US2103512A - Bolt action firearm - Google Patents

Description

F. F. BURTON BOLT ACTION FIREARM Dec. 28, 1937.

Filed Feb. 25, 1933 2 Sheets-Sheet l Dec. 28, 1937. F. F. BURTON BOLT ACTION FIREARM Filed Feb. 25, 1933 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Dec. 28, 1937 UNITED STATES BOLT ACTION FIREARM Frank F. Burton, Mount Carmel, Conn., assignor to Winchester Repeating Arms Company, New Haven, Conn., a corporation of Maryland Application February 25, 1933, Serial No. 658,562

13 Claims.

This invention relates to an improvement in bolt-action firearms and relates in particular to means for locking the manual operating-member thereof against effective operating movement 5 when the firing-pin is in other than its advanced or forward position. Such means is commonly referred to as an action lock.

An object of the present invention is to provide a bolt-action firearm with simple, reliable and eiieotive means for releasably locking the manual breech-bolt operating-member against effective operating movement when the firing-pin is in other than its advanced position.v

A further object is to provide a bolt-action firearm having convenient andreliable locking means, as above referred to, and which may be produced at a relatively low cost for manufacture.

Other objects and advantages will appear to those skilled in the art from the following, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 is a broken view in side elevation of one form which .a bolt-action rearm embodying the present invention may assume;

Fig. 2 is a broken view, mainly in side elevation and partly in vertical section, of the receiver portion and immediately adjacent parts of such a firearm, the breech-bolt being shown in its closed position and the firing-pin and hammer being shown in the positions which they assume when a. cartridge is fired;

Fig. 3 is a view corresponding to Fig. 2, showing the action-slide moved slightly rearwardly to take up the lost motion between the same and the breech-bolt, thebreech-bolt being also shown by broken lines in its fully retired position;

Fig. 4 is a similar view, but showing the hammer as cocked, the breech-bolt closed, the firingpn in its retired position, and the action-slide latch in its latching position;

Fig. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view taken on the line 5-5 of Fig. 4;

45 Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the breech-bolt detached, and showing the action-slide latch and firing-pin in place therein;

Fig. 7 is a broken perspective view of the rear end of the action-slide; and

Fig. 8 is a perspective view of the action-slide latch.

The particular rearm herein chosen as illustrative of the present invention includes a receiver I having attached to its rear end the usual butt-.stock II and having projecting from its forward end the usual barrel I2. Mounted directly below the barrel I2 and arranged parallel therewith is a tubular magazine I3 upon which is mounted, with capacity for reciprocating movement, an action-slide handle I4 having a rearwardly-projecting action-slide bar I5.

The rear end of the action-slide bar I above referred torides in a longitudinal guide-groove I6 formed in the inner face of the left side-wall of the receiver I Il and opening inwardly into the hollow interior of the said receiver in the usual manner of firearms of the type illustrated. Adjacent its extreme rear end, the action-slide bar I5 is provided with an inwardly-projecting cylindrically-contoured bolt-operating lug I1 entering into an inclined cam-Slot I8 formed in the left side of a breech-bolt I9 mounted in the upper portion of the receiver I with capacity for both longitudinal reciprocating and vertical rocking movement with respect thereto.

For convenience of description, the cam-slot I8 in the breech-bolt I9 may be said to have a lifting cam-surface 20 gradually merging into the top wall 2| of the cam-slot I8. Complementing the lifting cam-surface 2l) is a depressing cam-surface 22 joined to the cam-surface 20 before referred to, by a substantially-semicircular reach 23 and merging into the top wall 2I by a similarly-curved reach 24. It will be noted by reference to Fig. 6 in particular that the lifting cam-surface 20 is more steeply inclined than is the depressing cam-surface 22, with the result that the forward upper portion of the cam-slot I8 provides room for limited free play or idle movement of the bolt-operating lug I1 therein. The lug Il and the slot I8 thusV serve to provide for the lost-motion connection of the action-slide bar I5 to the breech-bolt I9.

Above the cani-slot I8 the left side of the breech-bolt I9 is formed with a recess 25 intersecting at its forward lower corner the upper end ofthe said cam-slot I8, to permit the extension into the said slot of a latching-nger 2B extending downwardly and forwardly from a pivotal actionslide latch 21 located in the said recess 25. The said latch is provided at its rear end with a pivotstud 28 rigidly secured thereto and projecting inwardly therefrom for pivotal bearing in a bore 29 opening laterally out of the rear end of the recess 25.

Adjacent its forward end, the action-slide latch 21 is formed with an inclined cam-slot 30 flared or widened toward its lower end and having an inclined lifting cam-surface 3l and an inclined depressing cam-surface ,B I. The said cam-slot 3i] receives an operating-pin 32 rigidly mounted in and laterally offsetting from a reciprocating firing-pin 33 and projecting through a longitudinal guide-slot 34 in the side wall of the breechbolt i9, as clearly shown in Figs. 5 and 6. The said firing-pin is arranged substantially longitudinally of the arm and reciprocates in a bore 35 formed in the breech-bolt I9 and opening through the rear end thereof to permit the projection of the rear end of the firing-pin therefrom. The forward end of the bore 35 has a contracted portion 36, as shown in Fig. 5, through which the firing-point 31 formed upon the forward end of the firing-pin 33 projects for engagement with a cartridge, in the usual manner of bolt-action firearms.

At its rear end the bore 35 in the breech-bolt i9 is provided with an enlarged portion 38 in which bears the enlarged rear end 39 of the firing-pin E33 and which results in the formation of a rearwardly-facing shoulder 4S engaged by the forward end of a helical retracting-spring 4I encircling a portion of the said firing-pin and bearing at its rear end against the forwardly-facing shoulder 42 formed at the junction between the firing-pin 33 proper and its enlarged portion 39. The said spring 4I serves, on occasion, to move the firing-pin 33 rearwardly so as to engage its laterally projecting operating-pin 32 with the lower portion of the depressing cam-surface 3|a of the cam-slot 39 in the action-slide latch 21.

When the firing-pin 33 is in its rearrnost position, its rear end projects from the rear end of the bore 35 in the bolt I9 in position to be struck by a hammer 43 of usual form and requiring no detailed description herein other than to say that it is released (for firing) in the usual manner by a trigger 44.

The latching-nger 26 which forwardly and downwardly offsets from the action-slide latch 2i is adapted to engage, on occasion, with a rearwardly-facing latching-abutment forming a feature of the bolt-operating lug Il of the actionslide bar I5, and formed by notching the said lug as at 46.

At its forward end the breech-bolt I 9 is formed with a pair of locking-lugs 4'I and 48 (Figs. 5 and 6) respectively offset therefrom in opposite directions and entering suitable notches 49 and 5? formed in the upper portion of the side walls of the receiver I0. The entry of the locking-lugs 4l and 48 of the breech-bolt into the notches 49 and 5B respectively takes place when thesaid breech-bolt is moved into its closed position and serve to prevent the said breech-bolt from moving rearwardly as the result of the ring of the cartridge.

For convenience of description, let it be presumed that the action-slide bar I5 has been manually moved by means of its handle I4 to the limit of Yits forward movement after the hammer 43 has been cocked by a previous rearward travel of the breech-bolt I9. With the parts in the positions referred to, the bolt-operating lug I1 cf the action-slide bar I5 will be located in the forward upper portion of the cam-slot I8 in engagement with the depressing cam-surface v22. The ring-pin 33 will, under these circumstances, have been retired to the limit of its rearward movement by the spring 4I and will have acted through the intermediary of its operating-pin 32 and the depressing cam-surface 3la to swing the action-slide latch 2l' downwardly to interpose the latching-nger 26 thereof in the path of the rearward travel of the latching-abutment 45 on the bolt-operating lug il so that the action-slide bar I5 will thus be prevented, for the time being, from being moved rearwardly, as for instance by an inadvertent rearward pull upon the handle I4.

If, now, the trigger 44 is pulled to permit the hammer 43 to drive the firing-pin forwardly for firing a cartridge, in which position it is shown in Fig. 2, the action slide latch 2l will be swung upwardly by the forward firing motion of the firing-pin as just referred to, with the effect of engaging the pin` 32 with the lifting cam-surface 3I to thus lift the latching-nger 26 out of the path of thefl-atching-abutment 45 and thereby release the action-slide bar I5 for rearward travel. It will be noted that-the unlatching of the actionslide bar I5 asjust described is completed only when the firing-pin 33 is substantially at the limit of its forward'travel and is not dependent upon some action antecedent to the firing movement of the said ring-pin, so that if, when the gun is red, the user is pressing rearwardly upon the action-slide handle I4, the said action-slide bar I5 will not be released for moving the breechbolt from its fully-closed position until the cartridge has actually been fired.

After the action-slide bar l5 has been unlatched as above described, the manual rearward movement thereof will disengage the now-unlatched bolt-operating lug Il' from the depressing cam-surface 22 of the cam-slot I8 in the breechbolt I9 and after a limited amount of free travel or lost motion will engage the said lug with the lifting cam-surface 2B. The further rearward travel of the action-slide bar i5 will cause the said lug Il' (acting upon the lifting cam-surface 2U) to f swing the forward end of theV bolt I9 upwardly and when the said lug becomes engaged with the curved reach 23 of the slot I 8, the locking-lugs 4l and 48 of the bolt I9 will have been lifted clear of the locking-notches 49 and 5U and the said breech-bolt I9 will be moved rearwardly by the lug I'I into the position in which it is shown by broken lines in Fig. 3.

The rearward travel of the breech-bolt I9, as lust above described, serves to cock the hammer 43 and thus permits the spring 4I to move the ring-pin rearwardly with the effect of engaging the operating-pin 32 with the depressing camsurface 3|a of the latch 2'! to swing the forward end of the said latch downwardly. The forceful depression or" the latch 21 as just described will take place onlyV in the event that the same has not previously fallen by gravity during the rearward travel of the firing-pin with respect to the breech-bolt.

With the breech-bolt in its fully-retired position and the hammer 43 cocked as above described, a new cartridge may be inserted into the barrel I2; then, when the action-slide bar I5 is moved forwardly by the user of the arm, the boltoperating lug Il will be thereby caused to exert a concurrent effort to move the breech-bolt I9 bodily forwardly and swing the forward end of the same downwardly, but inasmuch as the locking-lugs 4l and 48 are at this time riding upon the upper edges of 'the respective side walls of the receiver, no other than a forward movement of the bolt can result until such time as the said lugs are brought into registration with the locking notches 49 and 5U.

W'hen the lugs 4l and 48 have been brought fully into registration with their respective notches 49 and the continued forward movement of the action slide will depress the forward end of the said breech-bolt to seat the lugs 4l' Cil and 48 in their respective locking-notches 49 and i). Shortly before the action-slide bar l5 reaches the limit of its forward movement, the bolt-operating lug il thereof will have engaged the under side of the iatching-finger 26 which is being at this time bodily depressed with the bolt. The said lug will momentarily swing the latch 21 upwardly with respect to the bolt, with the effect of slightly moving the firing-pin 33 forwardly, but when the latch-abutment 45 has advanced into registration with the forward face of the latching-nger 26, the latch will be immediately swung downwardly by the urge of the spring 4i acting through the firing-pin 33,y operating-pin 32 and depressing cam-surface Sie.

The parts will now have been restored to the positions in which they are shown in Fig. 4, preparatory to another cycle oi operations.

In the event that it is desired, for `any reason, to open the breech of the gun Without causing the hammer i3 to strike the firing-pin 33 in the usual manner, the said ring-pin may be manually moved against the tension of the spring lll, by pressing with the finger upon its rear end, to thus forcibly lift the latching-flnger 26 of the actionslide latch 2l' out of the path of the latchingabutment 45, as before described.

In the construction herein shown and described, the latch 2l is positively moved into both its unlatching and latching positions by the operatingpin 32 on the firing-pin 33. Thus, the movement of the said latch as above referred to may be said to occur concurrently with the movement of the tiring-pin, despite the limited free movement of the operating-pin i2 in the slot Sil of the said latch.

The invention may be carried out in other speciic ways than that herein set forth Without departing from the spirit and essential characteristics of the invention, and the present embodiment is therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, and all changes coming within the meaning and equivalency range of the appended claims are intended to be embraced therein.

I claim:

l. In a bolt-action firearm, the combination with a retractable breech-bolt; of a reciprocating ring-pin carried by the said breech-bolt and having a laterally-elisetting operating-projection; a manually-reciprocatable action-slide having lost-motion connection to the said breechbolt for operating the same; and a latch-member acting to releasably check the rearward movement of the said action-slide with respect to the said breech-bolt and provided with a cam-surface engaged by the laterally-oiisetting operatingprojection of the said firing-pin for being positively and concurrently moved into its unlatching position by the said iiring-pin during the iring movement thereof.

2. In a bolt-action rearm, the combination with a retractable breech-bolt; of a reciprocating firing-nin carried by the said breech-bolt and having a laterally-offsetting operating-'projection; a manually-reciprocatable action-slide having lost-motion connection to/the said breech-bolt for operating the saine; and a latch-member carried by the said breech-bolt and acting to releasably check the rearward movement of the said action-slide with respect to the said breechbolt and provided with a cam-surface engaged by the laterally-offsetting operating-projection of the said ring-pin for being moved into its unlatching position by the ring movement of the said firing-pin.

3. In a bolt-action firearm, the combination with a retractable breech-bolt; of a reciprocating ring-pin carried by the said breech-bolt and having a laterally-protruding operating-projection; a manually-reciprocatable action-slide having lost-motion connection to the said breechbolt for operating the same; and a pivotal latchmember carried by the said breech-bolt and acting to releasably check the rearward movement of the said action-slide with respect to the said reech-bolt and provided with a cam-surface engaged by the laterally-protruding operatingprojection of the said firing-pin for being turned into its unlatching position by the firing movement of the said firing-pin.

i. In a bolt-action rearm, the combination with a movable breech-bolt; of a ring-member, a manual operating-member operatively connected to the said breech-bolt for operating the saine; a latch-member for releasably checking the breech-opening movement of the said operating-member; and double-acting actuatingmeans, including a latch-actuating abutment rigidly carried by the said ring-pin, operatively interconnecting the said iiring-member and the said latch-member, the said double-acting actuating-means serving to cause the positive movement of the said latch-member into its unlatching position in response to and concurrently with the firing movement of the said ring-member, and to cause the positive movement of the said latching-member into its latching position in response to and concurrently with the retiring movement of the said firing-member.

5. In a bolt-action firearm, the combination with a movable breech-bolt; of a reciprocating firing-pin carried by the said breech-bolt; a manual operating-member connected to said breech-bolt for operating the same and having movement with respect thereto; a latch-member acting to releasably check the movement of the said operating-member; and actuating-means, including a latch-actuating abutment rigidly carried by said firing-pin, serving to operatively connect the said latch-member to the said firingpin in such manner as to cause the firing movement of the said firing-pin to positively and concurrently move the said latch-member into its unlatching position.

6. In a bolt-action firearm, the combination with a movable breech-bolt; of a reciprocating firing-pin carried by the said breech-bolt; a manual operating-member connected to said breech-bolt for operating the same and having movement with respect thereto; a latch-member carried by the said breech-bolt and acting to vreleasably check the movement of the said operating-member; and actuating-means, including a latch-actuating abutment rigidly carried by the said firing-pin, serving to operatively connect the said latch-member to the said iling-pin in such manner as to cause the ring movement of the said iring-pin to positively and concurrently move the said latch-member into its unlatching position.

'7. In a bolt-action rearm, the combination with a movable breech-bolt; of a reciprocating firing-pin carried by the said breech-bolt; a manual operating-member connected to said breech-bolt for operating the same and having movement with respect thereto; a latch-member acting to releasably check the movement of the said operating-member; spring-means urging the Zio said ring-pin into its retired position; and actuating-means, including a latch-actuating abutment rigidly carried by the said firing-pin, serving to operatively interconnect the said latchmember and the said firing-pin in such manner as to cause the firing movement of the said ring-member to positively and concurrently move the said latch-member into its unlatching position and to cause the retiring movement of the said iring-pin under the urge of the said springmeans to cause the movement of the said latchmember into its latching position.

8. In a bolt-action firearm, the combination with a retractable breech-bolt; of a reciprocating firing-pin carried by the said breech-bolt; a manually reciprocatable action-slide connected to said breech-bolt for operating the same and having movement With respect thereto; a latchmember acting to releasably check the movement of the said action-slide; spring-means urging the said ring-pin into its retired position; and actuating-means, including a latch-actuating abutment rigidly carried by the said ring pin, serving to operatively interconnect the said latch-member and the said firing-pin in such manner as to cause the firing movement of the said firing-member to positively and concurrently move the said latch-member into its unlatching position and to cause the retiring movement of the said ring-pin under the urge of the said spring-means to cause the movement of the said latch-member into its latching position.

9. In a bolt-action rearm, the combination with a retractable breech-bolt; of a reciprocating ring-pin carried by the said breech-bolt; a hammer for driving the said iiring-pin into its ring position; a manually-reciprocating actionslide connected to the said breech-bolt for operating the same and having movement with respect thereto; a latch-member acting to releasably check the movement of the said actionslide; and actuating-means including a latchactuating abutment rigidly carried by the said firing-pin serving to operatively connect said latch-member to the said firing-pin in such manner as to cause the said firing-pin when struck by the said hammer to positively and concurrently move the said latch-member into its unlatcl'n'ng position.

l0. In a bolt-action rearm, the combination with a retractable breech-bolt; of a reciprocating ring-pin carried by the said breech-bolt; a hammer for driving the said firing-pin into its firing position; a manually reciproca-table actionslide connected to the said breech-bolt for operating the same and having movement With respect thereto; a latch-member acting to releasably check the movement of the said actionslide; spring-means urging the said ring-pin into its retired position; and actuating-means, including a latch-actuating abutment rigidly carried by the sai-d firing-pin operatively interconnecting the said latch-member to said riring-pin in such manner as to cause the movement of the said firing-pin under the urge of the said hammer to eifect the positive and concurrent movement'of the said latching-member into its unlatching position and to cause the retiring movement of the said ring-pin under the urge of the said spring-means to effect the movement of the said latch-member into its latching position.

l1. In a bolt-action firearm, the combination with a retractable breech-bolt; of a reciprocating firing-pin carried by the said breech-bolt; a manual operating-member having lost-motion connection to the said breech-bolt for operating the same; a latch-member acting to releasably check the movement of the said operating-member in the direction for taking up the lost motion of the connection between the same and the said breech-bolt; and actuating-means including a latch-actuating abutment rigidly carried by the said firing-pin, serving to operatively connect the said latch-member to the said ring-pin in such manner as to cause the ring movement of the said firing-pin to positively and concurrently move the said latch-member into its unlatching position.

12. In a bolt-action firearm, the combination with a retractable breech-bolt; of a reciprocating firing-pin carried by the said breech-bolt; a hammer for driving the said ring-pin into its firing position; a manually-reciprocatable action-slide having lost-motion connection to the said breech-bolt for operating the same; a latchmember acting to releasably check the movement of the said action-slide in the direction for taking up the lost motion of the connection between the same and the said breech-bolt; and actuatingmeans, including a latch-actuating abutment rigidly carried by the said firing-pin, serving to operatively connect said latch-member to the said ming-pin in such manner as to cause the said firing-pin when struck by the said hammer to positively and concurrently move the said latch-member into its unlatching position.

13. In a bolt-action iirearm, the combination with a retractable breech-bolt; of a reciprocating firing-pin carried by the said breech-bolt; a hammer for driving the said ring-pin into its firing position; a manually-reciprocatable action-slide having lost-motion connection to the said breech-bolt for operating the same; a latchmember acting to releasably check the movement of the said action-slide in the direction for taking up the lost motion of the connection between the same and the said breech-bolt; spring-means urging the said firing-pin into its retired position; and actuating-means including a latch-actuating abutment rigidly carried by the said firing-pin, operatively interconnecting the said latch-member to said iiring-pin in such manner as to cause the movement of the said ring-pin under the urge of the said hammer to effect the positive and concurrent movement of the said latching-member into its unlatching position and to cause the retiring movement of the said ringpin under the urge of the said spring-means to

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