resonant points of the output tuned circuit.
- the measuring circuit is provided with a thermocouple 3'? whose heater is connected across the coil 34 and whose meter is connected to a sensitive direct current meter 40 through ultra-high frequency choke coils 33 and 39.
- the meter 45 is shunted by a capacitance 4
- the usual electrodes are connected to the output terminals 42, 33 and the patient or the part of the body to be treated is placed between these electrodes.
- the oscillator may be useful in other structures, the output circuit may be coupled with other types of oscillators, etc.
- two vacuum tube oscillators each having a filament, a grid and a plate electrode, a filament and a plate current transformer, a source of alternating current connected with the primary windings of said transformers, connections joining the secondary winding of the filament transformer the filaments of said tubes to form a closed circuit, one point of said circuit being grounded, a secondary winding for the plate transformer grounded at a point intermediate its ends, a connection between the two grids includ- 75 two coils coupled ing an induction coil connected at its midpoint to one end of the plate transformer secondary, a condenser bridged across said one end of the plate transformer secondary and the grounded point of the secondary winding, a connection between the two plates including an inductance coil connected at its midpoint to the other end of the plate transformer secondary, an output circuit including a coil coupled with the last mentioned induction coil, an inductance in said output circuit, a variable capacitance bridged across said coil and inductance, and a measuring circuit bridged across said in
- two vacuum tube oscillators each having a filament, a grid and a plate electrode, a filament and a plate current transformer, a source of alternating current connected with the primary windings of said transformers, connections from the secondary winding of the filament transformer to the filaments of said tubes including two choke coils one point of said connections being grounded, a voltmeter, a high frequency bypass around said voltmeter, a connection from said voltmeter across said filaments in parallel, a choke coil in each branch of the last mentioned connection presenting high impedance to current of a frequency within the range of the oscillators, a secondary winding for the plate transformer grounded at a point intermediate its ends, a connection between the two grids including an induction coil, a high frequency choke coil con nected at one end to the midpoint of said induction coil and at the other end to one end of the plate transformer secondary, a condenser bridged across said one end of the plate transformer secondary and the grounded point of the secondary winding, a connection between
- a high frequency oscillator comprising two vacuum tubes each having a filament, a grid and a plate electrode, a filament and a plate current transformer, a source of alternating current connected with the primary windings of said transformers, connections from the secondary winding of the filament transformer to the filaments of said tubes including two choke coils one point of said connections being grounded, a voltmeter, a high frequency shunt around said voltmeter, a connection from said voltmeter across said filaments in parallel, a choke coil in each branch of the last mentioned connection presenting high impedance to current of a frequency within the range of the oscillators, a secondary winding for the plate transformer grounded at a point intermediate its ends, a connection between the two grids including an induction coil, a high frequency choke coil connected at one end to the midpoint of said induction coil and at the other end to one end of the plate transformer secondary, a condenser bridged across said one end of the plate transformer secondary and the grounded point of the secondary winding, a connection between the two plates including an in
- two vacuum tubes each having a cathode, a grid and an anode, a high-frequency oscillatory circuit including said anodes, said anodes being connected in the circuit at such points that the oscillatory potentials on said anodes are in opposite phase, a source of low frequency alternating current, means including a transformer connected to said source and connections from the transformer secondary to the cathodes, grids and anodes of both tubes for applying simultaneously to the grid and anode of each tube bias potentials alternating with respect to the cathode potential at the frequency of said source of alternating current, the two grid bias potentials being in phase with each other but of opposite polarity with respect to the potentials of every point of the cathodes from the corresponding plate bias potentials, and all said bias potentials being substantially constant during a number of cycles of the oscillator circuit.
- a high-frequency oscillator having a resonant circuit including an inductance coil, a variably tunable output circuit symmetrical with respect toground comprising a variable condenser in series with an impedance, two portions of said impedance being magnetically coupled to said inductance coil and another uncoupled portion of said impedance being connected serially between said first two portions, and a current indicating device connected across only said other portion for indicating the current flowing in said output circuit.
- a high frequency oscillatory circuit for generating high frequency oscillations including two vacuum tubes, each having a cathode, a grid and an anode, said tubes being connected in said circuit in push-pull relationship with respect to the high frequency oscillations to be generated, a source of low frequency alternating current, means for applying bias potentials which alternate above the highest and below the lowest cathode potential at the frequency of said alternating current from said source simultaneously to the grid and anode of each tube, the two grid bias potentials being in phase with each other but of opposite polarity with respect to the oathode potentials from the corresponding plate bias potentials, and all said bias potentials being substantially constant during a number of cycles of the high frequency oscillations, and means for heating said cathode from said source.
- an oscillating circuit including in series the grid to plate capacities of said tubes and two inductances, one of which is connected between the two grids and the other of which is connected between the two plates, a source of current, a connection from said source to said filaments, means for connecting said source with the plates and grids including a transformer and connections extending from the ends of the transformer secondary branchingly through said inductances to said plates and grids, a connection between an intermediate point of the transformer secondary and the filaments, an output circuit coupled with said oscillating circuit, and means for variably tuning said output circuit.
- an oscillating circuit including in series the grid to plate capacities of said tubes and two inductances, one of which is connected between the two grids and the other of which is connected between the two plates, a source of current, a connection from said source to said filaments, means for connecting said source with the plates and grids including a transformer and connections extending from the ends of the transformer secondary branchingly through said induotances to said plates and grids, a connection between an intermediate point of the transformer secondary and the filaments, an output circuit containing an inductance coupled with one of the inductances in the oscillating circuit, a variable capacitance in the output circuit, and a measuring circuit bridged across another inductance in the output circuit.
- two-vacuum, tubes each having a filament, a plate and a grid electrode, an oscillating circuit including the grids and plates of said tubes and two inductances of which one connects the two grids and the other connects the two plates, a source of current, a connection from said source to said filaments, means for connecting said source with the plates and grids including a transformer having a secondary, and circuits extending from the ends of said secondary dividedly through said inductances to the grids and plates, and a connection between an intermediate point of said secondary and the filaments.
- a high frequency oscillating circuit including in series the grids and plates of said tubes and two inductances of which one connects the two grids and the other connects the two plates, a source of current, a connection from said source to said filaments, means including a transformer secondary of which each end is connected to one of said inductances for supplying low frequency alternating bias potentials from said source to the plates and grids, said bias potentials remaining substantially constant during a number of cycles of oscillation of said high frequency circuit, and a connection between an intermediate point of the transformer secondary and the filamerits.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BE414943D BE414943A (fr) | 1935-04-13 | ||
US16183A US2105568A (en) | 1935-04-13 | 1935-04-13 | Apparatus for diathermic treatment |
FR807135D FR807135A (fr) | 1935-04-13 | 1936-04-04 | Perfectionnements aux appareils électriques pour traitement diathermique |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US16183A US2105568A (en) | 1935-04-13 | 1935-04-13 | Apparatus for diathermic treatment |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2105568A true US2105568A (en) | 1938-01-18 |
Family
ID=21775819
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US16183A Expired - Lifetime US2105568A (en) | 1935-04-13 | 1935-04-13 | Apparatus for diathermic treatment |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2105568A (fr) |
BE (1) | BE414943A (fr) |
FR (1) | FR807135A (fr) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2438595A (en) * | 1944-05-03 | 1948-03-30 | Girdler Corp | High-frequency generator |
US2526064A (en) * | 1944-07-29 | 1950-10-17 | Edward L Chappell | Apparatus for ultra short wave therapy |
US2668540A (en) * | 1949-09-19 | 1954-02-09 | Relaxacizor Inc | Means for electrical therapy |
-
0
- BE BE414943D patent/BE414943A/xx unknown
-
1935
- 1935-04-13 US US16183A patent/US2105568A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1936
- 1936-04-04 FR FR807135D patent/FR807135A/fr not_active Expired
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2438595A (en) * | 1944-05-03 | 1948-03-30 | Girdler Corp | High-frequency generator |
US2526064A (en) * | 1944-07-29 | 1950-10-17 | Edward L Chappell | Apparatus for ultra short wave therapy |
US2668540A (en) * | 1949-09-19 | 1954-02-09 | Relaxacizor Inc | Means for electrical therapy |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BE414943A (fr) | |
FR807135A (fr) | 1937-01-05 |
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