US2105035A - Process fob the manufacture of spun - Google Patents
Process fob the manufacture of spun Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2105035A US2105035A US2105035DA US2105035A US 2105035 A US2105035 A US 2105035A US 2105035D A US2105035D A US 2105035DA US 2105035 A US2105035 A US 2105035A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- fibres
- fibrous material
- agents
- skins
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 30
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 18
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 64
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 50
- 210000003491 Skin Anatomy 0.000 description 48
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 40
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 38
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 22
- 230000002522 swelling Effects 0.000 description 14
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000004902 Softening Agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 8
- -1 mordants Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 8
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 6
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N formic acid Chemical compound OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002965 rope Substances 0.000 description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N HCl Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000010626 work up procedure Methods 0.000 description 4
- 210000001520 Comb Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 235000002723 Dioscorea alata Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000007056 Dioscorea composita Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000009723 Dioscorea convolvulacea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000005362 Dioscorea floribunda Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000004868 Dioscorea macrostachya Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000005361 Dioscorea nummularia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000005360 Dioscorea spiculiflora Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000005760 Dioscorea villosa Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000004129 EU approved improving agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000001035 Gastrointestinal Tract Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000002268 Wool Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000006350 apichu Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000009960 carding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001627 detrimental Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000004879 dioscorea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000011167 hydrochloric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002649 leather substitute Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000036548 skin texture Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001187 sodium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003567 thiocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
- C14B—MECHANICAL TREATMENT OR PROCESSING OF SKINS, HIDES OR LEATHER IN GENERAL; PELT-SHEARING MACHINES; INTESTINE-SPLITTING MACHINES
- C14B1/00—Manufacture of leather; Machines or devices therefor
- C14B1/02—Fleshing, unhairing, samming, stretching-out, setting-out, shaving, splitting, or skiving skins, hides, or leather
- C14B1/24—Cutting or shearing hairs without cutting the skin
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S264/00—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
- Y10S264/38—Making film or tubes from casein
Definitions
- This invention relates to a process 'for the manufacture of spun goods, fabrics and the like. It is known to subject animal skins, after loosening the skin texture by suitable treatment,
- the object of the present invention is to employ fibres, obtained from animal skins, such as neats skins, calf skins and the like, or waste from the same, for textile purposes, for example for the production of spun goods, fabrics and the like and products obtained therefrom.
- the unfavourable colloidal properties of the skin fibres. which have a detrimental effect, particularly when converting the moist fibrous material into more or less extensively dried material, however, stand in the way of such application. If, for example, the skins, the structure of which has been loosened in known manner by the action of swelling agents, e. g. milk of lime, are subjected to a mechanical disintegrating process, a wet or moist coarse fibrous material is first obtained, which consists of fibre bundles or contains the same as essential constituent.
- swelling agents e. g. milk of lime
- This may, for example, be effected by subjecting the coarse fibrous material, obtained from a hide substance, for example by chemical, physical or biological loosening treatments and mechanical disintegration, to a treatment with liquids miscible with water such as alcohol, acetone and the like.
- a treatment with liquids miscible with water such as alcohol, acetone and the like.
- the invention may, for example, be carried into effect by converting the skins or skin parts to be worked up, by treatment with alkaline liquids,
- This may be effected in a very simple manner, for example by causing liquids having a shrinking or unswelling action, such as alcohol, acetone and the like, to react with the material, previously freed from the main quantity of liquid present by procedures, such as draining, expressing, centrifuging and the like, under conditions, under which more or less extensive dehydration of the fibrous material takes place.
- the organic liquid may, for example, be allowed to irrigate or trickle through, or be sucked or pressed through, the fibrous material, an advantageous procedure being to connect several treatment vessels, charged with fibrous material, in series and to pass the organic liquid through the system.
- the organic liquid may be removed by usual methods, such as passing air or other gases, which may if desired be heated, through the material, evacuating or the like procedures, and subjecting the coarse fibrous material to fine shredding.
- air or other gases which may if desired be heated, through the material, evacuating or the like procedures, and subjecting the coarse fibrous material to fine shredding.
- individual fibres are obtained, which, with regard to tenacity, uniformity, length of staple and the like, are suitable for being further worked up in the textile industry by processes such as spinning, weaving and the like.
- agents of theafores'aid kind are those, which are capable of reducing'or removing the hydrophile properties of the skin fibres, of improving the fibres with regard to elasticity, pliability, crimping and the like, of increasing the absorptive powers of the same for dyestuffs and the like.
- agents for improving the properties of the fibres there may, for example, be employed vegetable and mineral tanning agents, oils, fats, mordants, softening agents and the like.
- the aforesaid agents may be introduced during the treatment of the coarse fibrous material together with the agents for altering the colloidal properties of the fibres or may also be employed previously or subsequently.
- the resulting fine fibrous material may be worked up. alone or together with other fibres capable of being worked up in the textile industry, for example wool fibres, by the usual methods employed in the textile industry. If the fibrous material has not been treated with tanning agents or similarly acting agents, it is advisable to subject the further worked up products to such a Examples l.1000 kgms. of normally limed hide waste are laid for 20 days in milk of lime at air temperature and/or allowed to stand in the presence or absence of atmospheric air at ordinary or slightly elevated temperature and/ or treated with mildly acting acids, e. g. 1-5% acetic acid.
- the loosened hide'material is subjected to a more or less extensive mechanical disintegrating or shredding treatment in a Hollander, the resulting material, consisting for example subtantially of fibre ropes, is freed from excess water, for example by expressing, the water still present is more or less extensively displaced by alcohol, if desired by successive treatments with alcohol and acetone, and the resulting fibrous mass, which, besides any water still present may possibly also contain more orless large quantities of organic liquid, is worked up on suitable apparatus, such as carding combs, teasles and the like, into a fine fibrous material. It is not necessary to effect complete or extensive drying of the coarse fibrous material.
- Coarse fibrous material which still contains certain quantities of moisture, may also be worked up and the fine shredding be efiected in such a way, that the excess of moisture is if desired thereby reduced or given off.
- the fine fibrous material may then be worked up by usual methods into yam, fabric and the like.
- the material may be subjected, for example in the hank or piece, to a treatment with such agents, as tanning agents, oils, fats, mordants, SQftening agents, dyestufis and the like.
- a repeated treatment with agents as aforesaid, if desired difierent agents, may take place, fa"v example a treatment of the fibrous material and, a subsequent treatment of the yarn or fabric.
- difierent agents for treating yarns or fabrics with agents, with the aid of which the texture is thoroughlywetied or moistened, drying may be effected, if desired with the aid of organic solvents.
- the improvement which comprises treating animal skins with swelling agents, mechanically shredding the swollen skins coarsely while in swollen condition, removing the excess water present in the coarse fibrous material, treating the coarsely shredded fibrous material with organic liquids, said organic liquids being miscible with water and chemically inert with respect to said fibres, and having the property of changing the colloidal properties'of the fibres, thereby removing thegreater portion of the absorbed water and preventing the fibrous material from gumming up and becoming horny, and finely shredding the material so treated while still substantially free from water.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
Description
Patented Jan. 11, 1938 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SPUN GOODS, FABRICS, AND THE LIKE No Drawing. Application November 1, 1934, Se rial No. 751,112. In Germany November 2, 1933 5 Claims.
This invention relates to a process 'for the manufacture of spun goods, fabrics and the like. It is known to subject animal skins, after loosening the skin texture by suitable treatment,
for example with the aid of liquids having a swelling action, to a mechanical disintegrating treatment and to work up the fibrous material so obtained in a wet or moist condition to products, silizch as artificial leather, artificial gut and the 11 e.
The object of the present invention is to employ fibres, obtained from animal skins, such as neats skins, calf skins and the like, or waste from the same, for textile purposes, for example for the production of spun goods, fabrics and the like and products obtained therefrom. The unfavourable colloidal properties of the skin fibres. which have a detrimental effect, particularly when converting the moist fibrous material into more or less extensively dried material, however, stand in the way of such application. If, for example, the skins, the structure of which has been loosened in known manner by the action of swelling agents, e. g. milk of lime, are subjected to a mechanical disintegrating process, a wet or moist coarse fibrous material is first obtained, which consists of fibre bundles or contains the same as essential constituent. It has been found to be impossible to convert this moist coarse fibrous material on a technical scale into fine fibres suitable for textile purposes. On drying the coarse fibrous material by heating, if desired in a vacuum, passing air over and the like procedures, it has been found that the colloidal properties of the fibres are unfavourably changed. The fibres thereby tend to stick together and become horny and brittle and to crack. Fibres and fibre bundles, which have been already liberated, readily again stick together in the form of ropes and lumps. Attempts to work up dry material obtained in this way into fine fibres, such as are required for further working up in the textile industry, have shown that the fibre bundles and ropes cannot be separated from one another,
without .the fibres becoming broken up into small shreds or fragments.
Exhaustive researches have shown that the difficulties described above can be successfully overcome by treating the disintegrated product, obtained by mechanical disintegration of the previously loosened skins, with agents, which are capable of so altering the colloidal properties of the skin fibres, that disturbing phenomena, such as sticking together, becoming horny and the like. no longer appear and subjecting the material so treated to a fine teasing out or shredding treatment.
This may, for example, be effected by subjecting the coarse fibrous material, obtained from a hide substance, for example by chemical, physical or biological loosening treatments and mechanical disintegration, to a treatment with liquids miscible with water such as alcohol, acetone and the like. In this way it is possible to bring the fibrous material into a condition, which enables the material to be disintegrated without damage thereto into individual fibres suitable for further working up in the textile industry.
The invention may, for example, be carried into effect by converting the skins or skin parts to be worked up, by treatment with alkaline liquids,
such as milk of lime, dilute soda lye or ammonia, or with acid liquids, such as formic acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, hydrochloric acid or sulphurous acid, or with salt solutions, such as thiocyanates, sodium carbonate or the like, into a condition, which enables disintegration to be effected without damage to the material and whilst maintaining the fibres, subjecting the pretreated skins to more or less extensive disintegration for example by treatment in a hollander, and depriving the disintegrated product of the unfavourable colloidal properties, which prevent it from being further worked up into fine fibres. This may be effected in a very simple manner, for example by causing liquids having a shrinking or unswelling action, such as alcohol, acetone and the like, to react with the material, previously freed from the main quantity of liquid present by procedures, such as draining, expressing, centrifuging and the like, under conditions, under which more or less extensive dehydration of the fibrous material takes place. The organic liquid may, for example, be allowed to irrigate or trickle through, or be sucked or pressed through, the fibrous material, an advantageous procedure being to connect several treatment vessels, charged with fibrous material, in series and to pass the organic liquid through the system. After the desired degree of dehydration has been reached, the organic liquid may be removed by usual methods, such as passing air or other gases, which may if desired be heated, through the material, evacuating or the like procedures, and subjecting the coarse fibrous material to fine shredding. In this way individual fibres are obtained, which, with regard to tenacity, uniformity, length of staple and the like, are suitable for being further worked up in the textile industry by processes such as spinning, weaving and the like.
able agents of theafores'aid kind are those, which are capable of reducing'or removing the hydrophile properties of the skin fibres, of improving the fibres with regard to elasticity, pliability, crimping and the like, of increasing the absorptive powers of the same for dyestuffs and the like. As agents for improving the properties of the fibres there may, for example, be employed vegetable and mineral tanning agents, oils, fats, mordants, softening agents and the like. The aforesaid agents may be introduced during the treatment of the coarse fibrous material together with the agents for altering the colloidal properties of the fibres or may also be employed previously or subsequently.
The resulting fine fibrous material may be worked up. alone or together with other fibres capable of being worked up in the textile industry, for example wool fibres, by the usual methods employed in the textile industry. If the fibrous material has not been treated with tanning agents or similarly acting agents, it is advisable to subject the further worked up products to such a Examples l.1000 kgms. of normally limed hide waste are laid for 20 days in milk of lime at air temperature and/or allowed to stand in the presence or absence of atmospheric air at ordinary or slightly elevated temperature and/ or treated with mildly acting acids, e. g. 1-5% acetic acid. The loosened hide'material is subjected to a more or less extensive mechanical disintegrating or shredding treatment in a Hollander, the resulting material, consisting for example subtantially of fibre ropes, is freed from excess water, for example by expressing, the water still present is more or less extensively displaced by alcohol, if desired by successive treatments with alcohol and acetone, and the resulting fibrous mass, which, besides any water still present may possibly also contain more orless large quantities of organic liquid, is worked up on suitable apparatus, such as carding combs, teasles and the like, into a fine fibrous material. It is not necessary to effect complete or extensive drying of the coarse fibrous material. Coarse fibrous material, which still contains certain quantities of moisture, may also be worked up and the fine shredding be efiected in such a way, that the excess of moisture is if desired thereby reduced or given off. The fine fibrous material may then be worked up by usual methods into yam, fabric and the like. Insofar as the fibrous material has not already been previously treated with agents for improving its properties (improving agents), the material may be subjected, for example in the hank or piece, to a treatment with such agents, as tanning agents, oils, fats, mordants, SQftening agents, dyestufis and the like. In certain cases a repeated treatment with agents as aforesaid, if desired difierent agents, may take place, fa"v example a treatment of the fibrous material and, a subsequent treatment of the yarn or fabric. When treating yarns or fabrics with agents, with the aid of which the texture is thoroughlywetied or moistened, drying may be effected, if desired with the aid of organic solvents.
2.1000 kgms. of limed hide waste are subjected to a pretreatment with swelling agents and thereafter to mechanical disintegration in a hollander and the coarse fibrous material treated with substances having a tanning action. The fibrous material is thereafter treated with organic liquids miscible with water and, after more or less extensive removal of water has been effected, is finely shredded and further worked up into textiles by the usual methods.
3.Hide waste is treated as described in Example v1 with the proviso that, after the fine shredding operation, agents for reducing or removing the hydrophile properties are caused to react with the fibrous material and the latter is thereafter dried with organic liquids.
What we claim is:
1. In a process for the manufacture of spun goods, fabrics and other textiles with fibres obtained from animal skins, the improvement which comprises treating animal skins with swelling agents, mechanically shredding the swollen skins coarsely while in swollen condition, treating the coarsely shredded fibrous material with organic liquids, said organic liquids being miscible with water and chemically inert with respect to said fibres, and having the property of changing the colloidal. properties of the fibres, thereby removing the greater. portion of the absorbed water and preventing the fibrous material from gumming up and becoming horny, and finely shredding the material so treated while still substantially free from water. i
2. In a process for-the manufacture of spun goods, fabrics and other textileswith fibres obtained from animal skins, the improvement which comprises treating animal skins with swelling agents, mechanically shredding the swollen skins coarsely while in swollen condition, removing the excess water present in the coarse fibrous material, treating the coarsely shredded fibrous material with organic liquids, said organic liquids being miscible with water and chemically inert with respect to said fibres, and having the property of changing the colloidal properties'of the fibres, thereby removing thegreater portion of the absorbed water and preventing the fibrous material from gumming up and becoming horny, and finely shredding the material so treated while still substantially free from water.
3. A process according to claim 1, wherein the fine fibres are treated during the process of their production with substances, which are capable of improving the properties of the fibres and are selected from the group consisting of tanning agents, oils, fats, mordants, softening agents and dyestuffs.
4. In a process for the manufacture of spun goods, fabrics and other textiles with fibres obtained from animal skins, the improvement which comprises treating animal skins with swelling agents, mechanically shredding the swollen skins coarsely while in swollen condition, treating the coarsely shredded fibrous material with organic liquids, said organic liquids being miscible with water and chemically inert with respect to said fibres, and having the property of changing the colloidal properties of the fibres,- thereby remov ing the greater portion of the absorbed water and preventing the fibrous material from gumming up and becoming horny, finely shredding the material so treated while still substantially free from water, and treating the fine fibres with substances which improve their properties selected from the group consisting of tanning agents, oils, fats, mordants, softening agents, and dye stufis.
5. In a process for the manufacture of spun oods, fabrics and other textiles with fibres obtainedfrom animal skins, the improvement which comprises treating animal skins with swelling agents, mechanically shredding the swollen skins coarsely while in swollen condition, treating the coarsely shredded fibrous material with organic liquids, said organic liquids being miscible with water and chemically inert with respect to said fibres, and having the property of changing the colloidal properties of the fibres, thereby removing the greater portion of the absorbed water and preventing the fibrous material from gumming up and becoming horny, finely shredding the material so treated while still substantially free from water. working up the fine fibres into yarns and fabrics, and treating said yarns and fabrics with substances which improve their properties selected from the group consisting of tanning agents, oils, fats, mordants, softening agents and dyestufis.
RICHARD FREUDENBERG. HANS F'REUDENBERG. ROLAND RUNKEL. GUSTAV LANGE.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2105035A true US2105035A (en) | 1938-01-11 |
Family
ID=3429169
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US2105035D Expired - Lifetime US2105035A (en) | Process fob the manufacture of spun |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2105035A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3231463A (en) * | 1960-10-31 | 1966-01-25 | Armour & Co | Method for treating collagen fibers |
| US4202858A (en) * | 1978-03-17 | 1980-05-13 | Gary Bruce | Moss killer |
-
0
- US US2105035D patent/US2105035A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3231463A (en) * | 1960-10-31 | 1966-01-25 | Armour & Co | Method for treating collagen fibers |
| US4202858A (en) * | 1978-03-17 | 1980-05-13 | Gary Bruce | Moss killer |
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